Pendleton, Greater Manchester

Pendleton is an inner city suburb of Salford, Greater Manchester, England, 2 miles (3.2 km) from Manchester city centre. The A6 dual carriageway skirts the east of the district.

Pendleton
Parish church of St Thomas, Pendleton
Pendleton Location within Greater Manchester
OS grid reference	SJ812991
Metropolitan borough	Salford
Metropolitan county	Greater Manchester
Region	North West
Country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	SALFORD
Postcode district	M6
Dialling code	0161
Police	Greater Manchester
Fire	Greater Manchester
Ambulance	North West
UK Parliament	Salford and Eccles

Historically in Lancashire, Pendleton experienced rapid urbanisation during the Industrial Revolution.

Pendleton is a densely populated area which has several high-rise blocks of flats, some of the tallest buildings in Salford.

History

The township has been variously recorded as Penelton in 1199, Pennelton in 1212, Penilton in 1236, Penhulton in 1331, Penulton in 1356 and Pendleton from about 1600.[1]

In the Middle Ages the manor was held by the Hultons of Hulton Park.[2]

Until 1780, Pendleton was rural, a group of cottages around a village green with a maypole. The Industrial Revolution brought about rapid expansion in the population and large cotton mills and premises for dyeing, printing, and bleaching were built providing employment. Pendleton Colliery was developed from the early 19th century.[2]

Violence and looting occurred in Pendleton during the 2011 riots.[3] In 2012, Salford City Council announced a £430million regeneration scheme for the area.[4]

Governance

Pendleton emerged as a township and chapelry in the ecclesiastical parish of Eccles in the hundred of Salford in the historic county of Lancashire. After 1837 Pendleton was part of the Salford Poor Law Union which took responsibility for the administration of the Poor Law and provided a workhouse.[5]

In 1844 the neighbouring township of Salford was incorporated as a borough. However owing to opposition from Pendleton rate payers who felt that their interests would be over-ruled by Salford, it was not until 1853 that Pendleton and neighbouring Broughton who had also refused to merge with Salford became incorporated into an enlarged Borough of Salford. This was owing to increasing concerns to improve the sanitary conditions of the two townships which would have otherwise resulted in the creation of Local Boards of Health.[6] Pendleton together with Broughton thus became part of the County Borough of Salford from its inception in 1889, thus for the purposes of local government being independent from the jurisdictions of the newly formed Lancashire County Council. Pendleton became part of the City and County Borough of Salford in 1926 and in 1974 became part of the much enlarged metropolitan borough of the City of Salford, in the metropolitan county of Greater Manchester.

Pendleton is mostly covered by the electoral ward of Langworthy. It is represented in Westminster by Rebecca Long-Bailey MP for Salford and Eccles.[7]

The ward is represented on Salford City Council by three Labour councillors: John Warmisham,[8] Gina Reynolds,[9] and Paul Longshaw.[10]

Geography

Pendleton is 2½ miles north west of Manchester city centre by the River Irwell and at the junction roads to Liverpool, Preston, Bolton and Manchester. The Manchester, Bolton & Bury Canal, the Liverpool and Manchester and Manchester and Bolton railways pass through the area.[2]

Pendleton is on the Manchester Coalfield, part of Lancashire Coalfield. In the early days of coal mining seams lying on or close to the surface were exploited, but as time went by deeper shafts were sunk to exploit deeper coal seams, so that by the beginning of the 20th century Pendleton Colliery had the deepest shafts in Great Britain, at 3,474 feet (1,059 m).[11]

The area gives its name to the geological feature known as the Pendleton Fault, one of four large faults running under the Manchester area. The faults are geologically active, and cause earthquake tremors that have been recorded for centuries, most recently in August 2007, when Manchester experienced six minor earthquakes.[12]

Clarendon Park is within the bounds of Pendleton.[3] The largest public park is Buile Hill Park which lies on high ground adjacent to Eccles Old Road.

Transport

Pendleton railway station closed in 1998 after it was damaged in an arson attack.[13] Salford Crescent railway station links the district and the University of Salford, central Manchester stations (Piccadilly, Oxford Road and Victoria) and towns in North West England and Scotland.

Parish church

St Thomas Church, a Commissioners' Church,[2] is the parish church. It replaced the original chapel. It was built in 1829–31 to the design of Francis Goodwin and Richard Lane in a Perpendicular gothic revival style with a west tower and three galleries.[14]

Notable people

See also: List of people from Salford

The 19th century industrialist and Liberal politician Sir Elkanah Armitage lived at Hope Hall from 1853 until his death in 1876. The cartographer, printer and publisher George Bradshaw was born in 1801[15] and James Agate the theatre critic was also born here.[16]

Tommy White, the Everton and England footballer, was born in Pendleton.[17] Pat Kirkwood, who became one a stars of musical theatre, was born in Pendleton,[18] and the actors Albert Finney, born in the Charlestown area and baptised at St George's Church, Charlestown, and Christopher Eccleston, known for his role in the TV series Doctor Who, was brought up in Langworthy.

See also

• Listed buildings in Salford, Greater Manchester
• List of mining disasters in Lancashire

References

Notes

1. Farrer, William; Brownbill, J, eds. (1907), "Pendleton", A History of the County of Lancaster: Volume 4, British History Online, pp. 392–396, retrieved 17 February 2011
2. Lewis, Samuel (1848), "Pendleton", A Topographical Dictionary of England, British History Online, pp. 545–549, retrieved 17 February 2011
3. "Ambitious Pendleton PFI regeneration initiative given go-ahead for £430million housing scheme - Mancunian Matters". mancunianmatters.co.uk.
4. "Salford Council backs £430m Pendleton regeneration", BBC News, 16 August 2012
5. Greater Manchester Gazetteer, Greater Manchester County Record Office, archived from the original on 18 July 2011, retrieved 17 February 2011
6. The Godfrey Edition - Old Ordnance Survey Maps; Salford (West), Lancashire Sheet 104.5
7. "Rebecca Long Bailey MP". parliament.uk. UK Parliament. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
8. "Councillor John Warmisham". sccdemocracy.salford.gov.uk. Salford City Council. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
9. "Councillor Gina Reynolds". sccdemocracy.salford.gov.uk. Salford City Council. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
10. "Councillor Paul Longshaw". sccdemocracy.salford.gov.uk. Salford City Council. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
11. Mullineux 1973, pp. 47–48
12. Malvern, Jack (31 August 2007), "The Earth Moves for Manchester", The Times, retrieved 27 February 2010
13. Regulator allows closure of Pendleton station, Office of Rail Regulation, 15 December 1998, archived from the original on 30 September 2007, retrieved 27 March 2008
14. Pevsner, N. (1969) Lancashire, vol. 1. Penguin Books
15. Kelly, Laura (21 June 2010). "Christopher Eccleston". The Big Issue. Archived from the original on 27 October 2010. Retrieved 22 November 2010.
16. Brown, Ivor; Brodie, Marc (rev.) (2004), "Agate, James Evershed (1877–1947)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.), Oxford University Press, retrieved 27 February 2010
17. Joyce, Michael (2004). Football League Players' Records 1888 to 1939. Nottingham: Tony Brown. p. 255. ISBN 1-899468-67-6.
18. BBC NEWS Entertainment Obituary: Pat Kirkwood, BBC News Online, retrieved 28 February 2014

Bibliography

• Mullineux, F. (1973), "Coal Mining in Lancashire", in Smith, J. H. (ed.), The Great Human Exploit: Historic Industries of the North-West, Phillimore & Co, ISBN 0-85033-108-0