Munafiq

In Islam, the munafiqun ('hypocrites', Arabic: منافقون‎, singular منافق munāfiq) or false muslim were a group decried in the Quran as outward Muslims who were inwardly concealing disbelief and actively sought to undermine the Muslim community.[1] Munafiq is a person who in public and in community shows that he is a Muslim but rejects Islam or propagate against it either in his heart or among enemies of Islam. The hypocrisy itself is called nifāq (نفاق).[2]

For the sura, see Al-Munafiqun.
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  • Din – Religion

Types of hypocrisy
  • Hypocrisy towards God regarding actual faith. (Q2:8) and (Q2:14)
  • Hypocrisy towards the tenets of faith: for example, somebody may believe in God , Judgment Day, accounting, scales of deeds and Hellfire (with an uncertainty and doubt) but not fear them at all (in actual) or not refrain from committing sins because of them. Yet he claims, "I fear God."
  • Hypocrisy towards others: somebody is double-faced and double-tongued. He praises someone in their presence, then, behind their back, he denounces them and tries to cause them pain and harm them."

Munafiqun in the Qur'an

The Qur'an has many verses discussing munāfiqūn, referring to them as more dangerous to Muslims than the worst non-Muslim enemies of Islam.

Traits of the Munafiq according to Hadith

Hadith (record of the words, actions attributed to Muhammad) describe several traits of a hypocrite and these trait include both apparent actions and his/her inner iman/faith like the following:

  • 'Abd Allah ibn 'Amr ibn al-'As reported the Messenger of Allah as saying: Four characteristics constitute anyone who possesses them a sheer hypocrite (munafiq), and anyone who possesses one of them possesses a characteristics of hypocrisy till he abandons it:
  1. when he talks he lies,
  2. when he makes a promise he violates it,
  3. when he makes a covenant he acts treacherously, and
  4. when he quarrels, he deviates from the Truth.[3][4][5][6][7][8]
  • Narrated Abu Huraira: The Prophet said, "The signs of a munafiq are three:
  1. Whenever he speaks, he tells a lie.
  2. Whenever he promises, he always breaks it (his promise).
  3. If you trust him, he proves to be dishonest. (If you keep something as a trust with him, he will not return it.)" Another narration adds the words: "Even if he observes Saum (fasts), performs Salat (prayer) and claims to be a Muslim."[9][10]
  • Narrated Abdullah ibn Umar: Allah's Messenger said, "A believer eats in one intestine (is satisfied with a little food), and a kafir (unbeliever) or a munafiq eats in seven intestines (eats too much).[11]
  • Abu Hurairah narrated that The Messenger of Allah said:“He who dies without having gone or thought of going out for Jihad in the Cause of Allah, will die while being guilty of having one of the qualities of hypocrisy.” Related by Imam Muslim.[12][13][14]
  • Abu Umamah al Bahili narrated that the Messenger of Allah said: "Al-Haya'(modesty) and Al-'Iy(terse, brief & not talkative) are two branches of faith, and Al-Badha(vulagr) and Al-Bayan(very talkative) are two branches of Hypocrisy."[15][16]
  • It was narrated that Zirr said:Ali ibn Abi Talib said: "The Unlettered Prophet (Muhammad) made a covenant with me, that none but a believer would love me, and none but a munafiq would hate me."[17][18][19][20]
  • Narrated Anas bin Malik: The Prophet said, "Love for the Ansar is a sign of faith and hatred for the Ansar is a sign of hypocrisy."[21][22][23]
  • It was narrated from Ibn 'Umar that :The Messenger of Allah said: "The parable of the munafiq is that of a sheep that hesitates between two flocks, sometimes following one, and sometimes following another, not knowing which to follow."[24]
  • Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger as saying: The Similitude of a believer is that of (a standing) crop which the air continues to toss from one side to another; in the same way a believer always (receives the strokes) of misfortune. The similitude of a munafiq is that of a cypress tree which does not move until it is uprooted.[25][26]
  • It was narrated that the Prophet said: "Women who seek divorce and Khul' without just cause are like the female munafiq." [27][28]
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See also

References
  1. Nisan, Mordechai (5 July 2017). Politics and War in Lebanon: Unraveling the Enigma. Routledge. p. 243. ISBN 9781351498333.
  2. Lamptey, Jerusha Tanner (15 January 2016). Never Wholly Other: A Muslima Theology of Religious Pluralism. Oxford University Press. p. 134-135. ISBN 9780190458010.
  3. Sunan Abu Dawud 4688 In-book reference : Book 42, Hadith 93 English translation : Book 41, Hadith 4671
  4. Riyad as-Salihin Book 2, Hadith 690
  5. Riyad as-Salihin Book 18, Hadith 1584
  6. Jami` at-Tirmidhi In-book reference : Book 40, Hadith 27 English translation : Vol. 5, Book 38, Hadith 2632
  7. Sahih Muslim 58 In-book reference : Book 1, Hadith 116 USC-MSA web (English) reference : Book 1, Hadith 111 (deprecated numbering scheme)
  8. Sahih al-Bukhari 34 In-book reference : Book 2, Hadith 27 USC-MSA web (English) reference : Vol. 1, Book 2, Hadith 34 (deprecated numbering scheme)
  9. Sahih al-Bukhari 33 In-book reference : Book 2, Hadith 26 USC-MSA web (English) reference : Vol. 1, Book 2, Hadith 33 (deprecated numbering scheme)
  10. Riyad as-Salihin Book 2, Hadith 689 Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim
  11. Sahih Bukhari 5394 In-book reference : Book 70, Hadith 22 USC-MSA web (English) reference : Vol. 7, Book 65, Hadith 306 (deprecated numbering scheme)
  12. Bulugh al-Maram English reference : Book 11, Hadith 1298 Arabic reference : Book 11, Hadith 1271
  13. Sunan an-Nasa'i In-book reference : Book 25, Hadith 13 English translation : Vol. 1, Book 25, Hadith 3099
  14. Sunan Abu Dawud 2502 In-book reference : Book 15, Hadith 26
  15. Jami` at-Tirmidhi 2027 In-book reference : Book 27, Hadith 133 English translation : Vol. 4, Book 1, Hadith 2027
  16. Mishkat al-Masabih 4796
  17. Sunan an-Nasa'i 5018 In-book reference : Book 47, Hadith 34 English translation : Vol. 6, Book 47, Hadith 5021
  18. Sahih Muslim 78 In-book reference : Book 1, Hadith 146 USC-MSA web (English) reference : Book 1, Hadith 141 (deprecated numbering scheme)
  19. Sunan al-Tirmidhi English reference : Vol. 1, Book 46, Hadith 3736 Arabic reference : Book 49, Hadith 4101
  20. Sunan Ibn Majah English reference : Vol. 1, Book 1, Hadith 114 Arabic reference : Book 1, Hadith 119
  21. Sahih al-Bukhari 17 In-book reference : Book 2, Hadith 10 USC-MSA web (English) reference : Vol. 1, Book 2, Hadith 17 (deprecated numbering scheme)
  22. Sahih al-Bukhari 3784 In-book reference : Book 63, Hadith 9 USC-MSA web (English) reference : Vol. 5, Book 58, Hadith 128 (deprecated numbering scheme)
  23. Sahih Muslim 74 b In-book reference : Book 1, Hadith 142 USC-MSA web (English) reference : Book 1, Hadith 137 (deprecated numbering scheme)
  24. Sunan an-Nasa'i 5037 In-book reference : Book 47, Hadith 53 English translation : Vol. 6, Book 47, Hadith 5040
  25. Sahih Muslim 2809 a In-book reference : Book 52, Hadith 46 USC-MSA web (English) reference : Book 39, Hadith 6742 (deprecated numbering scheme)
  26. Sahih Muslim 2810 b In-book reference : Book 52, Hadith 49 USC-MSA web (English) reference : Book 39, Hadith 6745 (deprecated numbering scheme)
  27. Sunan an-Nasa'i from Ayyub, from Al-Hasan, from Abu Hurairah, 3461 In-book reference : Book 27, Hadith 73 English translation : Vol. 4, Book 27, Hadith 3491
  28. Sunan al-Tirmidhi from Thawban 1186 In-book reference : Book 13, Hadith 13 English translation : Vol. 2, Book 8, Hadith 1186
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