North American Bus Industries

NABI Bus, LLC (NABI) was a manufacturer of heavy-duty transit buses with its headquarters, bus manufacturing and assembly operations, located in Anniston, Alabama.[1] Its products ranged from 31-feet to 60-feet in length, and were sold to operators throughout the United States and Puerto Rico. NABI's U.S. operations also include an aftermarket parts division in Delaware, Ohio (at the former Flxible factory),[2] and an after-sales service center at Mira Loma, California.[3]

NABI Bus, LLC
Subsidiary
IndustryBus manufacturing
Founded1992
Defunct2015
Headquarters
Anniston, Alabama
ProductsBuses
OwnerNew Flyer Industries
Websitewww.nabusind.com/ 

The company was acquired by New Flyer Industries in 2013,[4] which in 2015 discontinued production of NABI's product lines at the Anniston plant.[5]

History

1992–1999

The company that is now known as NABI was incorporated in the US, in the state of Alabama, in November 1992, under the name American Ikarus, Inc. (American Ikarus). It was incorporated by the First Hungary Fund Limited, (FHF) a Jersey equity investment fund.[6] Its incorporation was accompanied by FHF's concurrent formation of a Hungarian holding company, North American Bus Industries, Kft. (NABI Hungary) owning the shares of American Ikarus. This arrangement—with American Ikarus as a subsidiary of NABI Hungary--(collectively The Group) resulted in FHF's investment being Hungarian-based—in alignment with FHF's objective of investing in business opportunities resulting from the political and economic changes then taking place in Hungary. American Ikarus simultaneously acquired the assets of Ikarus USA, Inc. (Ikarus USA) a bus manufacturing subsidiary of the Union City Body Company, Inc. (UCBC) of Union City, Indiana.[7] Such assets included facilities in Alabama, miscellaneous equipment and inventory.

UCBC and Ikarus USA had been parties to a strategic alliance with Ikarus Body and Coach Building Works of Budapest, Hungary. (Ikarus Hungary) At the time, Ikarus Hungary was a very large bus manufacturer having multiple plants in Hungary, with a production output during the 1980s of over 13,000 buses per year.[8][9] Simultaneously with the formation of American Ikarus, the previously established strategic alliance between Ikarus USA and Ikarus Hungary was assigned to the newly incorporated American Ikarus.

At the time of incorporation, it was planned that American Ikarus would purchase unfinished buses from Ikarus Hungary under its strategic alliance, ship them to the U.S. and perform final assembly at its Alabama plant. This arrangement provided certain engineering and manufacturing benefits and allowed compliance with "Buy America" requirements of the Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1982 which established American content requirements for federally assisted rolling stock procurements, including transit buses. Such vehicles had already been designed by Ikarus Hungary specifically for the U.S. market, with unfinished buses having been produced previously by Ikarus Hungary under the same strategic alliance with Ikarus USA. These vehicles were the Model 416 forty-foot standard-floor transit bus and its larger sibling, the Model 436 sixty-foot articulated transit bus.

The plant in Anniston, AL opened in 1993 under this business arrangement, performing final assembly operations, delivery and after-sales service using unfinished knock-down buses produced in Hungary. Delivery of unfinished buses was accomplished by rail shipment from Budapest to Bremerhaven, then shipment by roll-on/roll-off ocean vessels to Charleston, SC, and then by delivery on flatbed trailers to Anniston, AL.

At the time of incorporation, Ikarus' business was in decline due to unusual political and economic changes following the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. Such decline continued after The Group's formation, resulting in the shutdown of one of Ikarus' plants in Budapest. This plant was purchased from Ikarus Hungary by NABI, Kft. which simultaneously entered a license agreement with Ikarus Hungary allowing NABI, Kft. to produce its own unfinished buses in Budapest and deliver them to its subsidiary in Alabama for final assembly and delivery to U.S. customers. In 1994 The Group began use of this manufacturing arrangement with no further involvement of Ikarus Hungary other than its role as licensor of the Model 416 and Model 436 standard-floor transit bus designs.

In 1996, the company began aggressive expansion of its aftermarket parts department which had previously supplied service parts only for its own products. This expansion was accomplished by hiring individuals previously employed within the aftermarket parts organization of the defunct Flxible Corporation, which had recently discontinued transit bus manufacturing and aftermarket parts operations in Ohio. Once hired, this group leased facilities in Ohio, and began to expand the sale of aftermarket parts to operators of competing makes of buses.

Also in 1996, American Ikarus, Inc. was renamed "North American Bus Industries, Inc." due to the dissolution of its affiliation with Ikarus Hungary some years earlier, and because the company was easily and incorrectly confused with the no longer related Ikarus Hungary, which had fallen into further distress due to continued decline of its European markets.

In 1997, NABI Kft. was re-registered in Hungary from a limited liability company to NABI, Rt., a joint stock company, allowing it to raise capital via public offering. Thereafter, in August of that year, the company raised $US 27.1 million in a public offering, with its shares listed on the Budapest Stock Exchange. FHF retained approximately 56% of NABI, Rt. shares, with the remainder of the shares publicly traded.

Also in 1997, NABI Hungary was certified as conforming to the ISO 9001 quality and organizational standard, with NABI, Inc. becoming ISO 9001 certified the following year. In 1998, The Group also implemented the use of BaaN, an integrated enterprise resource planning system. Additionally, 1998 marked the introduction of NABI's new, 40-foot low-floor Model 40-LFW transit bus. (35-foot and 31-foot variants of this product were later derived).

2000–2009

In 2000, The Group announced its move into the European bus market with NABI, Inc.'s debt-financed acquisition of all of the shares of the Optare Group, (Optare) of Leeds, U.K. for $US 28.5 million, making Optare a NABI, Inc. subsidiary. Anticipated benefits included immediate participation in the European market as well as eventual European market participation with a new, composite-structured bus then under development. Plans also included the derivation of certain left-hand-drive Optare products for U.S. and Hungarian markets.

Although there had been previous moderate expansion of NABI's Anniston, AL facility, 2001 marked additional and substantial factory expansion, taking the Anniston, AL plant to over 250,000 square feet (under roof). 2001 also marked derivation of the 30-foot NABI Model 30-LFN which was a left-hand-drive derivative of the recently developed Optare "Solo" being sold in the UK. Sale of these small low-floor buses commenced to private and public operators within the U.S. An additional outgrowth of the Optare acquisition was the sale of a small number of full-size (11 meter) NABI Model 700SE's the following year in Hungary. These were derived from the Optare Excel, and were produced on Scania chassis.

In 2002, NABI Hungary completed construction of a new plant in Kaposvár, Hungary.[10] This new plant was purpose-built for the manufacture of the CompoBus, a new, composite-structured low-floor bus. Production of CompoBuses began inn earnest in 2003, with a significantly greater portion of this particular NABI product produced in Hungary than with other NABI products.

This new CompoBus manufacturing arrangement—unique for NABI—resulted in these buses being short of the FTA's normal Buy America requirements. However, NABI had sought Buy America waivers associated with the development of this new bus model, and had been granted two such waivers by the FTA. The first waiver allowed NABI to assemble its CompoBus outside the United States, and the second allowed it to count the composite chassis/frame as domestic for purposes of calculating the domestic component content of the vehicle. Both waivers applied to FTA funded procurements for which solicitations were issued within two years of the date of the waiver letter. That same year NABI introduced the 60-LFW, a new 60-foot low-floor articulated derivative of its 40-LFW model developed some years earlier.

In late 2004, NABI unveiled a new 60-foot low-floor articulated bus with rail-like styling, which had been in development since early 2003. This new product was designated the Model 60-BRT. Delivery of production versions began the following year, and a shorter, 42-foot derivative was eventually produced.

After continuing disappointing financial results through 2004, NABI, Inc. sold its Optare subsidiary in 2005,[11] and it also idled its composite bus production facility in Kaposvar, laying off 23% of its workforce in Hungary. The shutdown was due to uncertain future demand for the CompoBus and the weakened U.S. dollar. Also, in December 2005, the FTA refused to extend the previously granted waivers exempting the CompoBus from Buy America requirements.

In early 2006, NABI entered a preliminary agreement with affiliates of Cerberus Capital Management, L.P. (Cerberus) for the acquisition of all of the shares of NABI, Inc. and the business assets of NABI Rt. This transaction was completed in February 2006.[12] (Concurrently, the Hungarian company that was not being acquired changed its name to ExBus, relegating itself to asset management unrelated to NABI.)[13]

In August 2006, NABI announced its acquisition of Optima Bus Corporation in Wichita, KS (Optima) for an undisclosed amount. A short time later, it was announced that Cerberus had also acquired Blue Bird Corporation of Ft. Valley, GA (Blue Bird) thus rendering it a "sister" to NABI, Inc.[12]

In June 2007, Optima's operations in Wichita, KS were shut down, and work-in-process, inventory and tooling for Optima's products were moved to NABI's Anniston, AL plant. At generally the same time, the work-in-process, tooling and inventory for Blue Bird's commercial buses were acquired by NABI and was also transferred to NABI, Inc.'s plant. NABI, Inc. elected to retain the names these products, and began producing these smaller buses at its Anniston, AL plant, thus adding Optima and Blue Bird brands to its product portfolio.

Generally at this same time, NABI also shifted the manufacture of its standard-floor model 416 unfinished buses from Hungary to newly leased facilities adjoining its existing Anniston, AL plant. Under this arrangement, standard-floor body structures and other vehicle elements are fabricated at the adjoining facility and are then towed a short distance into NABI's final assembly operation.

In late 2007, NABI began re-commissioning its CompoBus production plant in Kaposvar, simultaneously shifting certain assembly operations to Anniston and thus rendering the CompoBus compliant with Buy America requirements. CompoBus deliveries resumed in 2008 without the need for further waivers from the FTA.

2008 also saw additional expansion at NABI's Anniston, AL plant with the installation of a new, robotic paint system. This expansion took the Anniston plant to approximately 1/3 million square feet under roof, not including adjacent leased facilities used for manufacture of standard-floor unfinished buses.

2010–present

Attempts to integrate the production of the smaller Optima and Blue Bird buses into NABI's operations eventually proved disruptive, and in 2010, NABI discontinued the production of its Optima and Blue Bird brand commercial bus products.

The following year, NABI commissioned a new fabrication shop at its plant, equipped with robotic laser cutting equipment as well as tube bending and other new fabrication equipment. At approximately the same time, new body assembly tooling for low-floor buses was installed at its adjoining body fabrication facility. With these changes in place, NABI shifted the manufacturing of its metal-structured low-floor unfinished buses from Hungary to the same facility that had already begun manufacturing NABI's standard-floor products in Alabama a few years earlier.

Also in 2010, NABI unveiled its new 12-meter Sirius bus at its plant in Kaposvar, Hungary. This new product, produced on an MAN chassis, was developed for Hungarian public transportation operators.

In 2011, NABI unveiled new styling for its metal-structured low-floor product and its CompoBus. Restyling of both products was accomplished primarily by using a redesigned front mask, leaving the body structure unchanged from earlier versions of the same models. Also, a 40-foot CompoBus prototype incorporating the new styling was also produced.

On April 30, 2013, after completing a large order of CompoBuses for the Los Angeles MTA, NABI produced its final CompoBus in Hungary. At the same time, NABI elected to discontinue promotion of its Hungarian Sirius bus, thus ending all production in Hungary and relegating all manufacturing and final assembly activities to its facilities in the USA.

On June 21, 2013, New Flyer Industries announced the acquisition of North American Bus Industries, Inc from Cerberus Capital Management, L.P. (Cerberus) for $79 million. The deal was completed later that day. However, New Flyer continued the NABI name for its existing bus products, which continued in production for the time being. This made NABI a subsidiary of New Flyer, using the legal name of NABI Bus, LLC.[14] The Blue Bird school bus production assets were not included in the sale to New Flyer; they remain owned by Cerberus. As of late 2013, all of New Flyer's metal-structured bus production (with the exception of the MiDi, a product of the New Flyer–Alexander Dennis joint venture) is now under the NABI brand.

In June 2014, New Flyer announced that the NABI product line would be discontinued after existing orders are filled. The last bus, which was built for the Dallas Area Rapid Transit system, was completed in late October 2015.[15] Since then, New Flyer has exclusively produced its "Xcelsior" product line at the former NABI Anniston plant, under the new name of New Flyer of America, Inc.[5]

Production

Although NABI has utilized various manufacturing arrangements throughout its history, it has produced its metal-structured products entirely in Anniston. These metal-structured buses consisted of the standard-floor model 416 (40-foot length), the low-floor Model LFW (produced in 31-foot, 35-foot and 40-foot lengths) and the low-floor BRT (produced in 42-foot and 60-foot lengths).

All NABI products comply with current U.S. DOT Buy America requirements for federally funded transit bus procurements, including domestic component value requirements as well as final assembly requirements.

Products

Products at time of discontinuation
Model name Length Width Photo Fuel and propulsion type
NABI BRT[16] 42.42 ft (12.93 m)
60 ft (18.29 m)		 102 in (2.59 m) CNG, Diesel, Diesel-electric hybrid
NABI LFW[17] 31.58 ft (9.63 m)
36 ft (10.97 m)
40.67 ft (12.40 m)		 102 in (2.59 m) CNG, Diesel, Diesel-electric hybrid
(LNG previously offered)

Historical products
Model name Discontinued Length Photo Fuel and propulsion type Notes
NABI-Optare 700 SE 2000s 12.0 m Diesel A badge-engineered Optare Excel, designed for the European market.
30-LFN 2005 30 ft (9.14 m) Diesel A badge-engineered Optare Solo. Discontinued after NABI sold Optare.
436 (60-SFW) 2008 60 ft (18.29 m) Diesel The last set of buses were built in 2002 for SamTrans.
CompoBus 2013 40 ft (12.19 m)
45 ft (13.72 m)		 CNG, Diesel, Diesel-electric hybrid Operators include Los Angeles Metro (LACMTA) and Valley Metro.
Sirius [18] 2013 41.6 ft (12.68 m) CNG, Diesel, Diesel-electric hybrid Vehicle designed for the European market.
416 2014 40 ft (12.19 m) CNG, Diesel, Diesel-electric hybrid
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References
  1. "About NABI Bus". Archived from the original on 17 July 2014. Retrieved 21 May 2013.
  2. "Aftermarket Parts". Archived from the original on 19 March 2014. Retrieved 21 May 2013.
  3. "Customer Service". Archived from the original on 19 March 2014. Retrieved 21 May 2013.
  4. "New Flyer Confirms the Successful Closing of North American Bus Industries, Inc. Acquisition and Related Financing Transactions". June 21, 2013. Retrieved September 20, 2017.
  5. "New Flyer to Focus on Xcelsior® as Single Heavy-Duty and BRT Transit Bus Platform". June 24, 2014. Archived from the original on 2016-03-14. Retrieved 12 October 2016.
  6. "North American Bus Industries Group". Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved 21 May 2013.
  7. "Chapter 12: Ikarus Buses". Archived from the original on 12 June 2013. Retrieved 21 May 2013.
  8. Anders, George (March 28, 1984). "Soviet Bloc Bus Builder Hits Bumpy Road in U.S.". The Wall Street Journal (Eastern edition). p. 1.
  9. Bushell, Chris; and Stonham, Peter (eds.) (1986). Jane's Urban Transport Systems 1986, pp. 484–486. London: Jane's Publishing Company. ISBN 0-7106-0826-8.
  10. "Nabi unveils new factory in Kaposvar". 7 January 2002. Archived from the original on 2014-06-28. Retrieved 21 May 2013.
  11. "NABI - 2005 Annual Report" (PDF). 28 February 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 21 May 2013.
  12. "NABI Acquires Optima Bus; Cerberus to Acquire Blue Bird". American Public Transit Association. 4 September 2006. Archived from the original on October 30, 2015. Retrieved 21 May 2013.
  13. "Budapest Business Journal". Archived from the original on September 12, 2006.
  14. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-06-26. Retrieved 2013-06-30.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  15. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-10-20. Retrieved 2015-10-20.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  16. "BRT model information". nabiusa.com. Archived from the original on 2014-03-19. Retrieved 2012-11-27.
  17. "LFW model information". nabiusa.com. Archived from the original on 2014-03-19. Retrieved 2012-11-27.
  18. "Sirius model information (Hungarian)". Nabi.hu. 2012-04-27. Archived from the original on 2012-11-02. Retrieved 2012-11-27.
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