Pak Hon-yong

Pak Hon-yong (Hangul: 박헌영, Hanja:朴憲永, 28 May 1900 – 18 December 1955[1]) was a Korean independence activist, politician, philosopher and communist activist. One of the main leaders of the Korean communist movement during Japan's colonial rule (1910–45). His nickname was Ijong (이정) and Ichun (이춘), his courtesy name being Togyong (덕영).

This is a Korean name; the family name is Pak.
Pak Hon-yong
박헌영
Pak Hon-yong in 1946
Minister of Foreign Affairs
In office
September 1948 – August 1953
Preceded byPosition created
Succeeded byNam Il
General Secretary
of the Workers' Party of South Korea
In office
November 1946 – June 1949
Preceded byPosition created
Succeeded byPosition abolished
Personal details
Born(1900-05-28)28 May 1900
Yesan, South Chungcheong Province, Korean Empire (now South Korea)
Died(1955-12-18)18 December 1955 (aged 55)
Pyongyang, North Korea
CitizenshipNorth Korean
NationalityKorean
Spouse(s)Joo Se-juk, Jung Sunnyen, Yi Sunkeum, Yun Lena
ChildrenDaughter: Vivian Park, Nathesa Park
Son: Park Byungsam
ParentsLee Hakkyu (Mother)
Park Hyin-ju (Father)
EducationKyŏngsŏng Ordinary High School(1919)
Alma materKyungKi High School
Known forKorean independence activists
Korean nationalist
Journalist
Athlete (Sportsperson)
Revolutionary
Korean name
Chosŏn'gŭl
Hancha
Revised RomanizationBak Heon-yeong
McCune–ReischauerPak Hŏnyŏng
Pen name
Chosŏn'gŭl
Hancha
Revised RomanizationIjeong, Ichun
McCune–ReischauerIjŏng, Ich'un
Courtesy name
Chosŏn'gŭl
Hancha
Revised RomanizationTŏgyŏng
McCune–ReischauerDeogyeong

During the Japanese occupation of Korea, he tried to organize the Korean Communist Party. When the Japanese authorities cracked down on the party, he went into hiding. After Korea's liberation, August 1945, he set up the Communist Party of Korea in the South, but under pressure from American authorities he moved to North Korea in April 1948. He attended a meeting with Kim Gu and Kim Kyu-sik on the subject of Korean reunification.

On record, he collaborated with Kim Il-sung in the Korean War.[2] Pak Hon-yong seemed to have had confidence in the Korean War effort because the Workers' Party of South Korea, which had around 360,000 party members at that time.[3] However, Park Hun-young did not expect the possibility of President Syngman Rhee massacring Southern dissenters, as in the Jeju Uprising, the Mungyeong Massacre and the Bodo League Massacre. In 1955, on account of the defeat in the Korean War, he was sentenced to forfeiture of all property and death. Although the Soviet Union and China tried to dissuade Kim Il-sung from executing Pak,[4] Pak was eventually executed for the fabricated accusation of being an American spy.[5]

Life

Early life

Pak was born to a yangban family of the Yeonghae Park lineage in Sinyang-myeon, Yesan County, Chungcheongnam-do. However, he was the illegitimate son of a concubine.

In 1919, he graduated from Kyŏngsŏng Ordinary High School, now Kyunggi High School.[6] In March 1919, he was involved in the March 1st Movement and later independence movements.

Political activities

In 1921, he joined the Shanghai branch of the Communist Party of Korea, Irkutsk faction. At this time, he was secretary of the Korean Communist Youth League. In January 1922, he participated in the Comintern Far East People's Representative Council in Moscow.

Pak Hon-yong was arrested in Korea in April 1922 and was charged with being a Communist Party organizer. He was released in 1924 and became active as a reporter for the newspapers Dong-a Ilbo and Chosun Ilbo.

Underground

On 18 April 1925, Pak Hon-yong became one of the founders of the Communist Party of Korea. From this point until the end of World War II his activities were clandestine.

In 1926, he appeared in court. During the trial, he feigned insanity and ate feces, with the result that he was acquitted in November of that year. Afterwards, he was confined to his home due to his supposed ill-health, but in December he escaped by way of Manchuria to reach the Soviet Union. It was only then that the Japanese realized that he was feigning madness.

In the Soviet Union, he was educated in Communism, returning home in 1940. Back in Korea, he was active in the resistance to Japanese rule.

After World War II

Late in August 1945, the Communist Party of Korea(조선 공산당) was re-established, having been officially disbanded in 1928, and Pak became its secretary. On 5 January 1946, as its representative, he announced at a foreign and domestic press conference that, supporting the decision of the Moscow conference of great powers (UK, US, Soviet Union), Korea was now in the process of a "democratic revolution". After Moscow Conference (1945) his organization the Communist Party of Korea had been oppressed by United States Army Military Government.

In December 1946, he organized the Workers Party of South Korea known as (남로당), and became its first secretary.

South and North Korea negotiations and life in North Korea

In April 1948, he visited North Korea for negotiations, along with Kim Gu and Kim Kyu-sik. In May 1948, the negotiations ended, and he remained in the North.

In September 1948, while keeping his role as secretary of the Workers' Party of South Korea, he became Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister of North Korea.[5]

Pak Hon-yong became secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea when the North and South parties united in April 1950. Pak was the vice chairman of the Politburo of the DPRK from 1949 to 1953.[5] Pak was Foreign Minister of the DPRK until he was ousted and arrested in 1953.[5]

Korean war

According to secret documents of the former Soviet Union released in succession until 2002, Kim Il-sung and Park Hun-young always acted together until the detailed plans of the war were finally decided. Kim Il-sung and Park Hun-young were also on hand during their visit to Moscow from 30 March to 25 April 1950, when they were approved for war by Stalin. During the visit, Kim Il-sung and Park Hun-young met Stalin and got written instructions of detailed war plans.[7]

Arrest and death
Pak Hon-yong, 1952.

Pak Hon-yong was arrested on 3 August 1953 in a purge of the formers members of the Workers' Party of South Korea by Kim Il-sung.[5] On 15 December 1955, he was sentenced to death for espionage. The date of Pak's death is uncertain, though sources suggest that he was executed that same month.[8][9][10]

Works
  • Modern society and our duty
  • Historical viewed of Christian inner
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gollark: Well, this is probably due to windows bad.
gollark: Ah.
gollark: Process invocation isn't *that* slow surely.
gollark: Sounds performant *and* not awful to use!

See also

References
  1. de:Pak Hon-yong
  2. "야, 이 자식아! 전쟁이 잘못되면 나뿐 아니라 너도 책임이 있어!" [You bastard, if the war goes wrong, you're responsible, too!]. Chosun ilbo. 6 June 2010. Retrieved 16 June 2019.
  3. Lee, Chong-Sik (1963). "Politics in North Korea: Pre-Korean War Stage". The China Quarterly. 14 (14): 3–16. doi:10.1017/S0305741000020981. JSTOR 651339.
  4. Ivanov, Vasily Ivanovich, Memorandum of Conversation with Kim Il Sung : April 19, 1956 Wilson Center Digital Archive
  5. Lankov, Andrei (2013). The Real North Korea. Oxford University Press. pp. 13 to 14. ISBN 978-0-19-996429-1.
  6. "영해박씨 박헌영". Bakssi Jokbo website. Retrieved 11 April 2006.
  7. "2010, 인물로 다시 보는 6·25". Chosun ilbo. 24 June 2010. Retrieved 16 June 2019.
  8. Suh, Dae-Sook (1988). Kim Il Sung: The North Korean Leader. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 136. ISBN 9780231065733.
  9. Paige, Glenn D.; Lee, Dong Jun (1963). "The Post-War Politics of Communist Korea". The China Quarterly (14): 17–29. JSTOR 651340.
  10. Deane, Hugh (1996). "Review of The Origins of the Korean War by Bruce Cumings". Science & Society. 60 (2): 252–254. JSTOR 40403565.
Preceded by
-		 Leader of Joseon Communist Party
1927-1946		 Succeeded by
-
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