Prince Edward Island dollar

The Prince Edward Island dollar was a unit of currency used in Prince Edward Island. The dollar replaced the Prince Edward Island pound in 1872 at a rate of 1 pound = 4.866 dollars (equivalent to the Canadian dollar). The dollar was subdivided into 100 cents.

Bank of Prince Edward Island, one dollar (1877)

Coins

Only one type of coin, the one-cent piece, was struck for the Prince Edward Island dollar, in 1871. PEI entered Confederation two years later.

Both sides of the coin were designed by Leonard Charles Wyon. The obverse had Queen Victoria, with inscription "VICTORIA QUEEN" and the date. The reverse was specially made for the PEI government. It had the seal of the colony—a large oak tree, symbolising England, sheltering three younger ones, which symbolised Prince Edward Island's three counties. Below the seal was located the Latin phrase "PARVA SUB INGENTI", translated as "The small beneath the great". Around the seal and phrase was written "PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND", and the denomination, "ONE CENT".

The coin was produced at the Heaton Mint, due to the London Mint having to strike domestic coins. However, the "H" mint mark is missing. The coin is composed of 95% copper. 4% tin, and 1% zinc. It has a weight of 5.67 grams and a diameter of 25.40 mm. It has a plain edge.

Two million one-cent pieces were minted. PEI's government would experience difficulties in placing the coins in circulation—10 years were needed for the government to get rid of them. The last of the coins were sold at a 10 percent discount.

Banknotes

The Prince Edward Island Treasury issued British pound notes (1848–58) in 5 and 10 shilling, and 1, 2, and 5-pound denominations.[1] The Merchant Bank of Prince Edward Island issued banknotes (1871–91) in 1, 2, 5, 10, and 20 dollar denominations[2] (and prepared a proof for a 5 dollar 1900 issue, but it never circulated).[3]

Bank of Prince Edward Island

The Bank of Prince Edward Island (PEI) incorporated on 14 April 1856 in Charlottetown,[4] after nearly two years of negotiations with Great Britain over the legality of a colony-established bank.[5] On 13 August 1856 the bank opened for business,[6] and was the first bank established on the island.[7] The founding directors included: James Peake, Richard Heartz, Daniel Davies, Henry Haszard, and Daniel Brenan.[8]

In 1857 the Bank of PEI temporarily closed (citing a provision in their original charter, they suspended all financial transactions for three months) after the directors discovered that the bank president and cashier had made loans that exceeded their capital.[6] The cashier (William Cundall) remained at the bank while the president (Ralph Brecken) resigned.[9]

In 1881, after it was discovered that the cashier (Joseph Brecken, son of former president Ralph Brecken) had made irresponsibly large loans, the bank was closed, and liquidated over the next several years (1882–87).[10] The Bank of Prince Edward Island was the first in Canada to file for bankruptcy.[11]

Issuance

The bank's first issue of paper currency was dated the same day (13 August) and included 5 and 10 shilling notes, and 1 and 5 pound notes.[12] A shorter issue of notes in 1859 only included the 10 shilling and 2 pound denominations.[13] The 1872 issue in Canadian dollars (below) was initially dated 1 January 1872 (and then reissued again 1 January 1877).[13]


Complete denomination set
Bank of Prince Edward Island (1872–77)
Value Date Image
1 Dollar 1877
2 Dollars 1877
5 Dollars 1877
10 Dollars 1872
20 Dollars 1872
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See also

References

Footnotes

    Notes
    1. Cuhaj 2009, p. 181.
    2. Cuhaj 2009, p. 227–28.
    3. Cuhaj 2009, p. 228.
    4. Customs House, Canada’s Historic Places, retrieved 14 October 2015 External link in |publisher= (help)CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
    5. Baldwin 1985, p. 32.
    6. Baldwin and Gill 1983, p. 9.
    7. Baldwin and Gill 1983, p. 8.
    8. Baldwin 1985, p. 33.
    9. Baldwin 1985, p. 34.
    10. Forbes 1993, p. 97.
    11. Ben-Ishai 2009.
    12. Cuhaj 2009, p. 277–78.
    13. Cuhaj 2009, p. 278.

    Sources
    • Baldwin, Douglas O. (1985), "The Growth and Decline of the Charlottetown Banks, 1854–1906", Acadiensis, 15 (2): 28–52CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
    • Baldwin, Douglas O.; Gill, Helen (1983), "The Island's First Bank" (PDF), Island Magazine (Charlottetown) (14): 8–13CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
    • Ben-Ishai, Stephanie (2009), "Bank Bankruptcy in Canada: A Comparative Perspective", Banking and Finance Law Review, 25 (59), SSRN 1521015CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
    • W.K. Cross (2005). Canadian Coins (59 ed.). Toronto: Charlton Press. p. 33. ISBN 0-88968-288-7.
    • Cuhaj, George S., ed. (2009). Standard Catalog of World Paper Money Specialized Issues (11 ed.). Krause. ISBN 978-1-4402-0450-0.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
    • Forbes, E.R.; Muise, Delphin A. (1993). The Atlantic Provinces in Confederation. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 0-8020-6817-0.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
    • Krause, Chester L.; Clifford Mishler (1991). Standard Catalog of World Coins: 1801–1991 (18th ed.). Krause Publications. ISBN 0873411501.
    • Pick, Albert (1990). Standard Catalog of World Paper Money: Specialized Issues. Colin R. Bruce II and Neil Shafer (editors) (6th ed.). Krause Publications. ISBN 0-87341-149-8.
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