Roger Sherman Baldwin

Roger Sherman Baldwin (January 4, 1793 – February 19, 1863) was an American politician who served as the 32nd Governor of Connecticut from 1844 to 1846 and a United States Senator from 1847 to 1851. As a lawyer, his career was most notable for his participation in the 1841 Amistad case.

Not to be confused with Roger Nash Baldwin, the 20th-century founder of the American Civil Liberties Union.
Roger Sherman Baldwin
32nd Governor of Connecticut
In office
May 1, 1844 – May 6, 1846
LieutenantReuben Booth
Preceded byChauncey Fitch Cleveland
Succeeded byIsaac Toucey
United States Senator
from Connecticut
In office
November 11, 1847 – March 4, 1851
Preceded byJabez W. Huntington
Succeeded byIsaac Toucey
Member of the Connecticut House of Representatives
In office
1837-1838
Personal details
Born(1793-01-04)January 4, 1793
New Haven, Connecticut
DiedFebruary 19, 1863(1863-02-19) (aged 70)
New Haven, Connecticut
Political partyWhig
Republican
Spouse(s)
Emily Pitkin Perkins
(
m. after 1820)
Children9, incl. Simeon Eben Baldwin
Alma materYale College
Litchfield Law School

Early life

Baldwin was son of Simeon Baldwin and Rebecca Sherman in New Haven, Connecticut. He was the maternal grandson of notable founding father Roger Sherman (the only person to sign all four great state papers of the U.S.: the Continental Association, the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution[1]). He attended Hopkins School, and entered Yale College at the age of fourteen, and graduated with high honors in 1811. At Yale, Baldwin was a member of the Linonian Society. After leaving Yale he studied law in his father's office in New Haven, and also in the Litchfield Law School, and was admitted to the bar in 1814. Although repeatedly called into public office, he devoted himself through life to the profession of his choice, attaining the highest distinction, especially in the discussion of questions of law. His defense in 1841, of the rights of the Africans of the Amistad, is particularly celebrated, both for his ability and for the importance of the case.

Roger Sherman Baldwin's notebooks relating to the Amistad case, 1840. Yale University Archives

Political career

After having been a member of the city government in New Haven, in 1826 and 1828, Baldwin was elected in 1837 and again in 1838 as a member of the Connecticut State Senate. In 1840 and 1841 he represented the town of New Haven in the General Assembly. He was chosen Governor of Connecticut in 1844 and was reelected in 1845. On the death of Senator Jabez W. Huntington in 1847, Baldwin was appointed by Governor Clark Bissell to fill the vacancy in the United States Senate, and in December of that year he took his seat as a member of that body. He was elected by the Legislature in the following May to the same position, which he held until 1851. After that period he held no public office, except that he was one of the presidential electors in the canvass of 1860, and by appointment of Governor William Alfred Buckingham was a delegate to the Peace Convention which met in Washington, in 1861, by request of the State of Virginia. He was described as a devout Christian who studied the Bible every day.

Baldwin died in New Haven, February 19, 1863; at the age of 70 and was interred at Grove Street Cemetery. A biographical discourse was pronounced at his funeral by Rev. Dr. Dutton, which was printed in the New Englander for April 1863, and was also published as a pamphlet.

Family

He was grandson of Roger Sherman, son of Simeon Baldwin, nephew of Ebenezer Baldwin, husband of Emily Pitkin Perkins, father of Connecticut Governor Simeon Eben Baldwin, grandfather of New York Supreme Court Justice Edward Baldwin Whitney, and the great-grandfather of the famed Princeton University mathematics professor Hassler Whitney.

A simplified version of the events regarding the Amistad case were made into a movie called Amistad in 1997 in which Matthew McConaughey portrayed Roger Sherman Baldwin. In Greenwich, Connecticut, there is a town park called Roger Sherman Baldwin Park.

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References
  1. Roger Sherman Architect of the Capitol. Retrieved February 14, 2007.
Party political offices
Preceded by
William W. Ellsworth		 Whig nominee for Governor of Connecticut
1843, 1844, 1845		 Succeeded by
Clark Bissell
Political offices
Preceded by
Chauncey Fitch Cleveland		 Governor of Connecticut
1844–1846		 Succeeded by
Isaac Toucey
U.S. Senate
Preceded by
Jabez W. Huntington		 U.S. senator (Class 1) from Connecticut
1847–1851
Served alongside: John M. Niles, Truman Smith		 Succeeded by
Isaac Toucey
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