Riverdance

Riverdance is a theatrical show consisting mainly of traditional Irish music and dance. With a score composed by Bill Whelan, it originated as an interval performance act during the 1994 Eurovision Song Contest, featuring Irish dancing champions Jean Butler, Michael Flatley and the vocal ensemble Anúna. Shortly afterwards, husband and wife production team John McColgan and Moya Doherty expanded it into a stage show, which opened in Dublin on 9 February 1995. Since then, the show has visited over 450 venues worldwide and been seen by over 25 million people, making it one of the most successful dance productions in the world.[1]

For the ship, see MS Riverdance.

Riverdance
20th Anniversary logo
GenreIrish folk music, Irish dance
Show typeTouring theatrical show
Date of premiere9 February 1995 (1995-02-09)
LocationPoint Theatre, Dublin
Creative team
ComposerBill Whelan
ProducerMoya Doherty
DirectorJohn McColgan
Other information
Starring
OriginInterval performance act at the 1994 Eurovision Song Contest
Notable early runs
Official website

Background

Riverdance is rooted in a three-part suite of baroque-influenced traditional music called Timedance. Timedance was composed, recorded and performed for the 1981 Eurovision Song Contest, which was hosted by Ireland.[2] At the time, Bill Whelan and Dónal Lunny composed the music, augmenting the Irish folk band Planxty with a rock rhythm section of electric bass and drums and a four-piece horn section. The piece was performed, with accompanying ballet dancers, during the interval of the contest, and later released as a Planxty single. Whelan had also produced EastWind, a 1992 album by Planxty member Andy Irvine with Davy Spillane, which fused Irish and Balkan folk music and influenced the genesis of Riverdance.[3] Thirteen years later, Whelan was invited to do the intermission piece for another Eurovision Song Contest in Dublin, and composed Riverdance.[2] In a book about Planxty (The Humours of Planxty, by Leagues O'Toole), Whelan says, "It was no mistake of mine to call it Riverdance because it connected absolutely to Timedance".[4]

History

Eurovision performance and aftermath of interval act (1994)

Riverdance was first performed during the seven-minute interval of the 1994 Eurovision Song Contest at the Point Theatre in Dublin on 30 April 1994. The performance was transmitted to an estimated 300 million viewers worldwide[5][6] and earned a standing ovation from the packed theatre of 4,000 people.[7] The performance is often considered the most well known interval act in Eurovision Song Contest history.[8][9][10] Riverdance was later performed as an interval act at both the Congratulations: 50 Years of the Eurovision Song Contest (2005) and Eurovision Song Contest's Greatest Hits (2015) events.

As one report put it, lead dancers Michael Flatley and Jean Butler "transformed the previously chaste and reserved traditional dance form into something else entirely",[11] and after witnessing the initial enthusiasm for the performance in Ireland, husband and wife production team Moya Doherty and John McColgan decided to invest over $1 million into producing a full-length show.[6]

The song "Riverdance" was released as a single featuring Anúna and the RTÉ Concert Orchestra[12][13] and entered the Irish Singles Chart at No. 1 right after the Eurovision debut, staying there for 18 weeks—the longest amount of time a song has ever topped the Irish chart.[14][15] It is currently the second highest-selling single of all time in Ireland, behind only Elton John's 1997 double A-side "Candle in the Wind 1997"/"Something About the Way You Look Tonight".[16]

A video benefiting war-torn Rwanda raised $500,000 for the cause and sold 100,000 copies in a week.[6] On 11 August 1994, in response to the Rwandan genocide of May/June 1994, the RTÉ video 'Riverdance for Rwanda' was launched to help raise money for Irish relief agencies in Rwanda.[17][18]

In November 1994, Riverdance, the original seven-minute version, was invited to perform in London at the prestigious Royal Variety Performance in the presence of Prince Charles.[19] The act, which took place on 28 November at Dominion Theatre, was introduced on stage by Sir Terry Wogan.[20] Earlier that month, tickets went on sale for "Riverdance: The Show", exceeding IR£1million in three weeks.[19]

Dublin and London (February–July 1995)

"Riverdance: The Show" opened at the Point Theatre in Dublin on 9 February 1995. The five-week run was sold out within three days of the tickets going on sale,[7] with tickets reaching record sales of over 120,000.[21] Behind Doherty and McColgan, and composer Bill Whelan, the show starred Flatley and Butler, and featured many of the original Eurovision dance troupe. In April 1995, video release of Riverdance went straight to No. 1 in the Irish charts.[21]

On 8 May 1995, Riverdance performed at the Royal Gala 50th Anniversary of VE Day celebrations at the special invitation of Prince Charles. The show attracted a television audience of 20 million, introducing Riverdance to a whole new set of fans.[22]

On 5 June 1995, UK video release of Riverdance went straight to the No. 2 position in the UK charts, moving to No. 1 the following week, and holding the No. 1 or No. 2 positions for the next seven months, becoming the all-time best-selling music video in the UK.[21] A day later, Riverdance opened at The Apollo in London for a sell-out four-week run.[23]

On 17 July 1995, Riverdance performed at London's Royal College of Music in the presence of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother, Queen Elizabeth II, and Princess Margaret.[23] Later that month, Riverdance returned, by popular demand, to the Point Theatre for a six-week sell-out run.[23]

Flatley's departure and second London run (October 1995)

Despite the show's growing success, cracks were beginning to appear in the relationship between the producers and lead dancer Michael Flatley. Flatley had choreographed many of the numbers in the multicultural spectacle, but after the show took off, the two parties clashed over salary and royalty fees.[24] At the end of September 1995, a contract dispute arose between Flatley and Riverdance. On 29 September, days before the show was due to reopen for a second sell-out run at The Apollo, Flatley's TV appearances suddenly became focused on rumours that he was about to walk out. Flatley claimed the dispute had nothing to do with money, but rather creative control of his own choreography. No contract was ever signed—despite media reports indicating he had—because Flatley and his management would not agree to terms. Negotiations reached a stalemate by 2 October,[25] and with 21 hours to go before the show's opening, Doherty opted to sack her star, replacing him with Colin Dunne, nine-times World Irish Dancing Champion.[26] Dunne, who had only just joined the cast and creative team of Riverdance, was initially invited to choreograph and perform the newly commissioned number "Trading Taps" with Tarik Winston.[27] To make matters worse for the producers, Jean Butler turned up days before opening night with her leg in a cast and on crutches, and was unable to perform. As a result, Dunne paired up with original Eurovision troupe member Eileen Martin for the opening night,[28] as they looked to salvage the show and make a name for themselves.[29]

On 3 October, Riverdance opened for another six-week sell-out run at The Apollo. By overwhelming public demand, the run was extended twice, making a box office record of 151 sold out shows at the venue.[23] During this extended period, Riverdance returned to the Royal Variety Performance at Dominion Theatre, where they performed Dunne's choreographed piece "Trading Taps" in the presence of Queen Elizabeth and Prince Philip on 20 November 1995.[30]

New York City (March 1996)

Following phenomenal success in Dublin and London in 1995, Riverdance travelled to the United States for the first time in March 1996.[31] On 13 March, the show opened at the legendary Radio City Music Hall for the first of eight sold-out performances over five days. Costing about $2 million to bring the show from Ireland, Riverdance broke even in its first New York outing.[32]

Continued success in Ireland and London (March–May 1996)

After returning to Ireland and incurring successful runs in Belfast and Cork,[33] Riverdance made their way back to The Apollo in May 1996 for a three and a half month run; the show saw advance box office sales in excess of UK£5m. The show was later extended until the middle of January 1997.[34]

US tour (October 1996 – February 1997)

On 2 October 1996, Riverdance kicked off its US tour at Radio City Music Hall, christening their new US company the Lee (after Cork's main river), while the company continuing to perform in the UK was dubbed the Liffey (after Dublin's main river).[34] After 23 performances at Radio City between 2 October and 20 October, the Lee company moved on to Chicago, Los Angeles and Boston,[32] as well as Detroit and Minneapolis.[33]

Cast departures

A number of cast departures occurred following the halcyon period of early 1996. In September 1996, Anúna left the show,[35] which was followed swiftly by Jean Butler's departure in January 1997.[28][36] Then in June 1998, Colin Dunne left Riverdance to begin work on a new project with Butler – Dancing on Dangerous Ground.[27]

Early 2000s

In March 2000, the show moved to Broadway's Gershwin Theatre and featured lead dancers Pat Roddy and Eileen Martin of the Shannon company, and singers Brian Kennedy and Tsidii Le Loka.[37][38] Colin Dunne briefly returned to Riverdance in July 2002 to perform his original choreographed piece "Trading Taps" at New York City's One World Jam at Radio City Music Hall.[39][40] In June 2003, Breandán de Gallaí and Joanne Doyle featured as the lead dancers at the Opening Ceremony of the 2003 Special Olympics in Dublin. The Opening Ceremony performance also featured the longest troupe line ever seen in an Irish dance show, with over 100 dancers.[41]

Legacy
Riverdance cast at the Gaiety Theatre, Dublin, 2019.

Riverdance continues to be performed all over the world, in a diminished format and in smaller venues. Current productions are geared towards smaller theatres, whereas past productions have been performed in large theatres and arenas. Sets have therefore been simplified and some numbers contain fewer performers than in past productions (such as those seen on the Live from New York City (1996) and Live from Geneva (2002) DVDs). Each production company is named after an Irish river: Liffey, Lee, Lagan, Avoca, Shannon, Boyne, Corrib, Foyle, Moy and Bann.[42]

On 21 July 2013, a record was set when a line of 1,693 dancers from 44 countries danced to Riverdance on a bridge overlooking the River Liffey, led by Jean Butler and Padraic Moyles.[43]

Animated film

In February 2020, an animated feature film inspired by Riverdance was announced. The film is being produced by River Productions and Aniventure, and is being created by visual effects and animation studio Cinesite, in Montreal.[44][45][46][47]

Dance numbers and songs performed
Riverdance songs and dance numbers from the four live recordings of the show
Riverdance: The Show (1995)
Michael Flatley & Jean Butler		 Riverdance: Live From New York City (1996)
Colin Dunne & Jean Butler		 Riverdance: Live From Geneva (2002)
Breandán de Gallaí & Joanne Doyle		 Riverdance: Live From Beijing (2010)
Padraic Moyles & Aislinn Ryan
  1. Reel Around the Sun
  2. The Heart's Cry
  3. Countess Cathleen – Women of the Sidhe
  4. Caoineadh Chú Chulainn
  5. Distant Thunder
  6. Firedance
  7. Cloudsong
  8. Riverdance
  9. Lift the Wings
  10. Freedom
  11. Harlem to Hollywood
  12. Andalucía
  13. Macedonian Morning
  14. Marta's Dance – The Russian Dervish
  15. Hope to the Suffering
  16. Michael Flatley Flute Solo – Whispering Winds
  17. Home and the Heartland
  18. Heartland
  19. Riverdance International
  1. Reel Around the Sun
  2. The Heart's Cry
  3. Countess Cathleen – Women of the Sidhe
  4. Caoineadh Chú Chulainn
  5. Thunderstorm
  6. Firedance
  7. Slip into Spring – The Harvest
  8. Cloudsong
  9. Riverdance
  10. American Wake (The Nova Scotia Set)
  11. Lift the Wings
  12. Heal Their Hearts – Freedom
  13. Trading Taps
  14. Marta's Dance – The Russian Dervish
  15. Oscail An Doras
  16. Heartbeat of the World
  17. Homecoming
  18. Home and the Heartland
  19. Heartland
  20. Riverdance International
  1. Reel Around the Sun
  2. The Heart's Cry
  3. Countess Cathleen – Women of the Sidhe
  4. Caoineadh Chú Chulainn
  5. Thunderstorm
  6. Shivna
  7. Firedance
  8. Slip into Spring – The Harvest
  9. Cloudsong
  10. Riverdance
  11. American Wake (The Nova Scotia Set)
  12. Lift the Wings
  13. Heal Their Hearts – Freedom
  14. Trading Taps
  15. Macedonian Morning
  16. Marta's Dance – The Russian Dervish
  17. Andalucía
  18. Rí Rá (Oscail An Doras)
  19. Slow Air / The Tunes
  20. Home and the Heartland
  21. Heartland
  22. Finale / Riverdance International
  1. Reel Around the Sun
  2. The Heart's Cry
  3. Countess Cathleen – Women of the Sidhe
  4. Caoineadh Chú Chulainn
  5. Thunderstorm
  6. Shivna
  7. Firedance
  8. Slip into Spring – The Harvest
  9. Cloudsong
  10. Riverdance
  11. American Wake (The Nova Scotia Set)
  12. Lift the Wings
  13. Heal Their Hearts – Freedom
  14. Trading Taps
  15. Marta's Dance – The Russian Dervish
  16. Rí Rá (Oscail An Doras)
  17. Andalucía
  18. Slow Air / The Tunes
  19. Heartland
  20. Finale / Riverdance International

Notable lead dancers

Other notable dancers
  • María Pagés (flamenco dancer)
  • Yolanda González Sobrado (flamenco dancer)
  • Tarik Winston (Trading Taps)
  • Walter "Sundance" Freeman (Trading Taps)

Musicians

In the spirit of traditional sessions, the musicians play on stage without sheet music.[48]

Recordings

CD

VHS
  • Riverdance: The Show (1995)

DVD
  • Riverdance: A Journey (1996)[49]:92
  • Riverdance: Live From New York City (1996)
  • Riverdance: Live From Geneva (2002)
  • Riverdance: The Documentary 10 Years (2005)
  • The Best Of Riverdance (2005)
  • Riverdance: Live From Beijing (2010)
  • Riverdance: The Collection [5 DVD Set] (2010)
gollark: Not yet, sadly.
gollark: And watch as it can't do anywhere near as much as your *actual computer*.
gollark: If you don't want that... make your own computer out of a microcontroller and simple-to-interface-with display, I guess?
gollark: Computers are very general-purpose now and do a lot of abstraction.
gollark: I don't think there's much which can be done about that.

See also

References
  1. Hayes, Cathy (29 January 2015). "Amazing facts about the Irish dance phenomenon "Riverdance"". IrishCentral.com. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
  2. "Ceolas Profile: Planxty". Ceolas.org. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
  3. Ó Cinnéide, Barra (2002). Riverdance: The Phenomenon. Ireland: Blackhall Publishing. ISBN 1-901657-90-6.
  4. O'Toole, Leagues (2006). The Humours of Planxty. Ireland: Hodder & Stoughton. pp. 296–299. ISBN 0-340-83796-9.
  5. "Riverdance Unveiled at Eurovision in Dublin 1994". RTE.ie. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
  6. Bortoli, Natalie (30 June 1997). "THE MARKETING 100: 'RIVERDANCE': MOYA DOHERTY". AdAge.com. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
  7. "MR riverdance steps up a gear". Independent.ie. 25 March 2013. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
  8. Davies, Luke (15 November 2014). "10 of the most memorable interval acts". JustAnotherLight.com. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
  9. Granger, Anthony (22 March 2015). "Eurovision's Greatest Hits: Riverdance To Perform". Eurovoix.com. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
  10. Dempsey, James (21 May 2015). "From worst to Riverdance: A comprehensive ranking of Ireland's Eurovision interval acts". NewsTalk.com. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
  11. Warren, Jane (23 August 2014). "What became of the Riverdance Queen? Jean Butler explains why she left the limelight". Express.co.uk. Archived from the original on 9 July 2017. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
  12. "Riverdance the Single on Discogs". discogs.com. May 2019. Retrieved 7 March 2019.
  13. RTÉ Archives (30 April 1994). "Riverdance Unveiled at Eurovision in Dublin 1994". rte.ie. Retrieved 7 March 2019.
  14. Brinn, David (9 August 2011). "Sailing with the 'Riverdance' of life". JPost.com. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
  15. Myers, Justin (19 July 2018). "The history of the Official Irish Charts". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 18 November 2018.
  16. "Top 20 of All Time". Irishcharts.ie. Irish Recorded Music Association. Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
  17. "Riverdance for Rwanda released on 11 August 1994". Riverdance.com. 11 August 2014. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
  18. "Riverdance for Rwanda". CelticCafe.com. 19 August 1994. Retrieved 7 March 2012.
  19. "1994". Riverdance.com. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
  20. "Riverdance at Royal Variety Performance 28 November 1994". Riverdance.com. 20 November 2014. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
  21. "1995". Riverdance.com. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
  22. O'Reilly, Jo (23 March 2016). "Twenty one stomping facts about the Riverdance phenomenon". IrishPost.co.uk. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
  23. "1995". Riverdance.com. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
  24. Hartigan, Patti (27 May 1997). "Lord of 'Lord of the Dance' gives his side of the story". BaltimoreSun.com. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
  25. "Michael Flatley's very last dance". Independent.ie. 26 June 1998. Retrieved 21 July 2013.
  26. Sweet, Matthew (24 November 1996). "ARTS: EXTRACTING THE MICHAEL". Independent.co.uk. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
  27. "Biography". ColinDunne.com. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
  28. Looseleaf, Victoria (9 April 1998). "Stepping Into a Dream". LATimes.com. Retrieved 2 June 2015.
  29. Riverdance (2005). Riverdance – The Ten Years (Documentary). Tyrone Productions.
  30. "Trading Taps at the Royal Variety Performance 20 November 1995". Riverdance.com. 20 November 2014. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
  31. Kisselgoff, Anna (15 March 1996). "DANCE REVIEW;Irish Steps and Their Kin". NYTimes.com. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
  32. Marks, Peter (21 June 1996). "On Stage, and Off". NYTimes.com. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
  33. "1995 to 1998 : cities performed". Riverdance.com. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
  34. "1996". Riverdance.com. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
  35. "Anúna". CelticCafe.com. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
  36. O'Sullivan, Kevin (26 October 1999). "Riverprancer; JEAN BUTLER LIFTS THE LID ON LIFE WITH RIVERDANCE CO-STAR MICHAEL FLATLEY". The Mirror. Retrieved 9 July 2017. But two years ago she followed in Flatley's high-kicking footsteps and suddenly quit.
  37. Dunning, Jennifer (17 March 2000). "DANCE REVIEW; With Fast Feet and Fiddles, An Irish Perennial Returns". NYTimes.com. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
  38. "Broadway Opening Night 2000". Riverdance.com. 17 March 2000. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
  39. "Walter Sundance Freeman and Colin Dunne at Radio City Music Hall". YouTube.com. 10 October 2012. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
  40. "Colin Dunne joins Riverdance for One World Jam in Radio City Music Hall". Riverdance.com. 1 July 2002. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
  41. "Riverdance at the Opening Ceremony of the Special Olympics, Dublin 2003". YouTube.com. 26 November 2010. Retrieved 2 June 2015.
  42. "FAQ". Riverdance.com. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
  43. "Riverdance World Record longest line 21 July 2013". YouTube.com. 21 July 2013. Retrieved 4 September 2017.
  44. "Riverdance animated movie coming soon". irishcentral.com. 18 February 2020.
  45. Barraclough, Leo (8 February 2016). "Cinesite to Produce Nine Animated Movies in Montreal in Five Years". Variety.
  46. Fahy, Olivia (11 February 2020). "OMG! There's a Riverdance animated movie on the way". EVOKE.ie. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
  47. "Riverdance to be made into an animated film". animationtoday.net. 3 March 2020.
  48. Jarlath Regan (18 August 2019). "The Riverdance Episode: Episode 309". An Irishman Abroad (Podcast) (309 ed.). SoundCloud. Retrieved 19 August 2019.
  49. Brown, David (2007). God and Grace of Body: Sacrament in Ordinary. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 92. ISBN 978-0-19-959996-7.
Preceded by
Johnny Logan		 Eurovision Song Contest
Final Interval act
1994		 Succeeded by
Mícheál Ó Súilleabháin
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