Remembrance of Earth's Past

Remembrance of Earth's Past (Chinese: 地球往事; pinyin: Dìqiú Wǎngshì; lit.: 'Earth's Past') is a science fiction trilogy by the Chinese writer Liu Cixin, but Chinese readers generally refer to the series by the title of its first novel, The Three-Body Problem (Chinese: 三体; pinyin: Sān Tǐ; lit.: 'Three-Body').[2]

Remembrance of Earth's Past

United States edition book covers by Tor Books. United Kingdom book covers have slightly different designs.
The Three-Body Problem The Dark Forest Death's End The Redemption of Time (authored by Baoshu)
Author	Liu Cixin
Original title	地球往事
Translator	Ken Liu (books 1 and 3) Joel Martinsen (book 2)
Country	China
Language	Mandarin Chinese
Genre	Hard science fiction
Publisher	Chongqing Publishing Group (Chinese edition) ^UK Head of Zeus Ltd ^US Tor Books
Published	May 2008 – November 2010 (original trilogy) 2011 (fanfiction spin-off)
Published in English	November 11, 2014 – September 19, 2016 (original trilogy) July 16, 2019 (spin-off)
Media type	Print (hardcover & paperback)[1] Audiobook e-Book
No. of books	4 (including one spin-off)

Remembrance of Earth's Past
Simplified Chinese	地球往事
Traditional Chinese	地球往事
Literal meaning	Earth's Past
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Dìqiú wǎngshì
Alternative Chinese name
Simplified Chinese	三体
Traditional Chinese	三體
Literal meaning	Three-Bodies
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Sān Tǐ

Books

Original trilogy

The books in the Remembrance of Earth's Past trilogy are:[3]

• The Three-Body Problem (三体), 2006; English translation by Ken Liu published by Tor Books on November 11, 2014.[4] Also known in Chinese as "三体I"
• The Dark Forest (黑暗森林), 2008; English translation by Joel Martinsen published by Tor Books on August 11, 2015.[4] Also known in Chinese as "三体II"
• Death's End (死神永生), November 2010; English translation by Ken Liu published by Tor Books on September 20, 2016[4] (September 19 in digital stores).[5] Also known in Chinese as "三体III"

Extended series

• The Redemption of Time (观想之宙), originally posted to an internet forum as fan fiction in 2010 by Li Jun writing as Baoshu, that was later published by Chongqing Press, the original trilogy publisher, with the permission of Cixin Liu in 2011, as Three-Body X: Aeon of Contemplation (Chinese: 三体X·观想之宙; pinyin: Sān Tǐ X · Guān Xiǎng Zhī Zhòu). It was translated by Ken Liu into English for Tor Books and published on July 16, 2019 as The Redemption of Time.[6]

Science fiction concepts

Sophons

See also: String theory and Quantum entanglement

Sophons are eleven-dimensional protons generated with Trisolaran particle accelerators. Placed into the 2nd dimension, they are embedded with circuitry to create a supercomputer, and when viewed in 3 dimensional space are typically the size of a proton though they can switch dimensions to change sizes in 3-dimensional space. They can visually record anything and thus their secondary purpose is to act as surveillance devices, beaming the information they gather back to another sophon instantaneously via quantum entanglement. Their primary purpose for their Trisolaran manufacturers is to disrupt Earth's particle accelerators, capable of straying into the paths of fired particles and scrambling the results of experiments before re-assembling, effectively blocking advancement of the science. Since they can move through three-dimensional space at the speed of light, a single sophon is capable of disrupting all of Earth's particle accelerators.

Droplets

See also: Interstellar space probe and Strong interaction

Trisolaran space probes covered in a strong interaction force material. Due to this material, they are stronger than any material in the solar system and thus are impervious to any physical attack. Their propulsion system is capable of moving in any direction in 3D space. Seemingly unaffected by inertia, they can make sudden impossible turns, and their primary method of attack is to simply smash through objects.

Curvature Propulsion

See also: Alcubierre drive

Simplified in a demonstration as a piece of soap attached to a paper boat on water, with the soap reducing the water tension at its end, and the water tension disparity propelling the boat. Traveling through previous paths slows the boat down due a decreased surface tension. Curvature Propulsion is a method of light speed travel that utilizes the same concept, via reducing the speed of light it is possible to drag a ship through space at light speed, while its wake is a reduced light-speed region of space.

Hibernation

See also: Cryonics and Suspended animation in fiction

Humanity by the time of the Dark Forest has developed cryogenic technology, capable of preserving a human life, unaging, for hundreds of years bar certain genetic disorders. Initially, it is viewed as a sign of inequality before it is fully developed, viewed as a way for the rich to simply skip through the centuries to eras of more advanced technology, peace, and human development. With the advent of the Trisolarian invasion, however, it becomes a near-worthless technology in terms of demand, as people prefer to die naturally in a world still free from Trisolaris rather than skip ahead to doomsday. Because of this, only researchers and certain high-value staff make use of cryogenics to skip through time.

Cosmic sociology

See also: Game theory and Fermi paradox

The study of theoretical interactions between cosmic civilizations. This area of study is first proposed by the character Ye Wenje in conversation with future Wallfacer Luo Ji. Ye Wenje proposes two axioms of cosmic sociology: "First: Survival is the primary need of civilization. Second: Civilization continuously grows and expands, but the total matter in the universe remains constant."[7] After becoming a Wallfacer, Luo Ji uses the axioms provided by Ye Wenje to invent the dark forest theory of the universe and the idea of dark forest deterrence to stop the Trisolarian invasion.[8]

Cinematic adaptations

The Three-Body Problem (Chinese: 三体) is a postponed Chinese science fiction 3D film[9] in-progress, adapted from The Three-Body Problem series by Liu Cixin, directed by Fanfan Zhang, and starring Feng Shaofeng and Zhang Jingchu.[10][11][12]

Influences

The series is described in the New Yorker as having hobbesian underpinnings and as a metaphor for China-United States relations. Cixin himself, however, has resisted such comparisons, declaring : "The whole point is to escape the real world!"[13]

References

1. "The Three-Body Problem (Remembrance of Earth's Past Book 1". Amazon.com. Retrieved September 5, 2019.
2. Liu, Cixin (7 May 2014). "The Worst of All Possible Universes and the Best of All Possible Earths: Three Body and Chinese Science Fiction". Tor.com. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
3. "Three-Body Introduction". Archived from the original on 2015-03-03.
4. Liu, Ken. "Three Body". Retrieved September 5, 2019.
5. Liu, Cixin. "Death's End". Google Play. Macmillan. Retrieved September 5, 2019.
6. Andrew Liptak (19 October 2018). "How a fan fiction for Cixin Liu's Three-Body Problem became an official novel". The Verge.
7. Liu, Cixin (2019). The Dark Forest. Translated by Martinsen, Joel. New York: Tor Books. p. 13. ISBN 978-0-7653-8669-4.
8. Liu, Cixin (2019). The Dark Forest. Translated by Martinsen, Joel. New York: Tor Books. pp. 479–512. ISBN 978-0-7653-8669-4.
9. "三体 的海报". movie.douban.com (in Chinese). douban.com. Retrieved June 10, 2015.
10. "三体 (2017)". movie.douban.com (in Chinese). douban.com. Retrieved June 24, 2016.
11. "三体 (2017)". movie.mtime.com (in Chinese). Mtime.com Inc. Retrieved June 24, 2016.
12. CaixinOnline (June 23, 2016). "Premiere of Film based on Acclaimed Sci-fi Novel 'The Three-Body Problem' Pushed Back until 2017". english.entgroup.cn. Retrieved June 24, 2015.
13. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/06/24/liu-cixins-war-of-the-worlds

See also

• Hobbesian trap
• Hegemonic stability theory