Amis people

The Amis (Amis: Amis, Ami or Pangcah; Chinese: 阿美族; pinyin: āměi zú) are an Austronesian ethnic group native to Taiwan. They speak Amis, an Austronesian language, and are one of the sixteen officially recognized groups of Taiwanese aborigines. The traditional territory of the Amis includes the long, narrow valley between the Central Mountains and the Coastal Mountains (Huatung Valley), the Pacific coastal plain eastern to the Coastal Mountains and the Hengchun Peninsula.

For other uses, see Amis (disambiguation), Amish (disambiguation), and Ami (disambiguation).
Amis
Pangcah
阿美族
Total population
200,604 (2014)
Regions with significant populations
Taiwan
Languages
Amis, Mandarin
Religion
Animism, Christianity
Related ethnic groups
Sakizaya, Taiwanese Aborigines

In 2014, the Amis numbered 200,604.[1] This was approximately 37.1% of Taiwan's total indigenous population, making them the largest indigenous group.[2] The Amis are primarily fishermen due to their coastal location. They traditionally have a matrilineal kinship system, by which inheritance and property pass through the maternal line, and children are considered born to the mother's people.[3]

Traditional Amis villages were relatively large for indigenous communities, typically holding between 500 and 1,000 people. In today's Taiwan, the Amis also comprise the majority of "urban aboriginals" and have developed many urban communities all around the island. In recent decades, Amis have also married exogamously to the Han as well as other indigenous peoples.[4]

Identity and classification
Amis Folk Center

The Amis people generally identify as Pangcah, which means "human" or "people of our kind." But in 21st-century Taiwan, the term Amis is much more frequently used. This name comes from the word amis, meaning "north." There is still no consensus in the academic circle as to how "Amis" came to be used to address the Pangcah. It may originally have been a term used by the Puyuma to refer to the Pangcah, who lived to the north of them. Another theory is that those who lived in the Taitung Plain called themselves "Amis" because their ancestors had come from the north. This later explanation is recorded in the Banzoku Chōsa Hōkokusho,[5] indicating this term may have originated from a group classified by anthropologists as Falangaw Amis, the Amis group occupying territory from today's Chengkung to the Taitung Plain. Their closest genetic relatives appear to be the Filipino people.[6][7]

According to Taiwanese Aboriginal History: Amis, the Amis are classified into five groups:

  • Northern group (located on the Chihlai/Hualien Plain)
  • Middle group (located west to the Coastal Mountains)
  • Coastal group (located east to the Coastal Mountains)
  • Falangaw group (located Chenggong and the Taitung Plain)
  • Hengchun group (located on the Hengchun Peninsula)

Such classification, however widely accepted, is based simply on the geographical distribution and ethnic migration. It does not correspond to observed differences in culture, language, and physiques.

Traditions
Harvest Festival

Family affairs, including finance of the family, are decided by the female householder, in the Amis tradition. The most important traditional ceremony is the Harvest Festival. The Amis Harvest festival is held to express the people's thanks and appreciation to the gods, and to pray for harvest in the next coming year. It takes place every July to September.[8]

Representation in media

The musical project Enigma used an Amis chant in their song "Return to Innocence," on their second album, The Cross of Changes (1993). This song was used as the theme song of the 1996 Atlanta Olympics. The main chorus was sung by Difang (Chinese name Kuo Ying-nan) and his wife, Igay (Chinese name Kuo Hsiu-chu), who were part of a Taiwanese aboriginal cultural performance group.

Maison des Cultures du Monde had earlier recorded the singing of this group while on tour, and released a CD. This song was subsequently used by Enigma (although they did not note the ethnic origin of the song and the singers). The recording studio and the Taiwanese group filed a suit for copyright infringement, which was later settled by Enigma out of court. Ami singing is known for its complex contrapuntal polyphony.

Notable Amis people
Amis singer Tank
gollark: All three.
gollark: Unless you turn up the optimization setting to ~30, at which point it makes quite fast code.
gollark: ```python#!/usr/bin/env python3import argparseimport subprocessparser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Compile a WHY program')parser.add_argument("input", help="File containing WHY source code")parser.add_argument("-o", "--output", help="Filename of the output executable to make", default="./a.why")parser.add_argument("-O", "--optimize", help="Optimization level", type=int, default="0")args = parser.parse_args()def build_C(args): template = """#define QUITELONG long long intconst QUITELONG max = @max@;int main() { QUITELONG i = 0; while (i < max) { i++; } @code@} """ for k, v in args.items(): template = template.replace(f"@{k}@", str(v)) return templateinput = args.inputoutput = args.outputtemp = "ignore-this-please"with open(input, "r") as f: contents = f.read() looplen = max(1000, (2 ** -args.optimize) * 1000000000) code = build_C({ "code": contents, "max": looplen }) with open(temp, "w") as out: out.write(code)subprocess.run(["gcc", "-x", "c", "-o", output, temp])```The compiler for the new `WHY` language. Made as a joke because someone on the esolangs server insisted that all compiled languages were fast.
gollark: BT being bad, who would ever guess so?
gollark: Amazing, right?

See also

References
Taiwanese indigenous peoples
Peoples

Nationally Recognized

Locally recognized

Unrecognized
Related topics
  1. Chia-chen, Hsieh; Wu, Jeffrey (15 February 2015). "Amis remains Taiwan's biggest aboriginal tribe at 37.1% of total". FocusTaiwan.tw. The Central News Agency. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
  2. "Table 28: Indigenous population distribution in Taiwan-Fukien Area", National Statistics, Republic of China, Taiwan: Directorate General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics, Executive Yuan (DGBAS), archived from the original on 2007-03-12, retrieved 2006-08-30.
  3. "Ami", Ethnologue.
  4. Olson, James Stuart, An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of China, Google.
  5. "Survey Reports on the Savages", Banzoku Chōsa Hōkokusho 蕃族調査報告書, 8, Taihoku (Taipei), 1913–1918, p. 4.
  6. plbi-03-08-05 1..11 (PDF), PLOS journals.
  7. HPGL (PDF), 64, Stanford, 2001, p. 432, archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-02-14.
  8. Amis Harvest Festival held in East Taiwan, The China Post, July 28, 2005, retrieved in April 8, 2011
  9. "Li Tai-hsiang, composer of Olive Tree and other hits, dies at age 72". Strait Times. 2014-01-03. Archived from the original on 2014-01-05. Retrieved 2014-02-03.
  • Hsu et al., Taiwanese Aboriginal History: Amis, Taipei: 2001. ISBN 957-02-8013-1 and ISBN 957-02-8003-4. (Chinese language)
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