Mokoshi

In Japanese architecture mokoshi (裳階・裳層, also pronounced shōkai), literally "skirt storey" or "cuff storey", is a decorative pent roof surrounding a building below the true roof.[1] Since it does not correspond to any internal division, the mokoshi gives the impression of there being more floors than there really are.[1] It is usually a ken deep and is most commonly seen in Buddhist temples and pagodas (see for example the article tahōtō).[1][2] The mokoshi normally covers a hisashi, a walled aisle surrounding a building on one or more sides, but can be attached directly to the core of the structure (the moya), in which case there is no hisashi.[1] The roofing material for the mokoshi can be the same or different (see for example's Hōryū-ji's kon-dō) as in the main roof.

Yellow: moya; red: mokoshi, white: hisashi

Origin and purpose

The name derives from the fact that it surrounds and hides the main building like the cuff (裳裾, mosuso) of a pair of pants.[3] Its purpose was in fact to hide the thick sustaining pillars of the structure, making it look lighter and simpler.[3] It has been used extensively by the Zen sects in various structures of its temple complexes.

Another name for a mokoshi is yuta (雪打, lit. snow strike), hence the name yuta-zukuri (雪打造, yuta style) given to the style of a building featuring it.[2] This name started being used during the Middle Ages, and stems from the idea that its presence offered protection from snow.[3]

Significant examples

The three storied east pagoda of Yakushi-ji (a National Treasure, see gallery) seems to have six stories because of the presence of a mokoshi between each story.

The first of the kon-dō's (main hall, National Treasure, see gallery) two stories at Hōryū-ji has a mokoshi, which was added in the Nara period with extra posts. These were needed to hold up the original first roof, which extended more than four meters past the building. Hōryū-ji's is the oldest extant example of mokoshi.[3]

The butsuden (main hall) of a Zen temple usually has a mokoshi, and therefore looks like a two-story building (see photo above and gallery), although in fact it is not.

The following structures all have a mokoshi.

  • Hōryū-ji's kon-dō
  • Yakushi-ji's three-storied east pagoda
  • Myōshin-ji's butsuden
  • Tōdai-ji's Daibutsuden
gollark: learned_epistemic_helplessness_irl
gollark: It's somewhat similar here, A-level physics is weirdly lacking in maths. They deliberately avoid all calculus even when it doesn't make sense to.
gollark: Weren't there something like 20 equations originally because modern vector calculus notation hadn't been invented?
gollark: I think most of them use "IPS" now, whatever that actually stands for, and have good viewing angles. My laptop screen was clearly minimal-budget and is "TN"-based, so the viewing angles are bad.
gollark: Also differently sized pixels, quite plausibly.

See also

Notes
  1. "Mokoshi". JAANUS - Japanese Architecture and Art Net User System. Retrieved 2009-11-21.
  2. Iwanami Kōjien (広辞苑) Japanese dictionary, 6th Edition (2008), DVD version
  3. Shogakukan's Nihon Daihyakkasho, Mokoshi, accessed on November 27, 2009 (in Japanese)
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