Physalis infinemundi

Physalis infinemundi is the name assigned to a fossil estimated to be 52 million years old, from the Laguna del Hunco formation, of what appears to be a Physalis fruit, closely resembling that of the Cape gooseberry, popularly described as a fossil tomatillo.[1] "Infinimundi" means "end of the earth" referring to the fact that it grew in the far south, just before the breakup of Gondwana,[2] and to the fossil site's modern location in Chubut Province, Argentina.[1]

Physalis infinemundi
Temporal range: Ypresian
The fossil imprint greatly resembles this cape gooseberry fruit, except with a calyx of fewer segments, and the end open to expose the fruit.
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Solanales
Family: Solanaceae
Genus: Physalis
Species:
P. infinemundi
Binomial name
Physalis infinemundi
Wilf et al. 2017

The fossil

Found in Patagonia, the fossil's radiometric dating arrived at an age of 52 million years. This is 12 million years older than the estimates based on molecular dating, which assumes that mutations occur at an almost exact interval, so that differences between related plants show when they diverged. Once presented as with almost clockwork in precision, the latter dating method has increasingly been shown to be far less precise than once claimed.[3]

The fossil shows an imprint resembling a plant stem and fruit. The "fruit" is partially covered by about five lobes, the sepals of the original flower bud.[2] This pattern seems almost identical to the genus now described for this fossil, Physalis, which includes tomatillos and ground cherries, the latter being what the fossil resembles most closely.[4]

Based on the location of the fossil, and other evidence around it, the plant is thought to have existed in a temperate rain forest near a mountain, before the breakup of the last "super continent" thought to have existed, Gondwanaland.

References
  1. Angus Chen (10 January 2017). "52 Million-Year-Old Tomatillo Fossils Rewrite Veggie History". National Public Radio, Inc. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
  2. Switek, Brian. "Paleo Profile: Tomatillo from the End of the World".
  3. Donoghue, Philip C. J.; Lyson, Tyler R.; Joyce, Walter G.; Parham, James F.; Warnock, Rachel C. M. (2015). "Calibration uncertainty in molecular dating analyses: there is no substitute for the prior evaluation of time priors". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 282 (1798): 20141013. doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.1013. PMC 4262156. PMID 25429012.
  4. Wilf, Peter; Carvalho, Mónica R.; Gandolfo, María A.; Cúneo, N. Rubén (2017). "Eocene lantern fruits from Gondwanan Patagonia and the early origins of Solanaceae". Science. 355 (6320): 71–75. Bibcode:2017Sci...355...71W. doi:10.1126/science.aag2737. PMID 28059765.
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