Muzaffarnagar

Muzaffarnagar (pronunciation ) is a city under Muzaffarnagar Urban Metropolitan Region and is controlled by municipal board in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is a part of the National Capital Region (NCR). It is the headquarters of the Muzaffarnagar district. It is situated midway on Delhi - Haridwar/Dehradun National Highway (NH 58), the city is also well connected with the national railway network.

This article is about the municipality in Uttar Pradesh, India. For its namesake district, see Meerut district.

Muzaffarnagar
City
Nickname(s): 
Sugar Bowl of India
Muzaffarnagar
Coordinates: 29°28′56″N 77°42′00″E
CountryIndia
StateUttar Pradesh
DistrictMuzaffarnagar
First Settled1399
Founded1633
Incorporated as City1826
Founded bySaiyed Muzaffar Ali khan
Named forSaiyed Muzaffar Ali khan
Government
 • BodyMunicipal Board of Muzaffarnagar
 • District MagistrateMrs Selva Kumari[1]
 • Member of Parliament, Lok SabhaSanjeev Kumar Balyan (BJP)
 • Member of Legislative Assembly Kapil Dev Agarwal (BJP)
Area
 • Total204.8 km2 (79.1 sq mi)
Dimensions
 • Length16.3 km (10.1 mi)
 • Width16 km (10 mi)
Elevation
248 m (814 ft)
Population
 (2011)[2]
 • Total495,543
 • Rank15 (In U.P.)
 • Density2,400/km2 (6,300/sq mi)
 • City
392,768
Demonym(s)Muzaffarnagari
Languages
 • OfficialHindi,English and Urdu
 • Literacy rate80.99
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
251001
PIN
251002
Telephone code0131
Vehicle registrationUP-12
First newspaperDainik Dehat (est. 1936)
Websitemuzaffarnagar.nic.in

The city is located in the middle of highly fertile upper Ganga-Yamuna Doab region and is very near to the New Delhi and Saharanpur, making it one of the most developed and prosperous cities of Uttar Pradesh. This city is part of Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC) and Amritsar Delhi Kolkata Industrial Corridor (ADKIC). It is the principal commercial, industrial and educational hub of Western Uttar Pradesh. As of July 2019, Ms Selva Kumari is the District Magistrate of Muzaffarnagar.[1]

History

The town was renamed in 1633 by the son of a Mughal Commander Sayyid Muzaffar Khan during the reign of Shah Jahan, which was earlier ruled by Maulaheri jats with the name of Sarwat(sarasvatipura).In 1947,When the country got independence Late Shri Keshav Gupta,a renowned freedom fighter went on to become the first MLA from Muzaffarnagar constituency following which the Indian flag was hoisted for the first time at his residence in the Muzaffarnagar City.[3]

In 1901, during the British Raj, it was district in the Meerut Division in United Provinces of Agra and Oudh.[4]

2013 Muzaffarnagar riots

The 2013 Muzaffarnagar riots between Hindus and Muslims resulted in 62 deaths.[5]

According to a May 2015 report in India Today:

Shamli and adjoining Muzaffarnagar districts are considered sensitive ever since large-scale communal violence erupted in August and September 2013. More than 50 people had died and over 50,000 were rendered homeless ... The riot that ensued had engulfed many districts of western UP.[6]

There is a growing demand to change the name of city Muzaffarnagar to Lakshminagar.

Geography

MuzaffarNagar is 272 meters above sea level[7] in the Doab region of Indo-Gangetic Plain. It is 125 kilometres NE of the national capital, Delhi, and 200 kilometres SE of Chandigarh, and near to Bijnor, Meerut and Hastinapur.

Climate
Main article: Climate of Uttar Pradesh

Muzaffarnagar has a monsoon influenced humid subtropical climate characterised by much hot summers and cooler winters. Summers last from early April to late June and are extremely hot. The monsoon arrives in late June and continues till the middle of September. Temperatures drop slightly, with plenty of cloud cover but with higher humidity. Temperatures rise again in October and the city then has a mild, dry winter season from late October to the middle of March. June is the warmest month of the year.

The temperature in June averages 30.2 °C. In January, the average temperature is 12.5 °C. It is the lowest average temperature of the whole year. The average annual temperature in Muzaffarnagar is 24.2 °C. The highest and lowest temperatures ever recorded in Muzaffarnagar are 45 °C (113 °F) on 29 may,1994 and −0.9 °C (30.4 °F) respectively. The rainfall here averages 929 mm. The driest month is November, with 8 mm of rain. Highest precipitation falls in July, with an average of 261.4 mm.

Climate data for Muzaffarnagar (1981–2010, extremes 1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 28.9
(84.0)		 31.5
(88.7)		 37.4
(99.3)		 42.6
(108.7)		 45.0
(113.0)		 44.4
(111.9)		 42.0
(107.6)		 39.0
(102.2)		 37.0
(98.6)		 42.0
(107.6)		 33.1
(91.6)		 28.7
(83.7)		 45.0
(113.0)
Average high °C (°F) 19.2
(66.6)		 22.7
(72.9)		 27.9
(82.2)		 34.6
(94.3)		 37.4
(99.3)		 36.3
(97.3)		 33.2
(91.8)		 32.2
(90.0)		 32.2
(90.0)		 30.7
(87.3)		 26.3
(79.3)		 21.4
(70.5)		 29.5
(85.1)
Average low °C (°F) 5.8
(42.4)		 8.4
(47.1)		 12.4
(54.3)		 17.6
(63.7)		 22.2
(72.0)		 24.1
(75.4)		 24.9
(76.8)		 24.5
(76.1)		 22.3
(72.1)		 15.8
(60.4)		 10.0
(50.0)		 6.3
(43.3)		 16.2
(61.2)
Record low °C (°F) −0.9
(30.4)		 1.5
(34.7)		 0.0
(32.0)		 6.2
(43.2)		 11.0
(51.8)		 15.4
(59.7)		 18.4
(65.1)		 17.4
(63.3)		 12.6
(54.7)		 7.0
(44.6)		 2.6
(36.7)		 −2.6
(27.3)		 −2.6
(27.3)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 25.1
(0.99)		 32.7
(1.29)		 23.5
(0.93)		 10.5
(0.41)		 25.6
(1.01)		 94.4
(3.72)		 261.4
(10.29)		 254.6
(10.02)		 162.2
(6.39)		 19.0
(0.75)		 8.0
(0.31)		 11.9
(0.47)		 929.0
(36.57)
Average rainy days 1.9 2.5 2.2 1.2 2.1 4.4 9.5 9.9 5.5 1.1 0.5 1.1 42.0
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) 58 51 45 31 34 48 69 72 65 54 54 58 53
Source: India Meteorological Department[8]

Demographics

As of the 2011 census, Muzaffar Nagar municipality had a population of 392,451[2] and the urban agglomeration had a population of 494,792.[9] The municipality had a sex ratio of 897 females per 1,000 males and 12.2% of the population were under six years old.[2] Effective literacy was 80.99%; male literacy was 85.82% and female literacy was 75.65%.[2]

The city has 55.79% Hindus, 41.39% Muslims, 1.5% Sikhs, 0.5% Christians and 2% Jains.[10]

Muzaffarnagar city is governed by Municipal Council which comes under the remit of the Muzaffarnagar Urban Agglomeration. The city's population is 392,451; the urban/metropolitan population is 494,792, of which 261,338 are males and 233,454 are females.

Language

Khari Boli, a Hindi dialect, is the native tongue of the city which resembles the Haryanvi dialect of Hindi. Day to day, people speak both in English & Hindi. Punjabi language is also spoken in area like Gandhi colony due to majority of Sikh community.

Religion in Muzaffarnagar (2011)[10]

  Hinduism (55.79%)
  Islam (41.39%)
  Jainism (2%)
  Other (2%)

Economy

Sugar and jaggery production are important industries in the district. As a result of the farming activities around, the city is an important hub of jaggery trading business.[11]

Muzaffarnagar is an industrial city with sugar, steel and paper being the major industries. District Muzaffarnagar has 8 sugar mills. More than 40% of the region's population is engaged in agriculture. According to Economic Research firm Indicus Analytics, Muzaffarnagar has the highest agricultural GDP in Uttar Pradesh, as well as UP's largest granary.

Healthcare

Muzaffaranagar has both public and private healthcare system. The District hospital is the major government hospital in the city along with several general practitioners in the city. The city is also catered by a private medical college (Muzaffarnagar Medical College) on the outskirts of the city.

Transportation
Bada Darwaza in vill. Kakrauli Front Gate
Shiv Chowk
St. John's Church
Railway Station

Muzaffarnagar is well connected by road and railway networks. The Ghaziabad - Saharanpur line passes through the city thus forming the backbone of the long-distance and best possible travel from the city. Indian Railways provides connections to New Delhi, Western Uttar Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab, South India, and other parts of the country. Dehradun Shatabdi Express and Dehradun Jan Shatabdi Express trains pass through and halt at the Muzaffarnagar station. The Meerut - Shaharanpur section of this railway route is now being developed as a part of the Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor. The corridor extends from Ludhiana in Punjab to Dankuni in West Bengal.

NH-58 passing through M.Nagar

The National Highway - 58 (NH-58) passes through Muzaffarnagar city. This highway provides connections towards Delhi on the southern direction and upper reaches of the Himalayas in the Uttarakhand state in the northern direction. The highway is the backbone of road transportation for the Muzaffarnagar city as well as the Garhwal region of Uttarakhand. Cities and areas of Hardwar, Rishikesh, Dehradun as well as Badrinath and Kedarnath are served by this highway.

City transportation mostly consists of tricycles and 3-wheeled vehicles, rickshaws. An international airport, Muzaffarnagar International Airport, was proposed in the city in order to reduce the traffic at the Indira Gandhi International Airport, however, the same was transferred to the Jewar Airport.

Environmental concerns

Muzaffarnagar lies approximately halfway on the road from Delhi to Rishikesh (the NH-58). As a result, many roadside resorts and eateries have sprung up on the highway near the city. Especially, the town of Khatauli is famed for its canal side forest park named "Cheetal". Once visited for the sight of deer and rabbits and other wild animals, the Cheetal is now encroached by privately owned dhabas and resorts thus sidelining the animals.

Notable People of Muzaffarnagar
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References
  1. "Who's Who". muzaffarnagar.nic.in. Retrieved 15 May 2019.
  2. "Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011; Cities having population 1 lakh and above" (pdf). Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 27 March 2012.
  3. "Muzaffarnagar City". Imperial Gazetteer of India, Digital South Asia Library, Volume 18. 1909. p. 93. Retrieved 9 September 2013.
  4. Muzaffarnagar District The Imperial Gazetteer of India, 1909, v. 18, p. 83.
  5. "Government releases data of riot victims identifying religion". The Times of India. 24 September 2013. Retrieved 11 July 2014.
  6. "Western Uttar Pradesh tense after communal violence in Shamli". India Today. 4 May 2015. Retrieved 25 September 2016.
  7. "Maps, Weather, and Airports for Muzaffarnagar, India". www.fallingrain.com. Retrieved 1 February 2018.
  8. "Station: Muzaffarnagar Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 515–516. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
  10. "Population by religion community - 2011". Census of India, 2011. The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Archived from the original on 25 August 2015.
  11. "Muzaffarnagar clashes sour its famed jaggery business". indiatimes.com. India Times. 19 September 2013. Retrieved 10 July 2014.
  12. "Elections: Uttar Pradesh Assembly". Retrieved 18 May 2018.

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