Politics of Shanghai

The Politics of Shanghai[1] is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in the mainland of the People's Republic of China (PRC). In the last few decades the city has produced many of the country's eventual senior leaders, including Jiang Zemin, Zhu Rongji, Wu Bangguo, and Huang Ju.

Shanghai Municipal Government building

Overview

The Mayor of the Shanghai Municipal People's Government (上海市人民政府市长, shorten as 上海市市长 ie Mayor of Shanghai Municipality) is the highest ranking executive official in Shanghai. Since Shanghai is a direct-controlled municipality of China, the Mayor occupies the same level in the order of precedence as provincial governors. However, in the city's dual party-government governing system, the mayor has less power than the Communist Party of China Shanghai Municipal Committee Secretary (中国共产党上海市委员会书记, shorten as 中共上海市委书记), colloquially termed the "Shanghai CPC Party Chief" in English.

Before 1941, Shanghai had a split administration: the International Settlement (governed under the Shanghai Municipal Council), the French Concession, and the Chinese City. The Chinese city was invaded by the Japanese in 1937 and the foreign concessions were occupied by the Japanese in 1941. After the occupation, the foreign powers formally ceded the territory to the Nationalist Government in Chongqing (a move largely symbolic until the Japanese surrender since the Nationalists no longer controlled Shanghai).

List of provincial-level leaders

Secretaries of the Communist Party Shanghai Committee

Order	Party Committee Secretary	Term	Notes
1	Rao Shushi	1949—1950	later purged in 1954
2	Chen Yi	1950—1954	Communist revolutionary, Marshal of the People's Liberation Army Foreign Minister (1958-1972)
3	Ke Qingshi	1954—1965
4	Chen Pixian	1965—1967	Removed from office during January Storm
5	Zhang Chunqiao	1971—1976	Politburo Standing Committee (1973-1976) Member of the Gang of Four Titled "Secretary of the Revolutionary Committee of Shanghai"
6	Su Zhenhua	1976—1979	De facto Peng Chong; General, Admiral
7	Peng Chong	1979—1980
8	Chen Guodong	1980—1985
9	Rui Xingwen	1985—1987
10	Jiang Zemin	1987—1989	Politburo Standing Committee (1989-2002) General Secretary (1989-2002) and President (1993-2003)
11	Zhu Rongji	1989—1991	Politburo Standing Committee (1997-2002) Premier (1998-2003)
12	Wu Bangguo	1991—1994	Politburo Standing Committee (2002-2012) Chairman of the National People's Congress (2002-2012)
13	Huang Ju	1994— 15 November 2002	Politburo Standing Committee (2002-2006) Vice-Premier (2002-2006)
14	Chen Liangyu	15 November 2002 — 24 September 2006	dismissed for corruption, convicted in 2008, jailed.
—	Han Zheng	24 September 2006 — 24 March 2007	Acting
15	Xi Jinping	24 March 2007 — 27 October 2007	Politburo Standing Committee (2007-) General Secretary (2012-), President (2013-)
16	Yu Zhengsheng	27 October 2007 — 20 November 2012	Politburo Standing Committee (2012-2017) National Committee Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
17	Han Zheng	20 November 2012 — 29 October 2017	Politburo Standing Committee (2017- ) Vice-Premier(2018- )
18	Li Qiang	29 October 2017 —

Mayors of Shanghai

Prior to the establishment of the office of Mayor of Shanghai, the city's administration was overseen by the circuit intendant ("taotai"). The office was abolished at the fall of the Qing.

Mayor	Term	Notes
Huang Fu	7 July 1927 - April 1929	First mayor of Shanghai.
Zhang Qun	1 April 1929 - 6 January 1932
Wu Tiecheng	January 1932 - April 1937
Yu Hung-chun	April 1937 - November 1937	Fled city following fall of Shanghai to the Empire of Japan in the Battle of Shanghai.
Chen Gongbo	November 1940 - December 1944	Japanese collaborationist
Zhou Fohai	December 1944 - August 1945	last Japanese collaborationist mayor, arrested by Kuomintang forces
K. C. Wu	August 1945 - May 1949	last Kuomintang mayor, fled after communist takeover
Chen Yi	May 1949 — November 1958	military commander
Ke Qingshi	November 1958 — 9 April 1965
Cao Diqiu	December 1965 — 24 February 1967	purged during the Cultural Revolution
Zhang Chunqiao	24 February 1967 — October 1976	Chairman of Shanghai Revolutionary Committee Member of Gang of Four, sentenced for treason
Su Zhenhua	November 1976 — 7 February 1979	Chairman of Shanghai Revolutionary Committee
Peng Chong	7 February 1979 — April 1981	De facto head from late 1976.
Wang Daohan	April 1981 — July 1985	Jiang mentor
Jiang Zemin	July 1985 — April 1988	Promoted to party chief
Zhu Rongji	April 1988 — April 1991	Promoted to party chief
Huang Ju	April 1991 — February 1995	Promoted to party chief
Xu Kuangdi	February 1995 — 7 December 2001	Demoted
Chen Liangyu	7 December 2001 — 21 February 2003	Promoted to party chief
Han Zheng	21 February 2003 — 26 December 2012	Concurrently acting party chief 2006-2007, promoted to party chief in 2012
Yang Xiong	26 December 2012 — 17 January 2017
Ying Yong	20 January 2017 — 12 February 2020
Gong Zheng	23 March 2020 —

Chairpersons of Shanghai People's Congress

1. Yan Youmin (严佑民): 1979－1981
2. Hu Lijiao (胡立教): 1981－1988
3. Ye Gongqi (叶公琦): 1988－1998
4. Chen Tiedi (陈铁迪) (female): 1998－2003
5. Gong Xueping (龚学平): 2003－2008
6. Liu Yungeng (刘云耕): 2008－2013
7. Yin Yicui (殷一璀) (female): 2013－2020
8. Jiang Zhuoqing (蒋卓庆): 2020－incumbent

Chairpersons of the Political Conference Shanghai Committee

1. Ke Qingshi (柯庆施): 1955－1958
2. Chen Pixian (陈丕显): 1958－1967
3. Peng Chong (彭冲): 1977－1979
4. Wang Yiping (王一平): 1979－1983
5. Prof. Li Guohao (李国豪): 1983－1988
6. Prof. Xie Xide (谢希德) (female): 1988－1993
7. Chen Tiedi (陈铁迪) (female): 1993－1998
8. Wang Liping (王力平): 1998－2003
9. Jiang Yiren (蒋以任): 2003－2008
10. Feng Guoqin (冯国勤): 2008－2013
11. Wu Zhiming (吴志明): 2013－2018
12. Dong Yunhu (董云虎): 2018－incumbent[2]

See also

• Circuit intendant of Shanghai
• Old City of Shanghai
• Politics of Beijing
• Politics of Chongqing
• Politics of Tianjin
• Zhuang Xiaotian

References

1. "Politics of Shanghai". South China Morning Post. China. Retrieved August 12, 2013.
2. Dongfang, Wang (January 27, 2018). "政协上海市第十三届委员会主席、副主席、秘书长和常务委员选举产生|名单-新华网". www.xinhuanet.com. Xinhua News Agency.