SM UB-9

SM UB-9 was a German Type UB I submarine or U-boat in the German Imperial Navy (German: Kaiserliche Marine) during World War I. UB-9 was ordered in October 1914 and was laid down at the AG Weser shipyard in Bremen in November. UB-9 was a little under 28 metres (92 ft) in length and displaced between 127 and 141 tonnes (125 and 139 long tons), depending on whether surfaced or submerged. She carried two torpedoes for her two bow torpedo tubes and was also armed with a deck-mounted machine gun. She was launched and commissioned as SM UB-9 in February 1915.[Note 1]

For other ships with the same name, see German submarine U-9.
History
German Empire
Name: UB-9
Ordered: 15 October 1914[1]
Builder: AG Weser, Bremen[2]
Yard number: 218[1]
Laid down: 6 November 1914[1]
Launched: 6 February 1915[1]
Commissioned: 18 February 1915[1]
Stricken: 19 February 1919[1]
Fate: broken up in 1919[1]
Service record
Part of: German Imperial Navy[1]
Commanders: Wilhelm Werner (February 1915)[1]
Operations: No patrols[1]
Victories: None[1]
General characteristics [3]
Class and type: German Type UB I submarine
Displacement:
  • 127 t (125 long tons) surfaced
  • 141 t (139 long tons) submerged
Length: 27.88 m (91 ft 6 in) (o/a)
Beam: 3.15 m (10 ft 4 in)
Draft: 3.03 m (9 ft 11 in)
Propulsion:
Speed:
  • 7.45 knots (13.80 km/h; 8.57 mph) surfaced
  • 6.24 knots (11.56 km/h; 7.18 mph) submerged
Range:
  • 1,500 nmi (2,800 km; 1,700 mi) at 5 knots (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph) surfaced
  • 45 nmi (83 km; 52 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph)
Test depth: 50 metres (160 ft)
Complement: 14
Armament:
Notes: 33-second diving time

UB-9's commanding officer at commissioning only remained in charge of the ship for a week. Sources do not report any more commanding officers assigned through the end of the war, so it's not clear if the submarine remained in commission. UB-9 was reported in use as a training vessel at Kiel in September 1915. The U-boat made no war patrols and sank no ships during the war, which may indicate that the vessel remained in a training role. At the end of the war, UB-9 was deemed unseaworthy and unable to surrender at Harwich with the rest of Germany's U-boat fleet. She remained in Germany where she was broken up by Dräger at Lübeck in 1919.

Design and construction

After the German Army's rapid advance along the North Sea coast in the earliest stages of World War I, the German Imperial Navy found itself without suitable submarines that could be operated in the narrow and shallow seas off Flanders.[4][5] Project 34, a design effort begun in mid-August 1914,[5] produced the Type UB I design: a small submarine that could be shipped by rail to a port of operations and quickly assembled. Constrained by railroad size limitations, the UB I design called for a boat about 28 metres (92 ft) long and displacing about 125 tonnes (123 long tons) with two torpedo tubes.[4][Note 2]

UB-9 was the first of the initial allotment of seven submarines—numbered up to UB-15—ordered on 15 October from AG Weser of Bremen, just shy of two months after planning for the class began.[4][6] UB-9 was laid down by Weser in Bremen on 6 November.[1] As built, UB-9 was 27.88 metres (91 ft 6 in) long, 3.15 metres (10 ft 4 in) abeam, and had a draft of 3.03 metres (9 ft 11 in). She had a single 59-brake-horsepower (44 kW) Körting 4-cylinder diesel engine for surface travel, and a single 119-shaft-horsepower (89 kW) Siemens-Schuckert electric motor for underwater travel, both attached to a single propeller shaft. Her top speeds were 7.45 knots (13.80 km/h; 8.57 mph), surfaced, and 6.24 knots (11.56 km/h; 7.18 mph), submerged.[2] At more moderate speeds, she could sail up to 1,500 nautical miles (2,800 km; 1,700 mi) on the surface before refueling, and up to 45 nautical miles (83 km; 52 mi) submerged before recharging her batteries. Like all boats of the class, UB-9 was rated to a diving depth of 50 metres (160 ft), and could completely submerge in 33 seconds.

UB-9 was armed with two 45-centimeter (17.7 in) torpedoes in two bow torpedo tubes. She was also outfitted for a single 8-millimeter (0.31 in) machine gun on deck. UB-9's standard complement consisted of one officer and thirteen enlisted men.[7] After work on UB-9 was complete at the Weser yard, she was launched on 6 February 1915.[1]

Career

The submarine was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy as SM UB-9 on 18 February 1915 under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Wilhelm Werner,[1] a 26-year-old first-time U-boat commander.[8] Wenninger was only in command of UB-9 for ten days.[1] Sources do not indicate who, if anyone, succeeded him as commander of UB-9, or if UB-9 remained in commission.

According to authors R. H. Gibson and Maurice Prendergast, UB-9 had been assigned to the Kiel Periscope School by September 1915.[9] Uboat.net reports that UB-9' undertook no war patrols and had no successes against enemy ships, which may indicate that the vessel remained in use only as a training vessel.[1]

At the end of the war, the Allies required all German U-boats to be sailed to Harwich for surrender. UB-9 was one of eight U-boats deemed unseaworthy and allowed to remain in Germany.[10][Note 3] UB-9 was broken up by Dräger at Lübeck in 1919.[1]

Notes
  1. "SM" stands for "Seiner Majestät" (English: His Majesty's) and combined with the U for Unterseeboot would be translated as His Majesty's Submarine.
  2. A further refinement of the design—replacing the torpedo tubes with mine chutes but changing little else—evolved into the Type UC I coastal minelaying submarine. See: Miller, p. 458.
  3. The other seven boats were U-1, U-2, U-4, U-17, and three fellow Type UB I boats, UB-2, UB-5, and UB-11.
gollark: It's "maths" and "further maths".
gollark: Some of them, probably.
gollark: I *did* GCSEs (nominally; exams were cancelled).
gollark: Imagine engineering electrically.
gollark: Yes. That is how it works post-16.

References
  1. Helgason, Guðmundur. "WWI U-boats: UB 9". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 19 February 2009.
  2. Tarrant, p. 172.
  3. Gröner 1991, pp. 22-23.
  4. Miller, pp. 46–47.
  5. Karau, p. 48.
  6. Williamson, p. 12.
  7. Karau, p. 49.
  8. Helgason, Guðmundur. "WWI U-boat commanders: Wilhelm Werner". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 20 March 2009.
  9. Gibson and Prendergast, p. 63.
  10. Gibson and Prendergast, pp. 331–32.

Bibliography
  • Bendert, Harald (2000). Die UB-Boote der Kaiserlichen Marine, 1914-1918. Einsätze, Erfolge, Schicksal (in German). Hamburg: Verlag E.S. Mittler & Sohn GmbH. ISBN 3-8132-0713-7.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  • Gröner, Erich; Jung, Dieter; Maass, Martin (1991). U-boats and Mine Warfare Vessels. German Warships 1815–1945. 2. Translated by Thomas, Keith; Magowan, Rachel. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-593-4.
  • Gardiner, Robert, ed. (1985). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships, 1906–1921. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-0-87021-907-8. OCLC 12119866.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
  • Gibson, R. H.; Maurice Prendergast (2003) [1931]. The German Submarine War, 1914–1918. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 9781591143147. OCLC 52924732.
  • Karau, Mark D. (2003). Wielding the Dagger: the MarineKorps Flandern and the German War Effort, 1914–1918. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger. ISBN 978-0-313-32475-8. OCLC 51204317.
  • Miller, David (2002). The Illustrated Directory of Submarines of the World. St. Paul, Minnesota: MBI Pub. Co. ISBN 978-0-7603-1345-9. OCLC 50208951.
  • Tarrant, V. E. (1989). The U-Boat Offensive: 1914–1945. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-0-87021-764-7. OCLC 20338385.
  • Williamson, Gordon (2002). U-boats of the Kaiser's Navy. Oxford: Osprey. ISBN 978-1-84176-362-0. OCLC 48627495.

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