SS Hewitt

The SS Hewitt was a steel hulled bulk freighter built for the J. S. Emery Steamship Co. of Boston, Massachusetts, as the Pacific. (She had one sister ship named Atlantic.)[1] She was sold to the Union Sulphur Company in 1915 and in 1921 she and her entire crew disappeared without a trace off the southeast coast of the United States.

History
Name:
  • Pacific (1914–15)
  • Hewitt (1915–21)
Owner:
Port of registry: New York City, United States
Builder: Fore River Shipbuilding Co
Launched: 1914
Completed: September 1914
Out of service: January 1921
Identification:
  • United States Official Number 212560
  • Code Letters LDPG
Fate: Unknown
Status: Missing
General characteristics
Tonnage: 5,399 GRT, 3,395 NRT
Length: 420 ft (128 m)
Beam: 60 ft (18 m)
Depth: 38 ft (12 m)
Installed power: Triple expansion steam engine, 2,000 ihp
Propulsion: Single screw propeller
Speed: 12 knots (22 km/h)
Crew: 42

Description

The ship was 387 feet 7 inches (118.14 m) long, with a beam of 54 feet 3 inches (16.54 m) and a depth of 27 feet 7 inches (8.41 m). She was propelled by a triple expansion steam engine which had cylinders of 25 inches (64 cm), 41 inches (100 cm) and 68 inches (170 cm) diameter by 48 inches (120 cm) stroke. The engine was rated at 2,000 ihp. Steam was produced by three boilers, 13 feet 9 inches (4.19 m) diameter by 11 feet 11 inches (3.63 m) length, working at a pressure of 190 lb/in2.[2] The engine drove a single screw propeller, it could propel the ship at 12 knots (22 km/h).[1] She was assessed at 5,399 GRT, 3,395 NRT.[2]

History

Pacific was built by the Fore River Shipbuilding Co. of Quincy, Massachusetts, for the J. S. Emery Steamship Co. Her port of registry was Boston, Massachusetts.[3] She was delivered in September 1914.[4] Pacific was purchased by the Union Sulphur Company in 1915. After a refit she was renamed Hewitt.[1] The American Official Number 212560 was allocated. Her port of registry was changed to New York City.[2] She was later allocated the Code Letters LDPG.[4] Exactly what modifications, if any, Union Sulphur Co. made are unknown, but she probably remained mostly as she was built. The ship was described as "one of the largest bulk cargo carriers constructed in the United States."[1]

Hewitt plied the route along the American east coast. During World War I she delivered sulfur to ammunition and chemical industries. Beginning on 9 August 1917, when the Navy requisitioned the ship in Newport News, Virginia and, continuing until the end of the war, she shipped war materials to various French Atlantic ports. During this time, she became the first U.S. merchant marine vessel fitted with a six-inch gun, designed for defense against German U-boats.[1] Apparently, no war-related incidents were reported. After the war, she remained with Union Sulphur Co., returning to the company in Norfolk, Virginia on 26 February 1919.[1]

In October 1920, the vessel was taken to Hoboken, New Jersey for an overhaul that lasted 45 days at a cost of $100,000. Following the overhaul, she was inspected and certified by the United States Steamboat Inspectors in Portland.[1]

Under command of Capt. Hans Jakob Hansen, she left fully loaded from Sabine Pass, Port Arthur, Texas on 20 January 1921. She was bound for Portland, Maine with a stop in Boston, Massachusetts.[5] She made her regular radio calls on 24 January and 25 January,[1] and reported nothing unusual. She was last seen 250 nautical miles (460 km) north of Jupiter Inlet, Florida. From that time to this, she remains missing. No further radio signals from her were received.[6] After the Hewitt failed to arrive in Boston on its expected due date of 29 January, Union Sulphur sent the ship's wireless call (K I L) through Atlantic coastal stations, and notified the United States Navy.[1] A huge search along her route found nothing.

Initial hypotheses about the ship's disappearance were varied. Initially, Coast Guard officials in Atlantic City reported hearing an explosion and seeing a flash approximately 20 miles offshore on the night of 3 February, and connected this event with the Hewitt.[7] No further evidence linking this explosion to the Hewitt, however, was ever found. A British insurance company suggested that the Hewitt may have sunk in a collision with the Carroll A. Deering, another ship that vanished around the same time, but examinations of the Deering after it came ashore (without a crew) did not show damage consistent with a collision.[8] Others speculated about piracy, perhaps connected with "Bolshevik raiders" in the aftermath of the Red Scare, although authorities discounted these suggestions.[8] These concerns were fueled further because of the subsequent disappearance of several other vessels in nearby waters during 1921.[9]

In the aftermath, families of the victims filed suit against Union Sulphur Co., seeking more than $100,000 in damages.[10][11] In a representative case, two families in Portland received settlements of $2,500 each; the court deemed that the crew members were presumed drowned off Florida.[10]

The Union Sulphur Company owned many ships. It eventually transitioned to oil and gas production and, through a series of transactions, became part of British multinational energy company BP.

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gollark: Exæct solutions in terms of whæt?
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gollark: Imagine dividing things by hand.
gollark: But those are *equivalent*.

References
  1. Southern, David A. (June 1921). Clark, Grenville (ed.). "The Mystery Ship: Tragedy of the S.S. Hewitt and Other Ill-Fated Vessels". National Service. New York: Military Training Publishing Corporation. 9 (6): 323–327. Retrieved 18 September 2015.
  2. "Union Sulphur Co". Johnson's Steam Vessels of the Atlantic, Gulf and Pacific Coasts. New York City: Eads Johnson M.E. Inc.: 144 1920.
  3. "The Record". Record of American and Foreign Shipping. New York City: American Bureau of Shipping ("American Lloyd's"): 594. 1914.
  4. "The Record". Record of American and Foreign Shipping. New York City: American Bureau of Shipping ("American Lloyd's"): 362. 1917.
  5. Marvin, Winthrop L., ed. (19 February 1921). "Mystery of the Deering and the Hewitt Added to Grim List". The Marine Journal. New York: The Marine Journal Company. 43 (20): 11. Retrieved 17 September 2015.
  6. Lawrence Journal-World. "Steamer Hewitt Lost". February 16, 1921, p. 2. Retrieved on September 18, 2015.
  7. Star-News (Wilmington, N.C.). "Atlantic City Flash Lost Tanker - Belief". February 6, 1921, p. 1. Retrieved on September 18, 2015.
  8. St. Petersburg Times. "Search World to Find Crew of 'Spook' Ship". June 22, 1921, pp. 1, 3. Retrieved on September 18, 2015.
  9. Evening Independent (St. Petersburg, Fla.). "More Missing Ships Reported: Three Vessels Bound to and from Newport Believed Pirates' Prey". June 23, 1921, p. 10. Retrieved on September 18, 2015.
  10. Lewiston Daily Sun. "Two Portland Families Get Awards of $2,500". December 23, 1924, p. 1. Retrieved on September 18, 2015.
  11. "Union Sulphur Co. Suit". Commercial & Financial Chronicle. New York: William B. Dana Company. 114 (1): 1072. 7 January 1922. Retrieved 18 September 2015.

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