Photios of Korytsa

Photios Kalpidis (Greek: Φώτιος Καλπίδης, 1862–1906) or Photios of Korytsa was the Greek Orthodox metropolitan bishop of Korçë, Ottoman Empire, from 1902 to 1906. He was assassinated in 1906 by irregular bands due to his pro-Greek activity. Photios was proclaimed an ethnomartyr by the Church of Greece.

Photios Kalpidis Φώτιος Καλπίδης
Metropolitan bishop of Korytsa
Church	Greek Orthodox Church
In office	1902–06
Personal details
Born	1862 Cakrak, Trabzon Vilayet, Ottoman Empire
Died	1906 Korce, Monastir Vilayet, Ottoman Empire

Life

Photios was born in 1862 in the village of Cakrak, in Pontus region, Ottoman Empire. After finishing school he moved to Constantinople and attended the Halki seminary.[1] He graduated in 1889 with honors. The following year he was ordained hierodeacon, while he also became director of the Greek school of Giresun. In 1897 Photios was appointed secretary of the Holy Synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate.[1]

In 1902 Photios was appointed metropolitan bishop of Korytsa and Premeti, centered in Korçe (Greek: Κορυτσά), modern southeast Albania (then part of the Ottoman Empire). In general, Photios showed great interest in the promotion of the thriving Greek educational system among the local youth and often made various proposals. He also became the president of the city's schools committee.[2] In 1903 he was actively involved in all major educational issues that concerned the schools in Korce,[3] as well as in nearby Permet.[4] During the 1903–1904 school year he proposed that sports activities should be part of the curriculum in the local schools.[5] As a result, the first sports events by the pupils of Korce took place on May 30, 1904, in the local Bangas Gymnasium.[6] In the following school year these events attracted a major part of the local population and officials who attended them.[6]

On June 7, 1904, Photios took the initiative for the creation of the Appollo music association and the charitable society Love thy Neighbour as part of his educational, cultural and social initiatives in Korce.[7] Moreover, Appollo for a short term period was also undertaking concerts and theatrical performances.[7]

Assassination

Photios was assassinated on September 9, 1906 by a band of Albanian kachak nationalists, led by Bajo Topulli. The assassination was committed because Photios was against the development of Albanian cultural activity, as well as an act of revenge for the killing of the Albanian priest Kristo Negovani in 1905.[8] Although the arrests included many Albanian nationalists of the time, they were subsequently released by the Ottoman authorities as the Ottomans could not go against Albanians, as them being very important people for the Empire. In 1914, after the Balkan Wars, the Greek army arrested Bajram Ligu, but he denied any involvement with the murder.[9]

Kalpidis was proclaimed a national martyr (ethnomartyr) by the Church of Greece.[10] A number of streets are named after him as Fotiou Koritsas (Φωτίου Κορυτσάς) in suburbs around the port city of Piraeus, within the Athens urban area.[11][12][note 1]

Notes

1. These include:[12]

   1. "Φωτίου Κορυτσάς." Κερατσίνι (Keratsini) 18757.

   2. "Φωτίου Κορυτσάς." Πειραιάς (Piraeus).

   3. "Φωτίου Κορυτσάς." Πλατεία Υμηττού 17237.

   4. "Φωτίου Κορυτσάς." Υμηττός (Ymittos) 17237.

References

1. Oikonomikos Tachydromos (in Greek). Demosiografikos Organismos Lamprake. 1997. pp. 35–36.
2. Koltsida, 2008: 311, 391
3. Koltsida, 2008: p. 306
4. Koltsida, 2008: p. 312
5. Koltsida, 2008: p. 331
6. Koltsida, 2008: p. 401
7. Koltsida, 2008: p. 403
8. Gawrych, George W. (2006). The Crescent and the Eagle. London: I.B. Tauris. pp. 91, 147. ISBN 9781845112875. To avenge his death, a guerilla leader named Bajo Topulli (1868–1930) waylaid and murdered Photios, in September 1906...", "...the assassination of Photios, for his opposition to Albanian cultural activity
9. Stavro Skendi (1967). The Albanian national awakening, 1878-1912. Princeton University Press. p. 210. On September 22, 1906 men of Bajo Topulli's band murdered the Metropolitan of Korce, Photios
10. (in Greek) Παπαϊωάννου, Λάζαρος Αθ. Ο εθνομάρτυρας Φώτιος Καλπίδης (1862-1906). Μακεδονική Φιλεκπαιδευτική Αδελφότης (Society for Macedonian Studies), Θεσσαλονίκη: 1983. 24 pp.
11. (in Greek) ΕΥΡΕΤΗΡΙΟ ΤΗΣ ΧΩΡΙΚΗΣ ΑΡΜΟΔΙΟΤΗΤΑΣ ΤΩΝ Δ.Ο.Υ.: ΑΘΗΝΑΣ - ΠΕΙΡΑΙΑ - ΠΡΟΑΣΤΙΩΝ Archived 2012-01-05 at the Wayback Machine. ΣΥΛΛΟΓΟΣ ΔΙΚΑΣΤΙΚΩΝ ΕΠΙΜΕΛΗΤΩΝ. σελ. 448. Retrieved: 18 January 2015. (pdf)
12. (in Greek) Φωτίου Κορυτσάς. CityPlaces.gr. Retrieved: 18 January 2015.

Sources

• Koltsida, Athina (2008). Η Εκπαίδευση στη Βόρειο Ήπειρο κατά την Ύστερη Περίοδο της Οθωμανικής Αυτοκρατορίας [Education in Northern Epirus during the Latter Ottoman Period] (pdf) (in Greek). Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. Retrieved 16 December 2012. (PhD Thesis)

Eastern Orthodox Church titles
Preceded by Gervasios (Orologas) 1895–1902	Bishop of Korytsa and Premeti 1902–1906	Succeeded by Gervasios (Sarasitis) 1906–1910