Raccoon Mountain Pumped-Storage Plant
Raccoon Mountain Pumped-Storage Plant is a pumped-storage hydroelectric underground power station in Marion County, just west of Chattanooga in the U.S. state of Tennessee.
| Raccoon Mountain Pumped-Storage Plant | |
|---|---|
 Tailrace (TN River) of RMPS (TVA photo) | |
  Location of Raccoon Mountain Pumped-Storage Plant in Tennessee | |
| Country | United States |
| Location | Marion County, Tennessee |
| Coordinates | 35°2′54″N 85°23′48″W |
| Purpose | Power |
| Status | Operational |
| Construction began | July 1970[1] |
| Opening date | 1978 |
| Construction cost | $310 million (1978)[2][3] |
| Owner(s) | Tennessee Valley Authority |
| Operator(s) | Tennessee Valley Authority |
| Upper dam and spillways | |
| Type of dam | Embankment dam |
| Height (foundation) | 230 feet (70 m)[4] |
| Length | 8,500 feet (2,600 m)[4] |
| Dam volume | 10,000,000 cubic yards (7,600,000 m3)[1] |
| Upper reservoir | |
| Total capacity | 107,000,000,000 US gallons (4.1×1011 l; 8.9×1010 imp gal)[4] |
| Surface area | 528 acres (214 ha)[4] |
| Maximum water depth | 222 feet (68 m) |
| Normal elevation | 1,672 feet (510 m) |
| Lower dam and spillways | |
| Type of dam | Gravity dam |
| Impounds | Tennessee River[5] |
| Height (foundation) | 81 feet (25 m)[5] |
| Length | 3,767 feet (1,148 m)[5] |
| Elevation at crest | 635.0 feet (193.5 m) |
| Spillways | 10 |
| Spillway type | Radial gate |
| Lower reservoir | |
| Creates | Nickajack Lake[5] |
| Total capacity | 252,297 acre feet (311,204,000 m3) |
| Active capacity | 32,132 acre feet (39,634,000 m3) |
| Catchment area | 21,870 square miles (56,600 km2) |
| Surface area | 10,370 acres (4,200 ha)[5] |
| Maximum water depth | 145 feet (44 m) |
| Normal elevation | 633.5 feet (193.1 m) |
| Power Station | |
| Operator(s) | Tennessee Valley Authority |
| Commission date | 1978 |
| Type | Pumped-storage |
| Hydraulic head | 1,040 feet (320 m) |
| Pump-generators | 4 × 413 MW |
| Installed capacity | 1652 MW |
| Capacity factor | 20%[6] |
| Storage capacity | 22 hours |
| 2017 generation | -686 GW·h |
| Website Raccoon Mountain | |
The facility is owned and operated by the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA). Construction was started in 1970 and was completed in 1978.[7]
Water is pumped from Nickajack Lake on the Tennessee River at the base of Raccoon Mountain to a storage reservoir built at the top of the mountain. The reservoir at the top of the mountain covers 528 acres (214 ha), with a dam that is 230 feet (70 m) high and 5,800 feet (1,800 m) long, the largest rock-fill dam ever built by TVA. It takes 28 hours to fill the upper reservoir. During periods of high electric demand, water can be released from the reservoir through a tunnel drilled through the center of the mountain, driving electric generators in an underground hydroelectric plant.[7] The plant has a maximum power output of 1,652 megawatts (2,215,000 hp) and can generate for up to 22 hours. The plant is used most days and serves as an important element for peak power generation and grid balancing in the TVA system.[8][9]
The plant was idled in March 2012 due to cracks in the generators' rotors. The plant came entirely back on line in April 2014.[10]
Recreation
The facility is a popular recreation spot for hiking, walking, running, road and mountain biking, and is the home of the Raccoon Mountain Marathon, Half Marathon, Double Half and Relay,[11] which attracts runners from all over North America. Raccoon Mountain also hosts the Raccoon Mountain 5K and 10K races held each year.
References
- "TVA - The Mountaintop Marvel". www.tva.gov. Tennessee Valley Authority. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
- "Repairs for Raccoon Mountain pumped-storage hydro facility pass $50 million". www.hydroworld.com. 30 November 2012. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
- Poindexter, Gregory B. (26 May 2016). "TVA to begin geophysical testing at 1,652-MW Raccoon Mountain pumped-storage project". www.hydroworld.com. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
- "TVA - Raccoon Mountain". www.tva.gov. Tennessee Valley Authority. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
- "TVA - The Great Replacement". www.tva.com. Tennessee Valley Authority. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
- "Integrated Resource Plan: 2015 Draft Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement" (PDF). Tennessee Valley Authority. March 2015. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
- TVA: Raccoon Mountain Pumped-Storage Plant
- Adkins, F.E., 1987, TVA Report "Raccoon Mountain pumped storage plant; Ten years operating experience," IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Volume EC-2, Issue 3 (September 1987), pages 361 - 368. CODEN:ITCNE
- The Mountaintop Marvel, TVA Heritage website, accessed September 8, 2010
- Sohn, Pam (August 10, 2012). "TVA's pumped storage facility on Raccoon Mountain idle". Chattanooga Times Free Press. Archived from the original on August 26, 2012. Retrieved August 26, 2012.
- http://runchattanooga.org/rmm
