Order of Military Merit (Canada)

The Order of Military Merit (French: Ordre du mérite militaire) is a military honour for merit that is, within the Canadian system of honours, the second highest order administered by the Governor General-in-Council,[n 1] on behalf of the Canadian monarch.[3]

Order of Military Merit
Commander's badge of the Order of Military Merit
Awarded by the

Monarch of Canada
TypeNational order
Established1 July 1972[1][2]
MottoLatin: Officium ante commodum "Service before self"
EligibilityStanding membership in the Canadian Forces.
CriteriaConspicuous merit and exceptional service
StatusCurrently constituted
SovereignQueen Elizabeth II
ChancellorJulie Payette, Governor General of Canada
Principal CommanderGeneral Jonathan Vance, Chief of the Defence Staff
Grades
  • Commander (CMM)
  • Officer (OMM)
  • Member (MMM)
Statistics
Total inductees3,368
Precedence
Next (higher)Dependent on grade
Next (lower)Dependent on grade

Created in 1972 to replace a grouping within the Order of Canada, the order was established to recognize members of the Canadian Forces—either regular or reserve personnel—who have demonstrated dedication and devotion beyond the call of duty, achieving conspicuous merit and exceptional military service.[1][2] The three tiers of the order are Commander, Officer, and Member; specific individuals may be given extraordinary and deserving non-Canadians granted with honorary appointment into each grade.

Grades and precedence

The Canadian monarch—presently Queen Elizabeth II—is seen as the fount of honour[4] and is thus at the apex of the Order of Military Merit as its sovereign,[n 2] followed by the governor general—currently Julie Payette—who serves as the fellowship's chancellor, and the Chief of the Defence Staff—currently Jonathan Vance—who is the principal commander.[1] Thereafter follow three grades—each having accordant post-nominal letters that are the same in both English and French. Additionally, any governor general, former governor general, or member of the Canadian Royal Family in the Canadian Forces may be appointed as an extraordinary commander, officer, or member.[6] There are no limits to the population of any grade, and promotions are possible, though this is ordinarily not done within five years of the initial appointment.[7] Any person thus honoured must return their lower grade insignia, as no member may at any time hold more than one appointment in the organization.[8] Further, within the order of precedence for Canadian honours, each grade of the Order of Military Merit precedes a similar grade of the Order of Merit of the Police Forces, with commanders succeeding the members of the Order of Canada.[9]

Grades of the Order of Military Merit
GradePost-nominal lettersRibbonRecognizingPrecedingSucceeding
Commander
(French: Commandeur)		 CMM Outstanding meritorious service and demonstrated leadership in duties of great responsibility. As of August 2009, there were 211 living Commanders of the order.[10] Member of the Order of Canada (CM) Commander of the Order of Merit of the Police Forces (COM)
Officer
(French: Officier)		 OMM Outstanding meritorious service in duties of responsibility. As of August 2009, there were 1,021 living Officers of the order.[11] Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (CVO) Officer of the Order of Merit of the Police Forces (OOM)
Member
(French: Membre)		 MMM Exceptional service or performance of duty.[1][2] As of August 2009, there were 2,436 living Members of the order.[12] Lieutenant of the Royal Victorian Order (LVO) Member of the Order of Merit of the Police Forces (MOM)

Insignia
Then governor general Michaëlle Jean wearing the Commander's insignia as a brooch, top on her left shoulder, at Remembrance Day ceremonies in Ottawa, 2007

Upon admission into the Order of Military Merit, members are presented the appropriate insignia, though these remain property of the Crown.[13] The Sovereign's insignia is a jewelled, 18kt gold crown of rubies, emeralds, and sapphires,[14] from which is suspended a blue enamelled cross pattée with four equal arms and three diamonds between each. At the centre is a disc bearing a maple leaf in pavé-laid rubies on a white enamel background, surrounded at its edge by a red enamel ring (annulus) bearing the words MERIT • MÉRITE • CANADA. The Chancellor wears the badge of a Commander, though is also, upon installation as governor general, granted a livery collar for wear at Order of Military Merit investiture ceremonies;[15] this is composed of a series of gold medallions, and supports an enamel rendition of the shield of the Royal Arms of Canada, from which the governor general's badge is suspended.

The badges for inductees are of a similar design to the sovereign's badge, though without precious stones, and slight differences for each grade. For Commanders, the emblem is gilt with a red enamel maple leaf in the gold central disk; for Officers, it is gilt with a gold maple leaf; and for Members, both the badge itself and the maple leaf are silver. The reverse bears only a serial number,[2] and all are topped by a St. Edward's Crown,[16] symbolizing that the order is headed by the sovereign. These insignia are worn with the order's ribbon, which is blue with golden edges.[1][2] Commanders wear the badge at the neck while Officers and Members display theirs on the left breast on a medal bar, suspended by, respectively, a bar of gold or silver decorated with a laurel motif. Women in civilian dress may wear their emblems on a ribbon bow pinned at the left chest. The ribbon bar, worn for undress, is the same for each grade, save for a miniature blue cross pattée with a maple leaf, the colour of which matches that on the badge of the grade that the wearer was appointed to;[16] someone who has been promoted within the order may wear on their ribbon bar the pins of all grades that they have occupied. These same miniatures also serves as a lapel pin for civilian wear.[17]

With the patriation in 1988 of oversight of arms to Canada through the Canadian Heraldic Authority,[18] the constitution of the Order of Military Merit was amended to include the entitlement of all inductees to petition the Chief Herald of Canada for personal armorial bearings,[19] should they not already possess any. Commanders may receive supporters, and all members may have the escutcheon (shield) of their arms encircled with a blue ribbon bearing the order's motto – OFFICIUM ANTE COMMODUM[20] – in gold, and from which is suspended a rendition of the holder's Order of Military Merit badge.[19]

Eligibility and appointment

For military ranks of colonel and above, recommendations for appointment to the Order of Military Merit are made by a commanding officer or military advisory committee to the Chief of the Defence Staff, who then forwards the name or names to the governor general; per the Queen's Regulations and Orders for the Canadian Forces, neither the nominee, nor any member of his or her family, can be notified or otherwise made aware that they have been suggested for induction into the order.[21] Nominations are processed by the Advisory Committee for the Order of Military Merit, which is a part of the Chancellery of Honours at Rideau Hall, and has six members: one appointed by the governor general, four by the Chief of the Defence Staff, and the Chief of the Defence Staff him or herself;[22] the Secretary to the Governor General serves as the Secretary General of the Order of Military Merit.[22]

Appointments take place annually and are limited to 0.1% of the previous year's total population of the Canadian Forces,[23] including reserves; for example, the 60th list included 111 appointments in 2010. Submissions for appointments must be representative of the whole of the Canadian Forces population and nominators are advised that appointments are not necessarily commensurate with senior rank and long service. Many outstanding master seaman, petty officers, and lieutenants are as deserving as senior officers and non-commissioned members. The level of Member is generally reserved for non-commissioned members of the forces, petty officers, and commissioned officers up to the rank of army or air force captain or navy lieutenant,[2][24] while no more than six percent of those appointed to the order in total may be inducted as Commanders,[25] and no more than 30% may be made Officers.[26] Appointments are also not made posthumously, though members of foreign armed forces can be admitted as honorary members in any grade.[8] Still, more than 3,000 individuals have been appointed to the Order of Military Merit since its inception, 2,300 into the rank of Member.[24]

The governor general may, by ordinance, remove someone from the order. On 22 December 2014, the membership of Lieutenant-Colonel Deborah Miller was terminated by Governor General David Johnston in light of military disciplinary action Miller faced for wearing medals and military insignia she did not earn.[27][28]

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See also

Notes
  1. The Order of Canada and the Order of Merit are civilian honours for merit, while the Cross of Valour and Victoria Cross are decorations for bravery.
  2. In royal proclamations issued by the Queen or in her name, the order is thus referred to as "Our Order of Military Merit".[5]

References
  1. Office of the Governor General of Canada, Honours > National Orders > Order of Military Merit, Queen's Printer for Canada, archived from the original on 3 August 2009, retrieved 4 August 2009
  2. Veterans Affairs Canada, Canada Remembers > Records & Collections > Canadian Orders, Medals and Decorations > Canadian Military Medals and Decorations > Modern Honours of Canada > Member of the Order of Military Merit (MMM), Queen's Printer for Canada, retrieved 4 August 2009
  3. Department of National Defence (26 March 2009), "18", Queen's Regulations and Orders for the Canadian Forces (PDF), 1, Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada, p. 1, 18.01, archived from the original (PDF) on 6 July 2011, retrieved 24 July 2009
  4. Royal Canadian Mounted Police, Honours and Recognition Programs > Canadian National Honours, Queen's Printer for Canada, archived from the original on 23 March 2009, retrieved 20 May 2009
  5. Elizabeth II (28 March 2011). "Proclamation Summoning Parliament to Meet on May 30, 2011". Canada Gazette. Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada. 145 (1). Retrieved 14 September 2011.
  6. Elizabeth II (2013), The Constitution of the Order of Military Merit, Queen's Printer for Canada, retrieved 24 June 2013CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  7. Department of National Defence (30 January 2004), The Honours, Flags and Heritage Structure of the Canadian Forces (PDF) (2 ed.), Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada, p. 2D-2, A-AD-200-000/AG-000, archived from the original (PDF) on 3 August 2009, retrieved 4 August 2009
  8. Office of the Governor General of Canada, Honours > National Orders > Order of Military Merit > Eligibility and Nominations, Queen's Printer for Canada, archived from the original on 25 February 2009, retrieved 4 August 2009
  9. Office of the Governor General of Canada, Honours > Order of Precedence, archived from the original on 9 October 2006, retrieved 21 December 2008
  10. Office of the Governor General of Canada, Honours > Order of Military Merit > Honour Received: C.M.M. (Commander), Queen's Printer for Canada, retrieved 4 August 2009
  11. Office of the Governor General of Canada, Honours > Order of Military Merit > Honour Received: O.M.M. (Officer), Queen's Printer for Canada, retrieved 16 June 2015
  12. Office of the Governor General of Canada, Honours > Order of Military Merit > Honour Received: M.M.M. (Member), Queen's Printer for Canada, retrieved 16 June 2015
  13. Elizabeth II (22 August 2003), "Letters Patent Amending the Constitution of the Order of Military Merit", in Public Works and Government Services Canada (ed.), Canada Gazette (PDF), 138, Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada (published 21 February 2004), p. 383, P.C. 2003-1295, archived from the original (PDF) on 6 July 2011, retrieved 5 August 2009
  14. The Royal Collection, e-Gallery > Exhibitions > Queen & Commonwealth > Orders > Canada - Order of Military Merit, Sovereign's Badge, Queen's Printer, retrieved 4 August 2009
  15. "Adrienne Clarkson Installed as Governor General", Canadian Monarchist News, Toronto: Monarchist League of Canada, Autumn 1999 (3), 1999, archived from the original on July 8, 2009, retrieved 29 May 2009
  16. Robertson, Megan C., C > Canada > Orders, Decorations and Medals of Canada > Order of Military Merit, retrieved 4 August 2009
  17. Department of National Defence 2004, p. 2D-1
  18. Office of the Governor General of Canada, Heraldry > The Canadian Heraldic Authority > Creation, Queen's Printer for Canada, archived from the original on 28 October 2005, retrieved 26 July 2009
  19. Elizabeth II 2003, pp. 385–386
  20. Elizabeth II 2003, pp. 387
  21. Department of National Defence 2009, p. 3
  22. Elizabeth II 2003, p. 384
  23. Department of National Defence 2004, p. 2-2-6
  24. Department of National Defence (2008). Medals in a Minute: the Order of Military Merit (Video). Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada.
  25. Elizabeth II 2003, p. 385
  26. Elizabeth II 2003, p. 386
  27. Office of the Governor General of Canada (6 February 2015). "Termination of Order of Military Merit Appointment". Queen's Printer for Canada. Retrieved 25 February 2015.
  28. MacAlpine, Ian (7 October 2014). "Officer receives reprimand, fine for wearing medals she didn't earn". Toronto Sun. Retrieved 25 February 2015.

Further reading
  • Blatherwick, Francis John (2003), Canadian Orders, Decorations and Medals, Unitrade Press, ISBN 978-0-919801-10-3
  • McCreery, Christopher (2015), The Canadian Honours System 2nd Edition, Dundurn Press, ISBN 978-1-4597-2415-0
  • McCreery, Christopher (2012), The Order of Military Merit, Department of National Defence, ISBN 978-1-100-54293-5

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