Marie of Saxe-Altenburg

Princess Marie of Saxe-Altenburg (Alexandrina Mary Wilhelmina Catherine Charlotte Theresa Henrietta Louise Pauline Elizabeth Frederica Georgina; German: Alexandrine Marie Wilhelmine Katharine Charlotte Theresia Henriette Luise Pauline Elisabeth Friederike Georgine; 14 April 1818 – 9 January 1907) was Queen of Hanover and the consort of George V, a grandson of George III of the United Kingdom and Queen Charlotte.

Marie of Saxe-Altenburg
Duchess of Cumberland and Teviotdale
The Queen of Hanover, 1860s
Queen consort of Hanover
Reign18 November 1851 – 20 September 1866
Born(1818-04-14)14 April 1818
Hildburghausen, Saxe-Hildburghausen
Died9 January 1907(1907-01-09) (aged 88)
Gmunden, Austria-Hungary
Burial19 January 1907
Gmunden, Austria-Hungary
SpouseGeorge V
IssueErnest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover
Princess Frederica, Baroness von Pawel-Rammingen
Princess Marie of Hanover
Full name
Alexandrina Mary Wilhelmina Catherine Charlotte Theresa Henrietta Louise Pauline Elizabeth Frederica Georgina
HouseSaxe-Altenburg
FatherJoseph, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
MotherDuchess Amelia of Württemberg

Early life

Marie was born at Hildburghausen, as Princess Marie of Saxe-Hildburghausen, the eldest daughter of Joseph, the Hereditary Prince of Saxe-Hildburghausen and Duchess Amelia of Württemberg. In 1826, the family moved to Altenburg as a result of a transfer of territories among the various branches of the Ernestine Wettins, and Marie took the title Princess of Saxe-Altenburg in place of the previous.

Marie of Saxe-Altenburg with her husband, George V of Hanover, and their children Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover, Princess Frederica of Hanover, and Princess Marie of Hanover

Marriage

Marie married, on 18 February 1843, at Hanover, George, Crown Prince of Hanover. They had three children: Prince Ernest Augustus, Princess Frederica, and Princess Marie.

Queen of Hanover
Oil painting of "Marie, Queen of Hanover and Crown Prince Ernst August" by court painter Carl Oesterley, c. 1846

The Crown Prince, blind since his youth, and his wife became King and Queen of Hanover upon the death of his father, Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover, on 18 November 1851.

Between 1858 and 1867 George V had Marienburg Castle built as a birthday present to his wife, named after her. However, he was expelled from his kingdom in 1866 as a result of his support for Austria in the Austro-Prussian War, and on 20 September 1866, the Kingdom was annexed by Prussia. Nevertheless, George never abdicated; he emigrated to Vienna, Austria, while Marie and her daughters remained at Herrenhausen Palace, then moving to Marienburg Castle, which was still under construction, in September 1867. Marie succeeded in having the Hanoverian crown jewels and other precious items smuggled abroad, before finally leaving for Austria herself. There, the family moved into a villa in Gmunden near Salzburg, which they rented and later acquired.

On 18 September 1872, Queen Marie was godmother to Queen Victoria's granddaughter, Princess Marie Louise of Schleswig-Holstein. Princess Marie Louise was the youngest daughter of Princess Helena of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg; Queen Victoria & Prince Albert's third daughter and fifth child.

George V. died in 1878 on a travel in Paris where he had attempted to re-establish his Guelphic Legion, a military unit aimed at a re-conquest of his kingdom. He was buried in St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle. Queen Marie died, some twenty-eight years after her husband, on 9 January 1907, in The Queen's Villa (Königinvilla) at Gmunden, where she was later buried in a mausoleum that her eldest son had built next to his residence, Cumberland Castle.

Titles and styles
  • 14 April 1818 – 12 November 1826: Her Highness Princess Marie of Saxe-Hildburghausen
  • 12 November 1826 – 18 February 1843: Her Highness Princess Marie of Saxe-Altenburg
  • 18 February 1843 – 18 November 1851: Her Royal Highness The Crown Princess of Hanover
  • 18 November 1851 – 9 January 1907: Her Majesty The Queen of Hanover

Issue
NameBirthDeathNotes
Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover21 September 184514 November 1923Ernest Augustus William Adolphus George Frederick; born at Hanover, married Princess Thyra of Denmark; had issue
Princess Frederica of Hanover9 January 184816 October 1926born at Hanover, died at Biarritz; married Alfons, Baron von Pawel-Rammingen; had issue
Princess Marie of Hanover3 December 18494 June 1904Marie Ernestine Josephine Adolphine Henrietta Theresa Elizabeth Alexandrina; born at Hanover, died unmarried at Gmunden

Ancestry
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Marie of Saxe-Altenburg
Cadet branch of the House of Wettin
Born: 14 April 1818 Died: 9 January 1907
Hanoverian royalty
Preceded by
Frederica of Mecklenburg-Strelitz		 Queen consort of Hanover
18 November 1851 – 20 September 1866		 Succeeded by
Kingdom abolished
Titles in pretence
Preceded by
Herself
as Queen consort		 — TITULAR —
Queen consort of Hanover
20 September 1866 – 12 June 1878		 Succeeded by
Thyra of Denmark
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