Princess Augusta of Hesse-Kassel

Princess Augusta of Hesse-Kassel (Auguste Wilhelmine Luise; 25 July 1797 – 6 April 1889) was the wife of Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge, the tenth-born child, and seventh son, of George III of the United Kingdom and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. The longest-lived daughter-in-law of George III, she was the maternal grandmother of Mary of Teck, wife of George V.

Princess Augusta
Duchess of Cambridge
Portrait by William Beechey, 1818
Born(1797-07-25)25 July 1797
Rumpenheim Castle, Offenbach am Main
Died6 April 1889(1889-04-06) (aged 91)
St. James's Palace, Pall Mall, London
Burial13 April 1889
St Anne's Church, Kew, Surrey
10 January 1930
St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle
Spouse
​
(
m. 1818; died 1850)
IssuePrince George, Duke of Cambridge
Augusta, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
Princess Mary Adelaide, Duchess of Teck
Full name
Augusta Wilhelmina Louisa
HouseHesse-Kassel
FatherLandgrave Frederick of Hesse-Kassel
MotherPrincess Caroline of Nassau-Usingen

Early life

Princess and Landgravine Augusta of Hesse-Kassel, third daughter of Landgrave Frederick of Hesse-Kassel, and his wife, Princess Caroline of Nassau-Usingen, was born at Rumpenheim Castle (French: Château de Rumpenheim, German: Rumpenheimer Schloss), Offenbach am Main, Hesse. Through her father, she was a great-granddaughter of George II of Great Britain, her grandfather having married George II's daughter Mary. Her father's older brother was the Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel. In 1803, her uncle's title was raised to Elector of Hesse—whereby the entire Kassel branch of the Hesse dynasty gained an upward notch in hierarchy.

Marriage

On 7 May, in Kassel, and then, again, on 1 June 1818 at Buckingham Palace, Princess Augusta married her second cousin, the Duke of Cambridge, when she was 20 and he 44. Upon their marriage, Augusta became Duchess of Cambridge. They had three children.

From 1818 until the accession of Queen Victoria, and the separation of the British and Hanoverian crowns in 1837, the Duchess of Cambridge lived in Hanover, where the Duke served as viceroy on behalf of his brothers, George IV and William IV. In 1827 Augusta allowed that a new village, founded on 3 May 1827 and to be settled in the course of the cultivation and colonisation of the moorlands in the south of Bremervörde, would bear her name. On 19 June the administration of the Hanoveran High-Bailiwick of Stade informed the villagers that she had approved the chosen name Augustendorf for their municipality (since 1974 it is a component locality of Gnarrenburg). The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge returned to Great Britain, where they lived at Cambridge Cottage, Kew, and later at St. James's Palace.

Death

The Duchess of Cambridge survived her husband by thirty-nine years, dying on 6 April 1889, at the age of ninety-one. Queen Victoria wrote of her aunt's death: "Very sad, though not for her. But she is the last of her generation, & I have no longer anyone above me."

She was buried at St Anne's Church, Kew, but her remains were later transferred to St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle.[1]

Titles and styles
  • 25 July 1797 – 7 May 1818: Her Serene Highness Princess Auguste Wilhelmine Luise of Hesse[2]
  • 7 May 1818 – 6 April 1889: Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Cambridge

Ancestry

Issue

The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge had three children:

NameBirthDeathNotes
Prince George, Duke of Cambridge26 March 181917 March 1904illegally married, 1847, Sarah Louisa Fairbrother; had issue
Princess Augusta of Cambridge19 July 18224 December 1916married, 1843, Frederick William, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz; had issue
Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge27 November 183327 October 1897married, 1866, Francis, Duke of Teck; had issue, including Mary of Teck, wife of George V
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References
  1. Cambridge Mausoleum
  2. "No. 17365". The London Gazette. 2 June 1818. p. 997.
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