Mydas fly

The Mydidae (sometimes misspelled as Mydaidae), or Mydas flies, are a cosmopolitan family of flies. It is a small family, with about 471 species described.[1] They are generally large in size, including the largest known fly, Gauromydas heros (syn. Mydas heros). Many of the species, in addition to their large size, are mimics of stinging hymenopterans, especially wasps. Most mydids are found in arid and semiarid regions of the world,[1] but they are also found in other habitats.

Mydas flies
Gauromydas heros
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Diptera
Superfamily:	Asiloidea
Family:	Mydidae Latreille, 1809
Subfamilies
Anomalomydinae Apiophorinae Cacatuopyginae Diochlistinae Ectyphinae Leptomydinae Megascelinae Mydinae Rhapiomidinae Rhopaliinae Syllegomydinae

Wing venation of Mydas sp.

Biology

Little is known about their biology, though Zikan reported the larvae of Gauromydas heros live in the subterranean detritus "pans" of Atta ants in southern Brazil, where they appear to be feeding on detritivorous Dynastinae (Coelosis spp.) larvae. In the U.S., Mydas brunneus, Mydas clavatus, and Mydas tibialis larvae are predatory on deadwood-feeding scarab beetle larvae (Osmoderma spp.) and can be found in standing and downed trees with extensive heart rot. Others (e.g. Mydas maculiventris) are subterranean and feed on "white grubs" (Scarabaeidae: genus Phyllophaga) that attack the roots of grasses and could be potential biocontrol agents of white grubs in sod production areas. Larvae typically take two or three years to mature. Adults of several species are avid flower visitors and act as pollinating agents. Rattlesnake master (Eryngium yuccifolium) is a favorite nectar source in the Midwest. They are infrequently encountered as the adult lifespan can be quite short.

Description

For terms see Morphology of Diptera.

Mydids are medium-sized to very large flies (9–60 mm in body length). The abdomen is long and cylindrical in section. It is slightly tapered apically in the male, and usually widest at segment four in the female. The second segment of the antenna forms a club. Mydids are sparsely pilose, and lack bristles except on the legs. The hind leg is much longer and stronger than both the middle leg and the fore leg and the hind femur is usually swollen and bears ventral spines. The hind tibia has an apical spur or bristles. The wings are long, and narrow to wide. Most of the veins end in the upper margin before the apex.[2]

Classification

The classification of the family has changed fairly recently, with the inclusion of a few genera that were previously placed in the family Apioceridae. Apiocerids have long been given the common name "flower-loving flies", but only the group of "flower-loving flies" that actually visit flowers were transferred to the Mydidae. Among the genera transferred is Rhaphiomidas, which includes one of the few Diptera on the United States' Endangered Species List, the Delhi Sands flower-loving fly (Rhaphiomidas terminatus abdominalis).[3][4]

Species lists

• West Palaearctic including Russia
• Australasian/Oceanian
• Nearctic
• Japan
• World list

Genera

These 63 genera belong to the family Mydidae:

• Afroleptomydas ^{c g}
• Afromydas ^{c g}
• Agaperemius ^{c g}
• Anomalomydas ^{c g}
• Apiophora ^{c g}
• Arenomydas ^{c g}
• Baliomydas ^{c g}
• Cephalocera ^{c g}
• Cephalocerodes ^{c g}
• Ceriomydas ^{c g}
• Charimydas ^{c g}
• Diochlistus ^{c g}
• Dolichogaster ^{c g}
• Ectyphus ^{c g}
• Eremohaplomydas ^{c g}
• Eremomidas ^{c g}
• Eumydas ^{c g}
• Gauromydas ^{c g}
• Halterorchis ^{c g}
• Haplomydas ^{c g}
• Hessemydas ^{c g}
• Heteroleptomydas ^{c g}
• Heteromydas Hardy, 1945 ^{i c g b}
• Hispanomydas ^{c g}
• Lachnocorynus ^{c g}
• Leptomydas ^{c g}
• Mahafalymydas ^{c g}
• Mapinguari ^{c g}
• Megascelus ^{c g}
• Messiasia d'Andretta, 1951 ^{i c g b}
• Midacritus ^{c g}
• Miltinus ^{c g}
• Mimadelphus ^{c g}
• Mitrodetus ^{c g}
• Mydas Fabricius, 1794 ^{i c g b}
• Mydaselpis ^{c g}
• Namadytes ^{c g}
• Namibimydas ^{c g}
• Nemomydas Curran, 1934 ^{i c g b}
• Neolaparopsis ^{c g}
• Neorhaphiomidas ^{c g}
• Nomoneura ^{c g}
• Nomoneuroides ^{c g}
• Nothomydas ^{c g}
• Notosyllegomydas ^{c g}
• Opomydas Curran, 1934 ^{i c g b}
• Oreomydas ^{c g}
• Paramydas ^{c g}
• Parectyphus ^{c g}
• Perissocerus ^{c g}
• Phyllomydas Bigot, 1880 ^{i c g b}
• Plyomydas ^{c g}
• Protomydas ^{c g}
• Pseudonomoneura ^{i c g b}
• Pseudorhopalia Wilcox & Papavero, 1971 ^g
• Rhaphiomidas Osten-Sacken, 1877 ^{i c g b}
• Rhopalia ^{c g}
• Rhopaliana ^{c g}
• Stratiomydas Wilcox & Pimentel, 1989 ^{c g b}
• Syllegomydas ^{c g}
• Tongamya ^{c g}
• Utinga ^{c g}
• Vespiodes ^{c g}

Data sources: i = ITIS,[5] c = Catalogue of Life,[6] g = GBIF,[7] b = Bugguide.net[8]

References

1. Lyons, Kathleen; Dikow, Torsten (29 December 2010). "Taxonomic revision of Ectyphus Gerstaecker, 1868 and Parectyphus Hesse, 1972 with a key to world Ectyphinae (Insecta, Diptera, Mydidae)". ZooKeys. 73: 25–59. doi:10.3897/zookeys.73.840. PMC 3088457. PMID 21594051.
2. Calhau, Julia; Lamas, Carlos José Einicker; Nihei, Silvio Shigueo (2015). "Review of the Gauromydas giant flies (Insecta, Diptera, Mydidae), with descriptions of two new species from Central and South America" (PDF). Zootaxa. Auckland, New Zealand: Magnolia Press. 4048 (3): 392–411. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4048.3.3. ISSN 1175-5326. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
3. Wilcox, J.; Papavero, N. (1971). "The American genera of Mydidae (Diptera) with the description of three new genera and two new species". Arquivos de Zoologia. São Paulo. 21 (2): 41–119 & 2 Plates. doi:10.11606/issn.2176-7793.v21i2p41-119. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
4. Wilcox, J.; Papavero, N. (1975). "Studies of Mydidae (Diptera) systematics and evolution. III. The genus Messiasia d'Andretta in the Americas (Mydinae)". Arquivos de Zoologia. São Paulo. 26 (1): 1–48. doi:10.11606/issn.2176-7793.v26i1p1-48. Retrieved 17 March 2017.
5. "Mydidae Report". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2018-04-12.
6. "Browse Mydidae". Catalogue of Life. Retrieved 2018-04-12.
7. "Mydidae". GBIF. Retrieved 2018-04-12.
8. "Mydidae Family Information". BugGuide.net. Retrieved 2018-04-12.

External links

• Torsten Dikow's Website on Mydidae
• Mydidae Tree of Life
• Family Mydidae at EOL
• Mydidae in Italian