Ohmdenia

Ohmdenia is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived from the Toarcian stage of the Early Jurassic epoch.[2] Ohmdenia was first described in 1953 by B. Hauff, based on a fossil found in the well-known Posidonia Shale in Holzmaden, Germany. For a long time this animal has been considered a close relative of Birgeria, a great predator typical of the Triassic period with an uncertain systematic position . Further studies have shown similarities with the pachicormiforms, a group of neopolitics considered close to the origin of teleosts and also including giant forms and planctives (e.g. Leedsichthys). Some studies have erroneously indicated Ohmdenia as a synonym of Saurostomus, other studies have instead placed Ohmdenia as an important evolutionary passage between the basal pachicormiforms and the more derived planktivore pachicormiformes.[2]

Ohmdenia
Temporal range: Early Toarcian[1]
~180 Ma
↓
Ohmdenia multidentata fossil
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Subphylum:
Vertebrata
Infraphylum:
Gnathostomata
Superclass:
Osteichthyes
Superfamily:
†Pachycormiformes
Family:
†Pachycormidae
Genus:
Ohmdenia
Species:
O. multidentata
Binomial name
Ohmdenia multidentata
Hauff 1953

Description
Size comparation with relatives (blue)

This animal is known exclusively for an incomplete fossil, but sufficient to reconstruct (at least partially) its appearance. Ohmdenia must have been a large fish, at least two and a half meters long. Ohmdenia was therefore one of the largest bony fishes of the lower Jurassic, surpassed only by the great chondrostei such as Strongylosteus and Gyrosteus . The body had to be relatively slender, with a symmetrical and slender tail. The skull was long and short, and had a jaw equipped with numerous teethsmall, rather robust, rear-facing and placed in an area that extended along the dorsal margin of the jaw. The combination of a long and slender body and a low and elongated skull is unique among the fish related to Ohmdenia (the pachicormiforms).[2]

Paleobiology

The long mouths of Ohmdenia, together with the peculiar teeth, imply a particular diet for this animal. Usually, the pachicormiforms possess thin, needle-like teeth, or large fanged fangs, or are still totally devoid of teeth. Ohmdenia, on the other hand, possessed numerous small backward-facing teeth; this type of dentition is commonly associated with predators that feed on Cephalopods from the soft body. Even the jaws would seem to be less robust than those of the other pachicormiforms. The presence of two fossils of belemnites in the area of the belly of Ohmdenia corroborates the theory that this animal is seen as a predator of molluscs; cephalopods with a soft body.[3]

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See also
  • Prehistoric fish
  • List of prehistoric bony fish

References
  1. Hauff, B. 1953 Ohmdenia multidentata nov. gen. et nov. sp. Ein neuer grober Fischfund aus den Posidonienschiefern des Lias e von Ohmden/Holzmaden in Württemburg. Neues Jahrb. Geol. P.-A. 97, 39–50.
  2. Romano, C. & Brinkmann, W. 2009 Reappraisal of the lower actinopterygian Birgeria stensioei Aldinger, 1931 (Osteichthyes; Birgeriidae) from the Middle Triassic of Monte San Giorgio (Switzerland) and Besano (Italy). Neues Jahrb. Geol. P.-A. 252, 17-31. (doi: 10.1127 / 0077-7749 / 2009 / 0252-0017)
  3. M. Friedmann. 2012. Parallel evolutionary trajectories underlie the origin of the giant suspension-feeding whales and bony fish. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 279: 944-951


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