Nordic art

Nordic art is the art made in the Nordic countries: Denmark, Faroe Islands, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and associated territories. Scandinavian art refers to a subset of Nordic art and is art specific for the Scandinavian countries Denmark, Sweden and Norway.

Norse art, the art of the Vikings, is a form of Nordic art from a particular period of time.

History

Prehistoric
Further information: Finnish rock art and Astuvansalmi rock paintings

Viking age

Viking Age art is a term for the art of Scandinavia and Viking settlements elsewhere, especially in the British Isles, during the Viking Age. It has many elements in common with Celtic art, Romanesque art and East-European (Eurasian). The Vikings were active in the Nordic countries between the late Early Middle Ages and the early portion of the High Middle Ages. There are three main artistic styles from that period: Jelling style, Ringerike style, and Urnes style. Jelling is named after a Danish royal grave in Jutland and usually involves heavy animal designs. The Ringerike style includes foliage ornaments and interlacing. The style is named after the district in Norway where examples of Ringerike exist in local sandstone. The Ringerike style can also be seen in English manuscripts, and there are also some carvings in ivory which are done in this style. The Urnes style is named after the detailed designs on the carved doors of Urnes Stave Church in the Sognefjord. The style has influenced English Christian art.[1]

The main symbol of the Viking Age is the Viking ship. Not only was it used as a war and trade vessel, it demonstrated true individual design and art. An example of this comes from a ship burial in Norway, near the sea at Oseberg. Over 70 feet long, it held the remains of two women and many precious objects that were probably removed by robbers early before discovery. The head is 5 inches high and dates back to 834. It is currently located at the Viking Ship Museum, Bygdøy. The head of the ship represents a roaring beast with surface ornamentation in the form of interwoven animals that twist and turn as they are gripping and snapping.[2]

During the 11th century many Scandinavians became Christian. However, their abstract art persisted. The decoration of the wooden portal of the stave church located in Urnes, Norway is abstractly made up of animal forms that tightly intertwine with flexible plant stalks following a spiral rhythm. This is one of the few remains left from this time which were later incorporated in the walls of a 12th-century church.

During this time while the abstract and animal motifs were spreading in art, the northern Europe Christian missionaries were building monasteries and sponsoring art with Christian content which was very different from art created before.[2]

Post Renaissance

Danish
Main articles: Danish art, Danish sculpture, Danish design, Church frescos in Denmark, Photography in Denmark, and Danish Golden Age

Danish art goes back thousands of years with significant artifacts from the 2nd millennium BC, such as the Trundholm sun chariot. Art from modern Denmark forms part of the art of the Nordic Bronze Age, and then Norse and Viking art. Danish medieval painting is almost entirely known from church frescoes such as those from the 16th-century artist known as the Elmelunde Master.

Finnish
Main article: Finnish art

Finland artists have made major contributions to handicrafts and Industrial design. Famous Finnish artists and sculptors include Wäinö Aaltonen, Eliel Saarinen, Eero Saarinen and Alvar Aalto.

Icelandic
Main articles: Icelandic art and List of Icelandic artists
The artwork Mother Earth at the Vatnsfell Hydropower plant in Iceland (2005)

Icelandic art has been built on northern European traditions of the nineteenth century, but developed in distinct directions in the twentieth century, influenced in particular by the unique Icelandic landscape as well as by Icelandic mythology and culture.

Norwegian
Main articles: Norwegian art and Rosemaling

Norwegian art came into its own in the 19th century, especially with the early landscape painters. Until that time, the art scene in Norway had been dominated by imports from Germany and Holland and by the influence of Danish rule. Initially with landscape art, later with Impressionism and Realism. One of Norway's most well-known artists is Edvard Munch (1863–1944).

Swedish
Anders Zorn, Self-portrait (1882)
Carl Larsson, Flowers on the windowsill (1894)
Main articles: Swedish art and Church frescos in Sweden

Among famous Swedish artists are Johan Tobias Sergel (1740–1814), Carl Larsson (1853–1919), Anders Zorn (1860–1920), Carl Eldh (1873–1954) and Carl Milles (1875–1955).

Art festivals

Art museums/galleries

Denmark

There are many art museums in Denmark, including:

Finland

There are quite a large number of art museums in Finland. The following art museums are found in the country's capital city, Helsinki.

  • DESIGNMUSEUM[8]
  • Helsinki City Art Museum[9]
  • Finnish Museum of Photography[10]

Art award ceremonies

In 1988, Carnegie Investment Bank established the Carnegie Art Award to be presented to artists born in, or living in, the Nordic countries.[11] In 2012, the Norwegian monarchy established the Queen Sonja Nordic Art Award.[12]

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References
  1. Terri Mapes. "Art In Scandinavia: Scandinavian Art History Styles". About.com. Retrieved 2014-01-22.
  2. Kleiner, Gardner's Art Through The Ages: The Western Perspective, Volume I, 288.
  3. "The National Museum". VisitDenmark. Retrieved 2014-01-26.
  4. "The National Gallery of Denmark". VisitDenmark. Retrieved 2014-01-26.
  5. "Louisiana Museum of Modern Art". VisitDenmark. Retrieved 2014-01-26.
  6. "Rosenborg Castle". VisitDenmark. Retrieved 2014-01-26.
  7. "Ateneum Art Museum". Ateneum.fi. Archived from the original on 2015-02-10. Retrieved 2014-01-26.
  8. "Modern Finnish Design Resources". Finnish Design. Retrieved 2014-01-26.
  9. "Helsinki City Art Museum". Hel.fi. 2014-01-14. Retrieved 2014-01-26.
  10. "The Finnish Museum of Photography". Valokuvataiteenmuseo.fi. Retrieved 2014-01-26.
  11. "About - Carnegie Art Award". Carnegie Investment Bank. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
  12. "The Queen Sonja Nordic Art Award". The Royal House of Norway. Retrieved 23 January 2014.

Further reading
  • Neil Kent (1987) The triumph of light and nature: Nordic art, 1740–1940, New York, N.Y.: Thames and Hudson. ISBN 0500234914
  • Signe Horn Fug (1980) Some aspects of the Ringerike style: a phase of 11th century Scandinavian art, Odense University Press. ISBN 8774921835
  • Joan Templeton (2008) Munch's Ibsen: a painter's visions of a playwright, Seattle: University of Washington Press. ISBN 9780295987767
  • Markku Valkonen (1992) The golden age: Finnish art, 1850 to 1907, Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö Publishing Company ISBN 9510175706
  • David M. Wilson and Ole Klindt-Jensen (1980) Viking art (Translation of Vikingetidens kunst by Klindt-Jensen and Wilson), Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 0816609748
  • Jackson, David; Groninger Museum; Hypo-Kulturstiftung (Munich, Germany). Kunsthalle (2012), Nordic art: the modern breakthrough 1860-1920, Hirmer, ISBN 978-3-7774-7081-8
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