Reticuline

Reticuline is a chemical compound found in a variety of plants including Lindera aggregata,[1] Annona squamosa,[2] and Ocotea fasciculata (also known as Ocotea duckei).[3] It is based on the benzylisoquinoline structure.

Reticuline
Names
IUPAC name
(1S)-1-[(3-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]-6-methoxy-2-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinolin-7-ol
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.006.920
Properties
C19H23NO4
Molar mass 329.396 g·mol−1
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Reticuline is one of the alkaloids found in opium, and experiments in rodents suggest it possesses potent central nervous system depressing effects.[3] It is the precursor of morphine and many other alkaloids.It is also toxic to dopaminergic neurons causing a form of atypical parkinsonism known as Guadeloupean Parkinsonism.[4]

Metabolism

3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase uses S-adenosyl methionine and 3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine to produce S-adenosylhomocysteine and (S)-reticuline.

Reticuline oxidase uses (S)-reticuline and O2 to produce (S)-scoulerine and H2O2.

Salutaridine synthase uses (R)-reticuline, NADPH, H+, and O2 to produce salutaridine, NADP+, and H2O. Salutaridine can then be transformed progressively to thebaine, oripavine, and morphine.

1,2-dehydroreticulinium reductase (NADPH) uses (R)-reticuline and NADP+ to produce 1,2-dehydroreticulinium, NADPH, and H+.

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References
  1. Han, Zheng; Zheng, Yunliang; Chen, Na; Luan, Lianjun; Zhou, Changxin; Gan, Lishe; Wu, Yongjiang (2008). "Simultaneous determination of four alkaloids in Lindera aggregata by ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry". Journal of Chromatography A. 1212 (1–2): 76–81. doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2008.10.017. PMID 18951552.
  2. Dholvitayakhun, Achara; Trachoo, Nathanon; Sakee, Uthai; et al. (2013). "Potential applications for Annona squamosa leaf extract in the treatment and prevention of foodborne bacterial disease". Natural Product Communications. 8 (3): 385–388. doi:10.1177/1934578X1300800327. PMID 23678817.
  3. de Morais, Liana Clébia Soares Lima; Barbosa-Filho, José Maria; de Almeida, Reinaldo Nóbrega (1998). "Central depressant effects of reticuline extracted from Ocotea duckei in rats and mice". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 62 (1): 57–61. doi:10.1016/S0378-8741(98)00044-0. PMID 9720612.
  4. Bradley's neurology in clinical practice. Daroff, Robert B.,, Jankovic, Joseph,, Mazziotta, John C.,, Pomeroy, Scott Loren,, Bradley, W. G. (Walter George) (Seventh ed.). London. 2015-10-25. ISBN 9780323339162. OCLC 932031625.CS1 maint: others (link)

The dictionary definition of reticuline at Wiktionary

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