Pavonia Terminal

Pavonia Terminal was the Erie Railroad terminal on the Hudson River situated on the landfilled Harsimus Cove in Jersey City, New Jersey. The station opened in 1887 and closed in 1958 when the Erie Railroad moved its passenger services to nearby Hoboken Terminal. The New York, Susquehanna and Western Railway also ran commuter trains from the terminal and various street cars, ferries and the Hudson and Manhattan Railroad subway line serviced the station. The station was abandoned in 1958 and demolished in 1961.

For the rail yard in Camden, New Jersey, see Pavonia Yard.
Jersey City
LocationHarsimus Cove, Jersey City, New Jersey
Owned byErie Railroad
Line(s)Erie Railroad Main Line
New York, Susquehanna and Western Railroad
Bergen County Railroad
New York and Greenwood Lake Railroad
New Jersey and New York Railroad
Weehawken Branch
Newark Branch
Northern Branch
Construction
Platform levels1
Disabled accessNO
Other information
Station code4971[1]
History
Opened1887
Closed1958
RebuiltNo
ElectrifiedNot electrified
Former services
Preceding station Erie Railroad Following station
Terminus Pavonia Ferry Chambers Street
Terminus
23rd Street
Terminus
Rutherford
toward Chicago
 Main Line Terminus
Rutherford
toward Ridgewood
 Bergen County Railroad
Arlington
toward Wanaque–Midvale or Sterling Forest
 New York and Greenwood Lake Railway
Carlstadt
toward Haverstraw
 New Jersey and New York Railroad
Susquehanna Transfer
toward Nyack
 Northern Branch
Weehawken
Terminus
 Weehawken Branch
Harrison
toward Paterson
 Newark Branch
Preceding station New York, Susquehanna and Western Railroad Following station
Susquehanna Transfer
toward Stroudsburg
 Main Line Terminus
Map of the five train-to-ferry transfer points along the west shore of Hudson River circa 1900

History

Pavonia was one of five passenger railroad terminals that lined the western shore of the Hudson Waterfront from the mid-19th to mid-20th centuries, along with those at Weehawken, Hoboken, Exchange Place, and Communipaw, with Hoboken being the only one still in service.

The Erie began developing the waterfront site in 1856.[2] The intermodal complex was open December 4, 1887.[3] Across the river-facing facade was New York, Lake Erie and Western Railroad, the name of the entity that built it, though it was also called Jersey City Terminal Station[4] or Erie Railroad Station The colloquial name is taken from the 17th century European settlement of Pavonia, New Netherland,[5] which began in the area and the ferry that served it. It has been described as "a brightly colored Victorian eclectic three story terminal located at the foot of Pavonia Avenue to serve a twelve track" station. It was designed by George E. Archer.[6] The end of track was at about 40.7266 N 74.0304 W. Besides the railroad, the complex was served by ferries, streetcars and the rapid transit Hudson and Manhattan Railroad (now PATH). The terminal was also used by New York, Susquehanna and Western Railway trains.[7] Long distance and suburban passenger trains reached the terminal by travelling through Bergen Hill via the Long Dock Tunnel and later under the Bergen Arches.[8]

In October 1956 the Erie Railroad began moving its trains out of Pavonia Terminal and into Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad's Hoboken Terminal, and by 1960 had merged to become the Erie Lackawanna Railway.[9] Erie's Northern Branch trains moved to Hoboken in 1959; the New York, Susquehanna and Western operated to the terminal until it pulled back to Susquehanna Transfer in 1961. The terminal was razed by 1961.[10]

Service

Railroads
The few remnants of the Erie's extensive holdings include the embankment from the Palisades to the river (now demolished)

The Erie Railroad's Main Line ran from Jersey City to Chicago via Binghamton and Youngstown; with a line to Buffalo, and a line to Akron with a spur to Cleveland.[11] The name and a portion of the route exists in the form of the New Jersey Transit Main Line to Suffern, New York and, under contract for Metro North, all the way to Port Jervis. Parts of the contemporary Bergen County Line and Pascack Valley Line were also Erie operated, while sections of its Greenwood Lake Branch have been incorporated into the Montclair-Boonton Line. The Northern Branch of the Northern Railroad of New Jersey is another line from the Erie era along which freight is transported and that may be revived as light rail service.[12][13] The last train to leave the station, the #1205 at 6:35 p.m. on Friday, December 12, 1958, was along the Northern Branch. The Newark Branch (with continuing service to Paterson) and the Orange Branch were also parts of its suburban network. The New York, Susquehanna and Western Railway main line ran to Wilkes-Barre,[7] although passenger service was operated that far for only a few years (and that Wilkes Barre and Eastern line was completely abandoned, even for freight service, in 1939), while regular commuter service ran only to Butler, NJ until 1966.

The timetable for August 17, 1947, shows 96 weekday departures: 48 to the main line and Bergen County line (including 6 long distance routes beyond Port Jervis), 6 to Spring Valley, 26 NY&GL, 5 Newark Branch, 3 to Nyack and 8 NYS&W.

Named trains, many of them long distance, originated at the station. These included Atlantic Express, Erie Limited, Lake Cities, Midlander, Mountain Express, Pacific Express, and Southern Tier Express.

Ferry
An undated photograph of an Erie-owned ferryboat named the "Susquehanna" docked at the Pavonia Ferry Terminal.

The Pavonia Ferry began running in 1851,[14] along a route that had been established some decades earlier as Budd's Ferry. It was taken over by the Erie[15] and sold to the Pavonia Ferry Company of Jersey City[16] for what was considered a low price of $9,050, at New York City Hall, in February 1854.[5][17] In February 1859 Nathaniel Marsh of the Erie Railroad Company purchased the lease on behalf of the Pavonia Ferry Company. He started a ferry which ran from Chambers Street (Manhattan) to the foot Pavonia Avenue on the other side of the Hudson River. Legal problems had prevented the Pavonia Ferry Company from establishing a ferry along this route. The New York and Erie Railroad paid an annual rent of $9,050 to transport passengers back and forth.[18] Eventually the railroad constructed its Pavonia Terminal on the land-filled Harsimus Cove. Suburban and long distance travelers would transfer from trains to boats for the passage across the river.

Its final two routes from the terminal across the Hudson to Lower Manhattan were to Chambers Street Ferry Terminal and 23rd Street.

New York Waterway re-introduced service to Pier 79 at West 39th Street on December 1, 2006.[19] Service officially ended January 2014.[20] Ferry service is being restored in the Summer of 2019.[21]

Streetcar
The letter E on the pillars at the Newport PATH station

Numerous streetcar lines served the station.[22] Eventually they (and indeed all of Hudson County lines) were operated by the Public Service Railway. The Grove Street, which operated between Exchange Place and Hudson Place (Hoboken), passed nearby. The Pavonia and the Crosstown originated at the station. The Hudson Bergen Light Rail Pavonia/Newport Station opened in 2002, and is located one and half blocks west of the PATH system.

H & M tube station

Originally named "Erie", the PATH's Newport station, originally built by the Hudson and Manhattan Railroad (H&M), still bears the letter "E" engraved on its pillars. Opened on August 2, 1909,[23] the station was built with only the island platform. The side platform was added around 1914 to handle the heavier passenger volume. It was closed in 1954 in order for the bankrupt railroad to reduce costs. The side platform remained dormant for nearly 50 years.[24] The northernmost stairway exit from the two platforms led to a steep passageway, which originally went directly to the Erie Railroad terminal. In the 1920s, a second passageway and mezzanine area was built over the existing platforms and northbound trackway. This second passageway and mezzanine area were also closed in 1954 (as was also the entrance to/from Henderson Street), but was reopened in the late 1980s/early 1990s after the station was renovated. Also in 1954, the first moving sidewalk, or travellator, in the United States was installed. Named the "Speedwalk" and built by Goodyear, it was 277 feet (84 m) long and moved up a 10-percent grade at a speed of 1.5 miles per hour (2.4 km/h).[25] The walkway was removed a few years later when traffic patterns at the station changed.

Site
Site of former terminal across the Long Slip. Ventilation tower is part of Holland Tunnel, which contributed to the demise of terminals along the west bank of the North River.

The complex was built on the northern portion of landfilled Harsimus Cove. The southern part was the Pennsylvania Railroad abattoir and freight yard. A narrow slip kept that name, while another called the Long Slip was created and separated it from Hoboken Terminal. The only visible trace of the Erie's waterfront complex that remains today is part of the right of way/viaduct which carried trains from the foot of the Palisades escarpment to the waterfront. Part of it runs parallel to Boyle Plaza (the toll plaza for the Holland Tunnel) and is used for motor vehicular traffic to the Newport Section of the city.[26]

gollark: Stop with the metadebate, it helps nobody.
gollark: The "p2p" would basically just consist of "nodes pass on messages to other nodes".
gollark: I mean, you could do that anyway, on top of skynet, but nobody would care.
gollark: It doesn't need to be secure, it just needs to be possible to transfer messages between them.
gollark: Eventually if I make it distributed we'll end up with the whole "consensus protocol" mess, but for now you just run a node and that's that.

See also

References
  1. "List of Station Names and Numbers". Jersey City, New Jersey: Erie Railroad. May 1, 1916. Retrieved November 23, 2010.
  2. "NEW-JERSEY.; Erie Railroad Improvements. Another Victim. Pickpockets on the Ferry-boats. Military. The Kentucky Legislature on Federal Relations--Resolutions on the Missouri Compromise, Fugitive Slave Law, &c" (PDF). The New York Times. 1856. Retrieved January 31, 2011.
  3. "A HANDSOME BUILDING.; THE ERIE RAILWAY'S NEW STATION AT JERSEY CITY" (PDF). The New York Times. December 4, 1887. Retrieved February 15, 2018.
  4. Jersey City Terminal Station
  5. "Erie Railroad Terminal". New Jersey City University. Archived from the original on February 4, 2012. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  6. "Jersey Central Railroad Jersey City Ferry Terminal Johnson Ave. at Hudson River Jersey City Hudson County New Jersey (HAER No. NJ-27)" (PDF). Historical American Engineering Record. p. 16. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 6, 2014. Retrieved May 5, 2013.
  7. NYSW Stations
  8. "The Bergen Arches of the Erie Railroad". Jersey City Landmarks Conservancy. Archived from the original on January 30, 2011. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  9. "The Erie and the DL&W Were Merged in 1960". Archived from the original on March 30, 2010. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  10. "Erie Lackwanna Railroad and Predecessors". Archived from the original on June 10, 2008. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  11. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/1884_Erie.gif
  12. Bogaty, Lewis (2009). "Northern Branch Photos & Information". Archived from the original on January 13, 2010. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  13. "Northern Branch Corridor Project". New Jersey Transit. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  14. Baxter, Raymond J.; Adams, Arthur G. (1999). Railroad Ferries of the Hudson. New York: Fordham University Press. p. 65. ISBN 0-8232-1954-2.
  15. "Sale Postponed". The New York Times. February 2, 1854. p. 6. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  16. "The Pavonia Ferry Lease Sold at Auction". The New York Times. February 16, 1854. p. 8. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  17. "Corporation Doings". The New York Times. February 24, 1854. p. 4. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  18. "Aldermen's Committee On Ferries". The New York Times. February 1, 1859. p. 5. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  19. "Newport Ferry to Pier 79, West 39th Street, Manhattan". New York City Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on May 29, 2010. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  20. McDonald, Terrence (January 18, 2014). "NY Waterway officially ends service from Newport terminal". The Jersey Journal. Retrieved September 18, 2014.
  21. "Ferry Service Will Return to Newport Jersey City This Summer". jerseydigs.com. January 30, 2019. Retrieved June 25, 2019.
  22. "New Erie Road Terminal". The New York Times. March 31, 1903. p. 7. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  23. "Tube Stations". hudsoncity.net. Retrieved April 14, 2006.
  24. "PATH to Reopen Commuter Platform at Pavonia/Newport Station" (Press release). Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. August 11, 2003. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  25. "Passenger Conveyor Belt to Be Installed in Erie Station". The New York Times. October 6, 1953. p. 31. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  26. Erie ROW

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