Rondônia

Rondônia (Brazilian Portuguese: [ʁõˈdõniɐ] (listen)[4]) is one of the 26 states of Brazil, located in the northern subdivision of the country (central-western part). To the west is a short border with the state of Acre, to the north is the state of Amazonas, in the east is Mato Grosso, and in the south and southwest is Bolivia. Rondônia has a population of 1,755,000 as of 2014. It is the fifth least populated state. Its capital and largest city is Porto Velho. The state was named after Cândido Rondon,[5] who explored the north of the country during the 1910s. The state, which has 0.8% of the Brazilian population, is responsible for 0.6% of the Brazilian GDP.

State of Rondônia

Estado de Rondônia
State
Flag
Coat of arms
Anthem: Hino de Rondônia
Location of State of Rondônia in Brazil
Coordinates: 10.90°S 62.76°W / -10.90; -62.76
Country Brazil
FoundedSeptember 13, 1943
Capital and largest cityPorto Velho
Government
 • GovernorCoronel Marcos Rocha (PSL)
 • Vice GovernorZé Jodan (PSL)
 • SenatorsAcir Gurgacz (PDT)
Confúcio Moura (MDB)
Marcos Rogério (DEM)
Area
 • Total237,576.16 km2 (91,728.67 sq mi)
Area rank13th
Population
 (2010)[1]
 • Total1,562,409
 • Estimate 
(2019)
1,777,225
 • Rank23rd
 • Density6.6/km2 (17/sq mi)
 • Density rank19th
Demonym(s)Rondoniano or Rondoniense
GDP
 • Year2006 estimate
 • TotalR$ 13,110,000,000 (22nd)
 • Per capitaR$ 8,391 (15th)
HDI
 • Year2017
 • Category0.725[2] – high (19th)
Time zoneUTC-4 (BRT–1[3])
Postal Code
76800-000 to 76999-000
ISO 3166 codeBR-RO
Websiterondonia.ro.gov.br

Geography

Rondonia was originally home to over 200,000 km2 of rainforest, but has become one of the most deforested places in the Amazon. By 2003 around 70,000 km2 of rainforest had been cleared.[6]

The area around the Guaporé River is part of the Beni savanna ecoregion.[7]

The Samuel Dam is located in the state, on the Jamari River.[8]

History
Main article: History of Rondônia

Demographics

According to the IBGE of 2008, there were 1,519,000 people residing in the state. The population density was 6.6 inhabitants/km2. Urbanization: 66.8% (2004); Population growth: 2.2% (1991-2000); Houses: 430,747 (2005).[9]

The last PNAD (National Research for Sample of Domiciles) census revealed the following numbers: 832,000 Brown (Multiracial) people (54.81%), 546,000 White people (35.95%), 115,000 Black people (7.56%), 16,000 Asian people (1.08%), 8,000 Amerindian people (0.53%).[10]

Economy
Soybeans in Ji-Paraná
Rice in Presidente Médici

The economy of the state of Rondônia has, as main activities, agriculture, livestock, food industry and vegetal and mineral extraction. In 2016, the state's GDP reached R$ 39.451 billion. Its export basket is mainly composed of frozen beef (43.43%), soy (32.77%), raw tin (7.08%), sawn wood (2.36%) and edible giblets (2.02%).[11][12]

Beginning in the 1970s, the state attracted farmers from the south-central part of the country, stimulated by the federal government's colonization projects and the availability of cheap and fertile land. The development of agricultural activities has transformed the area into one of the main agricultural frontiers in the country and one of the most prosperous and productive regions in northern Brazil. The state stands out in the production of coffee (largest producer in the North and 5th largest in Brazil), cocoa (2nd largest producer in the North and 3rd largest in Brazil), beans (2nd largest producer in the North), corn (2nd largest producer in the North region), soybean (3rd largest producer in the North region), rice (3rd largest producer in the North region) and cassava (4th largest producer in the North region). Despite the large volume of production and the small territory by the region's standards (7 times smaller than Amazonas and 6 times smaller than Pará), Rondônia still has more than 60% of its territory fully preserved.

In coffee production, Rondônia was, in 2019, the 5th largest producer in the country, being the 2nd largest producer of Coffea canephora, getting a total of 2.3 million bags of 60 kg of coffee (near 138 thousand tons) this year.[13]

In soy, in the 2019 brazilian harvest, Rondônia harvested 1.2 million tons, 3rd in the North Region.[14][15][16]

In 2019, the state produced 805 thousand tons of corn, second largest production in the northern region, losing only to Tocantins.[17]

In cassava production, Brazil produced a total of 17.6 million tons in 2018. Rondônia was the 11st largest producer in the country, with 583 thousand tons.[18]

In 2018, Rondônia produced 124 thousand tons of rice.[19]

In the production of cocoa, Pará has been competing with Bahia for the leadership of Brazilian production. In 2019, Pará harvested 135 thousand tons of cocoa, and Bahians harvested 130 thousand tons. Rondônia is the 3rd largest cocoa producer in the country, with 18 thousand tons harvested in 2017.[20][21]

In 2017, the state had a cattle herd of 14,098,031 head of cattle (73,37% for beef and the rest for dairy), second largest herd in the North, second only to Pará, being the 6th largest in the country, 5th in meat exports and 8th in milk production.[22] The state's milk production in 2018 was around 800 million liters, the largest producer in the North.[23]

In 2017, Rondônia had 0.62% of the national mineral participation (8th place in the country). Rondônia had production of tin (10,9 thousand tons at a value of R$ 333 million), gold (1 ton at a value of R$ 125 million), niobium (in the form of columbita-tantalita) (3.5 thousand tons at R$ 24 million), and zinc in gross form (26 thousand tons at R$ 27 million)[24] In addition, in gemstones, the state has some production of garnet.[25]

In industry, Rondônia had an industrial GDP of R$ 8.2 billion in 2017, equivalent to 0.7% of the national industry. It employs 49,944 workers in the industry. The main industrial sectors are: Industrial Services of Public Utility, such as Electricity and Water (54.4%), Construction (19.2%), Food (17.6%), Wood (1.8%) and Non-metallic minerals (1.2%). These 5 sectors concentrate 94.2% of the state's industry.[26]

Native Brazilians
Indigenous Territories in Rondônia.

As of 2011 there were 21 Indigenous Territories in Rondônia, with two more in process of being demarcated.[27] The largest of these, the Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau Indigenous Territory, covers over 1.8 million hectares.[28] Another, the Rio Omerê Indigenous Territory, is home to the Kanoê and Akuntsu people, who number only four and five individuals respectively.[29][30]

Over 20 indigenous languages are spoken in Rondônia. Below is a list of indigenous languages spoken in the state:[31]

LanguageFamilyBranchISOOther names
Aikanãlanguage isolatetbaAikaná, Corumbiara, Huari, Kasupá, Kolumbiara, Masaká, Mundé, Tubarão, Uari, Wari
Kanoélanguage isolatekxoCanoé, Canoê, Guaratégaya, Guarategaja, Koaratira, Guaratira, Amniapé, Kapixaná, Kapixana, Kapishanã
Kwazalanguage isolatexwaCoaia, Koaiá, Koaya, Koayá, Quaiá, Arara
KaxararíPanoanktxKasharari, Kaxariri
LatundêNambikwaranltnLeitodu
SabanêsNambikwaransaeSabané, Sabanê, Sabanés, Sabanes, Sabones, Sowainte
Oro WinChapacuranorwdialects: Oro At, Oro Eo, Oro Mon, Oro Nao, Oro Waram, Oro Waram Xijem
ArikapúMacro-JêJabutíarkAricapú, Maxubí
JabutíMacro-JêJabutíjbtDjeoromitxi, Dheoromitxí, Kipiu, Jabotí, Quipiu, Yabutí
ArikemTupianArikemaitAriken, Arikém, Ariquême
KaritiânaTupianArikemktnCaritiana, Karitiána, Karitiana
AruáTupianMondéarxAruaxi, Aruashí
Gavião do JiparanáTupianMondégvoDigüt, Gavião, Gavião do Rondônia, Ikõro
SuruíTupianMondésruPaiter, Suruí de Rondônia, Suruí do Jiparaná, Suruí Paiter
PuruboráTupianPuruborápurAurã, Boruborá, Burubora, Cujubi, Kuyubi, Miguelenho, Migueleno, Pumbora, Puroborá, Puruba
KaroTupianRamaramaarrArara, Arára, Arára de Rondonia, Arára do Jiparaná, Arara-Karo, Itanga, Itogapuc, Itogapúk, Ntogapid, Ntogapig, Ramarama, Uruku, Urukú
MakurápTupianTuparímpuMacuráp, Macurape, Macurapi, Makurápi, Massaka
TuparíTupianTuparítpr
WayoróTupianTuparíwyrAjurú, Ayurú, Uaiora, Wajaru, Wayru, Wayurú
AmundavaTupianKawahivaadwAmondawa, Amondáwa, Amundawa, Amundáwa
Uru-Eu-Wau-WauTupianKawahivaurzEru-Eu-Wau-Wau, Kagwahiva, Uru-Eu-Uau-Uau, Uruewawau, Urueuwawáu
ConjubimTupianKawahiva?
Federal University of Rondônia in Porto Velho.
House of Culture Ivan Marrocos, in Porto Velho.

Transport
Porto Velho/Governador Jorge Teixeira de Oliveira International Airport.

Governador Jorge Teixeira de Oliveira International Airport is located in the state capital of Porto Velho.[32]

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References
  1. Ibge.gov
  2. "Radar IDHM: evolução do IDHM e de seus índices componentes no período de 2012 a 2017" (PDF) (in Portuguese). PNUD Brasil. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
  3. "Flag Current Local Time in Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil". Time and Date. Retrieved 15 August 2016.
  4. In Brazilian Portuguese. The European Portuguese pronunciation is [ʁõˈdoniɐ].
  5. Revkin, Andrew (2004-09-30). The Burning Season: The Murder of Chico Mendes and the Fight for the Amazon Rain Forest. Island Press. p. 118. ISBN 9781610913485.
  6. "Amazon Deforestation". Earth Observatory. NASA. 2009-05-27. Retrieved 7 October 2012.
  7. Robin Sears and Robert Langstroth. "Central South America: Northern Bolivia". Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas and Shrublands. WWF. Retrieved 7 October 2012.
  8. "Samuel Dam, Rondônia, Brazil". U.S. Geological Survey. 13 October 2011. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
  9. Source: PNAD.
  10. Tabela 262: População residente, por cor ou raça, situação e sexo (PDF) (in Portuguese). Rondônia, Brazil: IBGE. 2008. ISBN 978-85-240-3919-5. Retrieved 2010-01-18.
  11. Roraima PIB
  12. Rondonia Exports
  13. Produção de café conilon avança e pode ter safra recorde em 2019 gerando emprego e renda
  14. Rondônia deve produzir 1,2 milhão de toneladas de soja na safra 2019/2020
  15. Soja é ouro no estado do Tocantins
  16. Especialistas e produtores debatem sobre a expansão da soja no Pará
  17. Colheita do milho safrinha cresce 20% e Conab estima produção de 805 mil toneladas em Rondônia
  18. Produção brasileira de mandioca em 2018
  19. Safra de arroz tem aumento de produtividade em Rondônia
  20. Pará retoma liderança na produção brasileira de cacau, com a união de agricultores
  21. Rondônia é o terceiro maior produtor de cacau do Brasil
  22. Rebanho bovino ultrapassa 14 milhões de cabeças em Rondônia
  23. Produção de leite em Rondônia resulta em cerca de 800 milhões de litros por ano e é um dos destaques da feira
  24. Anuário Mineral Brasileiro 2018
  25. Algumas Gemas Clássicas
  26. Industry Profile of Rondonia
  27. "Terras Indígenas: Pesquisa por Estado: Rondônia". Povos Indígenas no Brasil (in Portuguese). Instituto Socioambiental (ISA). Retrieved 24 March 2011.
  28. "Caracterização Terra Indígena Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau". Povos Indígenas no Brasil (in Portuguese). Instituo Socioambiental (ISA). Retrieved 24 March 2011.
  29. Instituto Socioambiental (ISA). "Introduction > Akuntsu". Povos Indígenas no Brasil. Retrieved 8 March 2011.
  30. Instituto Socioambiental (ISA). "Introduction > Kanoê". Povos Indígenas no Brasil. Retrieved 8 March 2011.
  31. Cronhamn, Sandra (2013). The spread of cultural vocabulary in Rondônia: A study of borrowability in the semantic fields of religion and agriculture. B.A. thesis. Lund University.
  32. "Porto Velho, Belmonte (PVH) information". theAirDB. Retrieved 1 January 2013.
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