Palme d'Or
The Palme d'Or (French pronunciation: [palm(ə) dɔʁ]; English: Golden Palm) is the highest prize awarded at the Cannes Film Festival.[1] It was introduced in 1955 by the festival's organizing committee. Previously, from 1939 to 1954, the highest prize at the festival was the Grand Prix du Festival International du Film.[1] In 1964, The Palme d'Or was replaced again by the Grand Prix, before being reintroduced in 1975.[1]
| Palme d'Or | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Location | Cannes |
| Country | France |
| Presented by | Festival International du Film de Cannes |
| First awarded | 1955 (awarded to Marty) |
| Currently held by | Parasite (2019) |
| Website | http://www.festival-cannes.com |
The Palme d'Or is widely considered to be one of the most prestigious awards in the film industry.[2][3][4][5]
History
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In 1954, the festival decided to present an award annually, titled the Grand Prix of the International Film Festival, with a new design each year from a contemporary artist. The festival's board of directors invited several jewellers to submit designs for a palm, in tribute to the coat of arms of the city of Cannes evoking the famous legend of Saint Honorat and the palm trees lining the famous Promenade de la Croisette.[1] The original design by Parisian jeweller Lucienne Lazon, who took inspiration in a sketch done by legendary director Jean Cocteau, had the bevelled lower extremity of the stalk forming a heart, and the pedestal a sculpture in terracotta by the artist Sébastien.[6]
In 1955, the first Palme d'Or was awarded to Delbert Mann for the film Marty. From 1964 to 1974, the Festival temporarily resumed a Grand Prix.[1] In 1975, the Palme d'Or was reintroduced and has since remained the symbol of the Cannes Film Festival, awarded every year to the director of the winning film, and was then presented in a case of pure red Morocco leather lined with white suede.[1]
As of 2019, Jane Campion is the only female director to have won the Palme d'Or, for her work on The Piano. However, in 2013, when Blue Is the Warmest Color won the Palme d'Or, the Steven Spielberg-headed jury awarded it to the film's director Abdellatif Kechiche, as well as the film's actresses Adèle Exarchopoulos and Léa Seydoux.[7] This marks the first time multiple Palme d'Or trophies were given out in the festival's history.[8]
The jury decided to award the actresses alongside the director due to a Cannes policy that forbids the Palme d'Or-winning film from receiving any additional awards, thereby preventing the jury from rewarding both the film and the film's actresses separately.[9] Of the unorthodox decision, Spielberg said that "had the casting been 3% wrong, it wouldn't have worked like it did for us".[10] Kechiche later auctioned off his Palme d'Or trophy to fund his new feature film, and expressed dissatisfaction about the festival having given out multiple trophies in an interview with The Hollywood Reporter, saying that he felt they had "publicly insulted" him by doing it, and that "liberating myself from this Palme d’Or is a way of washing my hands of this sorry affair".[8]
Since its reintroduction, the prize has been redesigned several times. At the beginning of the 1980s, the rounded shape of the pedestal, bearing the palm, gradually transformed to become pyramidal in 1984. In 1992, Thierry de Bourqueney redesigned the Palme and its pedestal in hand-cut crystal. In 1997, Caroline Scheufele redesigned the statuette and since then, has been manufactured by Swiss jewellery Chopard. The palm is made from 4.16 oz (118 grams) of 18-carat yellow gold while the base of the branch forms a small heart. The Palme d’or rests on a dainty rock crystal cushion shaped like an emerald-cut diamond.[11] A single piece of cut crystal forms a cushion for the palm, which was hand-cast into a wax mould and now presented in a case of blue Morocco leather. In 1998, Theo Angelopoulos was the first director to win the Palme d'or as we now know it today for his film Eternity and a Day.[12]
The winner of the 2014 Palme d'Or, Winter Sleep—a Turkish film by Nuri Bilge Ceylan—occurred during the same year as the 100th anniversary of Turkish cinema. Upon receiving the award, Ceylan dedicated the prize to both the "young people" involved in the ongoing political unrest in Turkey and the workers who were killed in the Soma mine disaster, which occurred on the day prior to the commencement of the awards event.[13]
In 2017, the award was re-designed to celebrate the festival's 70th anniversary.[1] The diamonds were provided by an ethical supplier certified by the Responsible Jewellery Council.[1]
The 2020 Cannes Film Festival was cancelled due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. 56 films were announced as official selections by the festival, but no awards were given this year.[14]
Award winners
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- Notes
- § Denotes unanimous win
- # Denotes winner of the Academy Award for Best Picture. There have been only three winners of both the Palme d’Or and the Oscar for the Best Picture: The Lost Weekend (1945), Marty (1955), and Parasite (2019).
- ‡ The Palme d'Or for Union Pacific was awarded in retrospect at the 2002 festival. The festival's debut was to take place in 1939, but it was cancelled due to World War II.[17] The organisers of the 2002 festival presented part of the original 1939 selection to a professional jury of six members. The films were: Goodbye Mr. Chips, La Piste du Nord, Lenin in 1918, The Four Feathers, The Wizard of Oz, Union Pacific, and Boefje.
Multiple award winners
Eight directors or co-directors have won the award twice:[18]
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Honorary Palme d'Or
In 1997, on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the Festival, the Cannes jury awarded a "Palme des Palmes" for the first time.[19]
| Year | Recipient | Profession | Nationality of recipient |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1997 | Ingmar Bergman[19] | Director/Screenwriter | Sweden |
In 2002 the festival began to sporadically award a non-competitive Honorary Palme d'Or to directors or actors who had achieved a notable body of work but who had never won a competitive Palme d'Or.[20]
| Year | Recipient | Profession | Nationality of recipient |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2002 | Woody Allen[21] | Director/Actor/Screenwriter | United States |
| 2003 | Jeanne Moreau[22] | Actress | France |
| 2005 | Catherine Deneuve[23] | Actress | France |
| 2007 | Jane Fonda[24] | Actress | United States |
| 2008 | Manoel de Oliveira[25] | Director/Screenwriter | Portugal |
| 2009 | Clint Eastwood[26] | Actor/Director | United States |
| 2011 | Jean-Paul Belmondo[27] | Actor | France |
| Bernardo Bertolucci[28] | Director/Screenwriter | Italy | |
| 2015 | Agnès Varda[29][30] | Director/Screenwriter | France |
| 2016 | Jean-Pierre Léaud[31] | Actor | France |
| 2017 | Jeffrey Katzenberg[32] | Producer | United States |
| 2019 | Alain Delon[33] | Actor | France |
In 2018, the Cannes jury also awarded a "Special Palme d'Or" for the first time.[34]
| Year | Film | Original title | Director(s) | Country | Ref(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2018 | The Image Book | Le Livre d'image | Jean-Luc Godard |   | [34] |
See also
- List of actors who have appeared in multiple Palme d'Or winners
- Golden Bear, the highest prize awarded at the Berlin Film Festival
- Golden Lion, the highest prize awarded at the Venice Film Festival
References
- "A brief history of the Palme d'or". Festival-cannes.com. Retrieved 28 May 2017.
- "Why the Cannes Film Festival matters (and how to pronounce it)". Vox. Retrieved 2018-01-21.
- "Cannes 2017: Sweden's Ruben Östlund wins Palme d'Or for 'The Square' - France 24". France 24. 2017-05-28. Retrieved 2018-01-21.
- Hammond, Pete (2016-05-11). "Cannes Vs Oscar: Why The Palme d'Or And Best Picture Academy Award Don't Make A Perfect Match". Deadline. Retrieved 2018-01-21.
- "'Scarecrow' (1973) - Cannes: All the Palme d'Or Winners, Ranked". The Hollywood Reporter.
- "Histoire de la Palme d'or, de Lucienne Lazon à Chopard" (in French). Retrieved 2017-05-31.
- "Cannes: 5 unforgettable Palme d'Or winners". 2015-05-24. Retrieved 2018-01-21.
- "Director Abdellatif Kechiche: Why I'm Selling My Palme d'Or (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2018-01-21.
- "Festival de Cannes - Regulations". Festival-cannes.fr. Retrieved 28 May 2017.
- "Conference of the Jury of 66th Festival de Cannes". Festival de Cannes. 2013. Archived from the original on 30 December 2013. Retrieved 27 May 2013.(video unavailable)
- "THE PALME D'OR". Chopard. Retrieved 2020-03-14.
- "A brief history of the Palme d'Or - Festival de Cannes 2019 (International Film Festival)". Festival-cannes.com. Retrieved 4 March 2020.
- Xan Brooks (25 May 2014). "Cannes festival ready for shut-eye after Winter Sleep wins Palme d'Or". The Guardian. Guardian News and Media Limited. Retrieved 1 June 2014.
- "What Cannes 2020 line-up says about the cancelled festival". Los Angeles Times. 2020-06-03.
- Ronk, Liz; Rothman, Lily (May 13, 2015). "How World War II Created the Cannes Film Festival". Time. Retrieved April 5, 2020.
- "Factbox: History of the Cannes film festival". Reuters. May 6, 2011. Retrieved April 5, 2020.
- McCarthy, Todd (May 26, 2002). "'Pianist' tickles Cannes". Variety. Retrieved May 24, 2018.
- Lodge, Guy; Gleiberman, Owen (22 May 2016). "Cannes: Ken Loach Wins His Second Palme d'Or for 'I, Daniel Blake'". Variety. Retrieved 27 June 2017.
- Rooney, David (9 April 1997). "Bergman to get special Cannes salute". Variety. Retrieved 22 August 2019.
- "A Honorary Palme at the opening ceremony of the Festival de Cannes". Cannes Film Festival. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
- Hischak, Thomas S. (2018). The Woody Allen Encyclopedia. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 340. ISBN 1538110679.
- Dagan, Carmel; Natale, Richard (31 July 2017). "Jeanne Moreau, Star of French Film Classics, Dies at 89". Variety. Retrieved 17 January 2020.
- Singerman, Alan J.; Bissière, Michèle (2018). Contemporary French Cinema: A Student's Book. Hackett Publishing. p. 60. ISBN 1585108944.
- "Producers Guild To Honors Jane Fonda With 2019 Stanley Kramer Award". Producers Guild of America. 20 December 2018. Retrieved 17 January 2020.
- Lee, Benjamin (2 April 2015). "Manoel de Oliveira, legendary Portuguese director, dies aged 106". The Guardian. Retrieved 17 January 2020.
- "Clint Eastwood gets honorary Palme d'Or". CBC News. 26 February 2009. Retrieved 17 January 2020.
- "Monica Bellucci, Jean-Paul Belmondo to Be Honored at France's Lumiere Awards". The Hollywood Reporter. 17 January 2018. Retrieved 17 January 2020.
- "Bernardo Bertolucci to receive Palme d'Or honour". BBC. 11 April 2011. Retrieved 17 January 2020.
- "Director Agnes Varda to receive honorary Palme d'Or". BBC. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
- "Agnes Varda to receive honorary Palme d'Or". RogerEbert.com. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
- Szalai, Georg. "Cannes: Jean-Pierre Leaud to Get Honorary Palme d'Or". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 31 May 2016.
- Richford, Rhonda (19 May 2017). "Cannes: Jeffrey Katzenberg Feted With Honorary Palme d'Or". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 26 May 2017.
- "Cannes: Alain Delon to Receive Honorary Palme d'Or". Variety. 17 April 2019. Retrieved 17 April 2019.
- Pond, Steve (19 May 2018). "'Shoplifters' Wins Palme d'Or at 2018 Cannes Film Festival". SF Gate. Retrieved 19 May 2018.
External links
- Palme d'Or Winners, 1976 to present, by gross box-office
- Festival-cannes.com
- Cannes Film Festival IMDB