Harrow School

Harrow School (/ˈhæroʊ/)[1] is an independent school for boys in Harrow, London, England.[2] The School was founded in 1572 by John Lyon under a Royal Charter of Queen Elizabeth I. Harrow has three terms per academic year (2017/18).[3] Harrow is the fourth most expensive boarding school in the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference.[4] Harrow's history and influence have made Harrow one of the most prestigious schools in the world.[5][6][7]

Harrow School
The Old Schools photographed in 2013
Address
Harrow School
Harrow School
Harrow School
Harrow School
5 High Street, Harrow on the Hill

London Borough of Harrow
,
London
,
HA1 3HP

England
Coordinates51°34′21″N 00°20′06″W
Information
TypePublic school
Independent school
Boarding school
MottoesLatin: Stet Fortuna Domus
(Let the Fortune of the House Stand)
Latin: Donorum Dei Dispensatio Fidelis
(The Faithful Dispensation of the Gifts of God)
Religious affiliation(s)Anglicanism
Established1572 (1572) (Royal Charter)
FounderJohn Lyon of Preston
Department for Education URN102245 Tables
Chairman of the GovernorsJ P Batting
Head MasterAlastair Land
Staff~200 (full-time)
GenderMale
Age13 to 18
Enrolment~800 pupils
Houses12
Colour(s)Blue and white
PublicationThe Harrovian
School fees£41,775
Former pupilsOld Harrovians
BadgesThe Harrow Lion
The Silver Arrow
Websitewww.harrowschool.org.uk

The school has an enrolment of 829 boys all of whom board full-time, in twelve boarding houses.[8] It remains one of four all-boys, full-boarding schools in Britain, the others being Eton, Radley and Winchester.[9] Harrow's uniform includes morning suits, straw boater hats, top hats and canes. Its alumni include eight former British or Indian Prime Ministers (including Peel, Palmerston, Baldwin, Churchill and Nehru), foreign politicians, former and current members of both houses of the UK Parliament, five kings and several other members of various royal families, three Nobel Prize winners, twenty Victoria Cross and one George Cross holders, and many figures in the arts and sciences.

History
The original Old Schools at background, as they were in 1615

The school was founded in February 1572 under a Royal Charter granted by Queen Elizabeth I to John Lyon, a wealthy local farmer.[10] The Charter described this as a re-endowment, and there is some evidence of a grammar school at Harrow in the mid-16th century, but its location and connection with Lyon's foundation are unclear.[11] Evidence for earlier schools, possibly connected with the chantry of St Mary (established in 1324), is weak.[12] In the original charter, six governors were named, including two members of the Gerard family of Flambards, and two members of the Page family of Wembley and Sudbury Court.[13]

Speech Room in 1900

Lyon died in 1592, leaving his assets to two causes: the lesser was the School, and by far the greater beneficiary was the maintenance of a road to London, 10 miles (16 km) away. The school owned and maintained this road for many years following Lyon's death, and the whole school still runs along this 10-mile road in an event called "Long Ducker" every November, whilst some 6th formers opt to do 20 miles – to and from the Albert Memorial in London.

It was only after the death of Lyon's wife in 1608 that the construction of the first school building began. It was completed in 1615 and remains to this day, however it is now much larger. At first the primary subject taught was Latin, and the only sport was archery. Both subjects were compulsory; archery was dropped in 1771.[14]

Although most boys were taught for free, their tuition paid for by Lyon's endowment, there were a number of fee-paying "foreigners" (boys from outside the parish). It was their presence that amplified the need for boarding facilities. By 1701 for every local there were two "foreign" pupils; these generated funds for the School as fees increased. By 1876 the ratio was so high that John Lyon Lower School was brought under the authority of the governors of the Upper School so that the School complied with its object of providing education for the boys of the parish. It is now known as The John Lyon School and is a prominent independent school. It maintains close links with Harrow.[10] The majority of the school's boarding houses were constructed in Victorian times, when the number of boys increased dramatically.[15] Between 1872 and 1877, a Speech Room was constructed to the designs of William Burges. The structure is a Grade II* listed building.[16]

The school war memorial, designed by Sir Robert Lorimer, was erected in 1917, marking the already substantial loss of former pupils by that stage of the First World War.[17]

The 20th century saw the innovation of a central dining hall, the demolition of small houses and further modernisation of the curriculum. Currently there are about 850 boys boarding at Harrow.[18]

Cartel

In 2005, the school was one of fifty of the country's leading independent schools which were found guilty of running an illegal price-fixing cartel, exposed by The Times, which had allowed them to drive up fees for thousands of parents, although the schools said that they had not realised that the change to the law (which had happened only a few months earlier) about the sharing of information had subsequently made it an offence.[19] Each school was required to pay a nominal penalty of £10,000 and all agreed to make ex-gratia payments totalling £3,000,000 into a trust designed to benefit pupils who attended the schools during the period in respect of which fee information was shared.[20] Jean Scott, the head of the Independent Schools Council, said that independent schools had always been exempt from anti-cartel rules applied to business, were following a long-established procedure in sharing the information with each other, and that they were unaware of the change to the law (on which they had not been consulted).[21]

Overseas

Harrow has expanded overseas, opening additional schools in Beijing, China (Harrow International School Beijing); Shanghai, China (Harrow International School Shanghai), Bangkok, Thailand (Harrow International School, Bangkok); and New Territories, Hong Kong (Harrow International School Hong Kong).[22]

School traditions

Uniform
House name and Colours[8]
Bradbys – Purple and White (DJE)        
Druries – Red and Black (BTM)        
Elmfield – Purple and Black (AJC)        
Gayton – (over-spill house) (NSK)
The Grove – Red and Blue (CST)        
The Headmaster's – Pink and White (CTP)        
The Knoll – Gold and Black (CO)        
Lyon's – Green and Black (NJM)        
Moretons – White and Blue (RSMJ)        
Newlands – Yellow and White (EWH)        
The Park – Red and White (BJDS)        
Rendalls – Magenta and Silver (SNT)        
West Acre – Red, White and Blue (JLR)            

Boys at Harrow have two uniforms. Everyday dress, worn to most lessons, consists of a white shirt, black polyester tie, light grey trousers known as "greyers", black shoes, an optional blue jumper (sweater), a dark blue woollen uniform jacket known as a "bluer", the option of the School blue and white scarf and dark blue woollen overcoat similar to the bluer on cold days and the Harrow Hat, often erroneously called a boater, made of varnished straw with a dark blue band. Variations include boys who are monitors who are allowed to wear a jumper of their choice, and members of certain societies who may earn the right to replace the standard school tie with one of a variety of scarves, cravats, neck and bow ties.[23]

Sunday dress, which is worn every Sunday up to lunch and on special occasions such as Speech Day and songs, consists of black tailcoats, morning trousers, a white shirt, a black tie, and a black single breasted waistcoat. Boys with sports colours may wear a grey double breasted waistcoat; members of the Guild may wear maroon double breasted waistcoats with maroon bowties; members of the Philathletic Club may wear black bowties alongside grey double breasted waistcoats; school monitors may wear black double breasted waistcoats, a top hat and carry canes.

The Harrow uniform achieved fame in the mid-20th century when a 1937 photograph of two Harrovians in formal dress wear being watched by three working-class boys was taken outside Lord's Cricket Ground. The photograph was placed on the front cover of the News Chronicle (now absorbed into the Daily Mail) the next morning under the tagline "Every picture tells a story". The picture was soon reproduced in other national publications and became, and remains, one of the most popular symbols of the class divide in the United Kingdom.[24]

Sport
Football team of 1867
Cricket team of 1868
Football match at the School footer field, painted by Thomas M. Henry
Tennis courts include acrylic, hard and synthetic lawn surfaces

The sport squash (originally called 'Squasher') was invented in Harrow out of the game rackets around 1830.[25][26][27] It spread to other schools and eventually becoming an international sport.

An annual cricket match has taken place between Harrow and Eton College at Lord's Cricket Ground since 1805. It is considered to be the longest-running cricket fixture in the world[28] and is the oldest fixture at Lord's (see: Eton v Harrow). Eton won the match in 2013, and Harrow in 2014 and 2015.

Harrow has its own unique style of football called Harrow Football.[29]

School houses

Harrow School divides its pupils, who are all boarders, into twelve Houses, each of about seventy boys, with a thirteenth house, Gayton, used as an overflow. Each House has its own facilities, customs and traditions, and each competes in sporting events against the others.

Until the 1950s there existed what were known as 'small houses' where only 5–10 boys stayed at one time while they waited for a space in a large house to become available (hence the use of the term large house in this article). A twelfth large house, Lyon's, was built in 2010.[8]

House Masters, Deputy House Masters and their families live in the boarding Houses and are assisted by House Tutors appointed from the teaching staff. Every House has a residential House Tutor, who may or may not also be the Deputy House Master. The House Master oversees the welfare of every boy in his care; for parents he is the main point of contact with the School.[8]

Each House has a resident matron, and sick room. The matrons are supported by the School's Medical Centre where trained nursing staff offer round the clock care. The medical centre is under the direct supervision of the school doctor who is available on the Hill every day for consultation.[8]

There are no dormitories: a boy shares his room for the first three to six terms and thereafter has a room to himself.[8]

Media coverage
Main article: Harrow: A Very British School

Harrow was featured in a Sky 1 documentary series entitled Harrow: A Very British School in 2013.

In February 2016, the actor Laurence Fox claimed Harrow threatened legal action to prevent him discussing the racism, homophobia and bullying he allegedly encountered as a pupil at the school.[30]

Old Harrovians
Main article: List of Old Harrovians
A modern view from the library to the Old Schools, one of the sets of the Harry Potter films

Harrow alumni are known as Old Harrovians, they include seven former British prime ministers including Winston Churchill and Robert Peel and the first Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru. Twenty Old Harrovians have been awarded the Victoria Cross and one the George Cross.[31]

The School has educated five monarchs: King Hussein of Jordan, both Kings of Iraq, Ghazi I and his son Faisal II, the current Emir of Qatar Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani and Ali bin Hamud of Zanzibar.

Harrow is one of the few schools in the UK to have educated several Nobel laureates: John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1904; John Galsworthy, winner of the 1932 Nobel Prize in Literature; and Winston Churchill, who also received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1953.

Other alumni include writers Lord Byron, Sir Terence Rattigan, Simon Sebag-Montefiore, and Richard Curtis, the 6th Duke of Westminster and the prominent reformist Lord Shaftesbury and business people (including DeBeers chairman Nicky Oppenheimer, Pret a Manger founder Julian Metcalfe) and the big game hunter and artist General Douglas Hamilton, as well as Island Records founder Chris Blackwell. In sports, the school produced the first two Wimbledon champions (Spencer Gore and Frank Hadow) as well as FA Cup founder C.W. Alcock and current England rugby international players Billy Vunipola and Maro Itoje. Alumni in the arts and media industry include actors Benedict Cumberbatch and Cary Elwes, photographer Count Nikolai von Bismarck, singer James Blunt, pianist James Rhodes, and horse racing pundit John McCririck. Margaret Thatcher sent her son, Mark, to Harrow.

Fictional characters who have attended Harrow include Brett Sinclair of the TV series The Persuaders!, Withnail and Uncle Monty from the film Withnail & I, Matthew Pocket from Charles Dickens's novel, Great Expectations, and Geoffrey Charles Poldark from Poldark.

Notable staff
Caricature of the Rev. Joseph Wood DD, Headmaster at Harrow (1898–1910) by George Algernon Fothergill ("GAF")
Caption reads: "Harrow"
  • David Elleray (born 1954): retired Premier League and FIFA-listed referee, former Druries Housemaster and Head of Geography
  • Robert Key (born 1945): Politician
  • Herbert Marchant (1906–1990): Bletchley Park alumnus and diplomat
  • James Morwood (1943–2017): Classical scholar
  • John Rae (1931–2006): Educator and controversialist
  • Douglas Miller Reid FRSE FLS FZS (1897–1959) biology teacher at Harrow 1921 to 1953, noted botanical author
  • MC Nokes MC (1897–1986) : soldier, airman, Olympic medallist and nuclear scientist; a chemistry master at Harrow from 1946 to 1957, latterly a house master and also Head of Science.
  • I. M. B. Stuart (1902–1969) : Writer and broadcaster
  • Sir Reginald Thatcher (1888–1975), composer and Principal of the Royal Academy of Music, former director of music at the school
  • Roger Uttley (born 1949): retired England Rugby Captain and British Lions Rugby Player (1974 tour), former head of physical education and 1st XV coach.
  • Ronald Watkins (1904–2001) Broadcaster and Shakespeare scholar
  • Joe Ansbro (born 1985) International Rugby player for Scotland

Head Masters

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See also

References
  1. Wells, John C. (2008), Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.), Longman, p. 368, ISBN 9781405881180
  2. "Harrow school threatens to drop A-levels". The Guardian. London. 31 October 2006. Retrieved 22 July 2010.
  3. http://www.harrowschool.org.uk/Fees-and-Deposits
  4. http://www.privateschoolfees.co.uk/uploads/1/1/2/4/11247026/boarding_fees_2015_2016.pdf
  5. https://www.msn.com/en-gb/money/careersandeducation/the-worlds-most-elite-boarding-schools/ss-BBozy2a?li=BBoPMmp#image=26
  6. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/education-and-careers/0/worlds-exclusive-boarding-schools/
  7. https://world-schools.com/the-best-boarding-schools-in-the-world/
  8. "Houses". Harrow School. Archived from the original on 13 February 2010. Retrieved 10 October 2009.
  9. Rae, John (18 April 2009). "The Old Boys' Network". The Spectator. London. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 30 August 2011.
  10. Cockburn, J. S.; King, H. P. F.; McDonnell, K. G. T., eds. (1969). "Schools: Harrow School". A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 1, Physique, Archaeology, Domesday, Ecclesiastical Organization, the Jews, Religious Houses, Education of Working Classes To 1870, Private Education From Sixteenth Century. London: Victoria County History. pp. 299–302 – via British History Online.
  11. Tyerman, Christopher (2000). A History of Harrow School. Oxford University Press. pp. 8–11. ISBN 0-19-822796-5.
  12. Tylerman (2000), pp. 13–17.
  13. Harrow School. Edward Arnold, London. 1898. p. 29. Retrieved 5 December 2009. harrow school page family.
  14. "Archery, Romance and Elite Culture in England and Wales, c. 1780–1840".
  15. Tyerman, Christopher (2000). A history of Harrow School. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-822796-5.
  16. Historic England (9 July 1968). "SPEECH ROOM (HARROW SCHOOL), Harrow (1193321)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
  17. Dictionary of Scottish Architects: Robert Lorimer
  18. "Inspection Report on Harrow School". Reports. Independent Schools Inspectorate. October 2006. Archived from the original on 20 March 2008. Retrieved 11 January 2008.
  19. Halpin, Tony (10 November 2005). "Independent schools face huge fines over cartel to fix fees". The Times. London. Retrieved 4 May 2010.
  20. "OFT names further trustees as part of the independent schools settlement". Office of Fair Trading (archived on nationalarchives.org.uk). 21 December 2006. Archived from the original on 2 April 2014.
  21. "Private schools send papers to fee-fixing inquiry". The Daily Telegraph. London. 3 January 2004. Retrieved 15 March 2010.
  22. "Harrow International School, (Beijing)". Harrow Beijing. Retrieved 9 October 2009.
  23. "Harrow Terminology". Tradition. Harrow School. Archived from the original on 13 February 2010. Retrieved 9 October 2009.
  24. Jack, Ian (23 March 2010). "The photograph that defined the class divide". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 4 May 2010.
  25. "History of squash". squashplayer.co.uk. Retrieved 5 June 2010.
  26. "History". worldsquash.org.uk. Archived from the original on 10 November 2010. Retrieved 5 June 2010.
  27. "History of squash". talksquash.co.uk. Archived from the original on 29 September 2010. Retrieved 5 June 2010.
  28. "The oldest fixture of them all". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 5 June 2010.
  29. "Harrow Football: The Game". Tradition. Harrow School. Archived from the original on 17 February 2010. Retrieved 9 October 2009.
  30. Leon Watson (23 February 2016). "Laurence Fox: Harrow tried to silence me over racism, homophobia and bullying". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 23 February 2016.
  31. "History of the School". Harrow School. Archived from the original on 20 September 2008. Retrieved 10 October 2009.
  32. Kelly's Handbook to the Titled, Landed & Official Classes, Vol. 38 (Kelly's Directories, 1912), p. 1,838

Further reading
  • Rimmer, Rambles round Eton and Harrow, (London, 1882)
  • Thornton, Harrow School and its Surroundings, (London, 1885)
  • Harrow School Register, 1801–93, (London, 1894)
  • Minchin, Old Harrow Days, (London, 1898)
  • Williams, Harrow, (London, 1901)
  • Archibald Fox, Harrow, (London, 1911)
  • G. T. Warner, Harrow in Prose and Verse, (London, 1913)
  • Arnold Lunn, The Harrovians, (London, 1913) ISBN 1-4538-0948-1
  • Christopher Tyerman, A History of Harrow School 1324–1991 (Oxford, 2000) ISBN 0-19-822796-5
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