Mlada (Rimsky-Korsakov)

Mlada (Russian: Млада) is an opera-ballet in four acts, composed between 1889 and 1890 by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, to a libretto by Viktor Krylov that was originally employed for an aborted project of the same name from 1872.

Mlada
Opera-ballet by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov
Fyodor Stravinsky as Mstivoy in the premiere
Native title
Russian: Млада
LibrettistViktor Krylov
LanguageRussian
Premiere
1892 (1892)
Mariinsky Theatre, St. Petersburg

In the middle of Mlada, a fantasy tale about ancient pagan Slavs, Cleopatra emerges in a scene that exudes sensuality. Rimsky-Korsakov said "Among my musical impressions of Paris [at the World Exhibition, summer 1889] I reflect on music in Hungarian and Algerian cafes. The virtuoso playing of a Hungarian orchestra on tsevnitsas (Pan flutes) gave me the idea of introducing this ancient instrument... during the dances at Cleopatra's. In an Algerian cafe, I was attracted to the beat of a large drum... This effect I also borrowed for the scene of Cleopatra."[1]

Performance history

The St. Petersburg premiere of Rimsky-Korsakov's setting of the libretto was given on 1 November 1892 and conducted by Eduard Nápravník. The scene designers were Ivan Andreyev and Mikhail Bocharov; balletmasters were Lev Ivanov and Enrico Cecchetti. The first production of Mlada was not a success, and it did not become a regular repertory item. (The decor, however, was reused for Petipa's 1896 revival of the ballet adaptation of the scenario by composer Ludwig Minkus, which had premiered in 1879.)

Other notable performances of Rimsky-Korsakov's Mlada were given in 1904 in St. Petersburg in the Great Hall of the St. Petersburg Conservatory by Tsereteli's opera company; in 1913 in Moscow by the Zimin Opera; and in 1923 in Petrograd at the State Theatre of Opera and Ballet.

A more recent production of the opera-ballet at the Bolshoi Theatre was recorded on video.

Roles
Role Voice type Premiere cast
1 November 1892
(Conductor: Eduard Nápravník)
Mstivoy, prince of Rethra bass Fyodor Stravinsky
Voyslava, his daughter soprano Olga Olgina, Evelina Sonki
Yaromir, prince of Arkona tenor Mikhail Mikhaylov
Shade of Princess Mlada silent role Marie Petipa
Lumir, Czech singer alto Mariya Dolina
Morena, goddess of the underworld, appearing in the first act in the form of the old woman Svyatokhna mezzo-soprano Maria-Vilgelmina Piltz
The Moor from the Caliphate tenor Vasily Karelin
The Novgorodian tenor Grigory Ugrinovich
Wife of the Novgorodian mezzo-soprano Elena Markovskaya
A Varangian baritone Maksim Titov
Tiun bass Aleksandr Klimov
High Priest of Radegast baritone
Chornobog chorus
Kashchéy the Immortal chorus
Chumá (Plague), god of pestilence silent role
Cherv' (Worm), god of famine silent role
Topelets, god of floods silent role
Shade of Queen Cleopatra silent role
Chorus, silent roles: Maidens, armor-bearers and retinue of Mstivoy, merchants, supplicators, people of various Slavic lands, priests and priestesses of Radegast, trumpeters, wood-sprites, werewolves, kikimoras, witches, ghosts of the deceased, ghosts of dancers, of black male and female slaves of Queen Cleopatra, spectres of bogatïrs, Slavic gods
Mariya Skorsyuk as the shade of Queen Cleopatre
(Mariinsky Theatre, St. Petersburg, 1892)

Synopsis
Time: The ninth or tenth century
Place: The Slavic lands of the Baltic sea-coast, in the city of Rethra, near the Labe (Elbe) River, in modern-day Germany.[2]

Act 1

Voyslava has killed Mlada, Yaromir's bride, to have him for herself. With the help of Morena, the goddess of the underworld, she has captivated Yaromir. But he sees the murder in his dreams.

Act 2

At the midsummer festival the people dance, while the spirit of Mlada intervenes between Yaromir and Voyslava.

Act 3

By night Mlada leads Yaromir up Mount Triglav, where the dead gather, before the Witches' Sabbath in which Yaromir is shown a vision of Cleopatra.

Act 4

Yaromir, at the Temple of Radegast, is shown by the spirits that Voyslava is guilty. She confesses her sin and he kills her. Morena, with whom Voyslava had made a compact, destroys the temple and the city of Rethra, but Yaromir is united with Mlada in heaven.

Concert excerpts

Two orchestral works were derived from the opera by the composer. The first, Night on Mt. Triglav, is an arrangement of Act 3. The second is a suite.

  • Night on Mt. Triglav (1899–1901)

This is a purely orchestral arrangement of Act III, restyled as a lengthy symphonic poem for orchestra. Approximately a half-hour in duration, the program in the printed score follows the action of the opera during the corresponding act of the opera.

  • Suite from the Opera-Ballet Mlada (1903)
  1. Introduction
  2. Redowa: A Bohemian Dance
  3. Lithuanian Dance
  4. Indian Dance
  5. Cortège

The Redowa appears in Act 1. The Lithuanian Dance and the Indian Dance are taken from Act 2, Scene 5. The cortège is the well-known Procession of the Nobles (Russian: Шествие князей, literally, Procession of the Princes), and appears in Act 2, Scene 3.

Use in broadcast media

"Procession of the Nobles" is used as the theme for the PBS public affairs program Agronsky & Co. and its successor, Inside Washington, and was used between 1957 and 1969 as the opening theme for the UK TV programme What the Papers Say.

Recordings

role key: conductor/voyslava/morena/yaromir/mstivoy

  • Svetlanov/Tugarinova/Kulagina/Makhov/Korolyov, 1962, studio, Melodiya (detailed below)
  • Lazarev/Kasrashvili/Borisova/Kulko/Nikolsky, 1989, Moscow video, Videoland
  • Lazarev/Gavrilova/Borisova/Kulko/Nikolsky, 1992, Moscow video, Teldec
  • Tilson Thomas/Kazarnovskaya/Poretsky/Grigorian/Martirossian, 2002, live in San Francisco, pirate
  • Gergiev/Khudoley/Savova/Armonov/Petrenko-M, 2004, live in Amsterdam, Premiere Opera

Svetlanov recording details: Tatyana Tugarinova (Voyslava), Nina Kulagina (Morena), Vladimir Makhov (Yaromir), Alexey Korolyov (Mstivoy), Moscow Radio Symphony Chorus, Moscow Radio Symphony Orchestra

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References

Notes

  1. Naroditskaya, Inna (2012). Bewitching Russian Opera: The Tsarina from Stage to Stage. Oxford University Press. p. 213. ISBN 978-0-19-534058-7.
  2. List of characters and Setting from Rimsky-Korsakov, Nicolai (1983). Mlada: An Opera Ballet in Four Acts; Vocal Score. The Complete Works of Nicolai Rimsky-Korsakov (in Russian). Melville, N.Y.: Belwin Mills Publishing Corp. K5255.

Sources

  • Abraham, Gerald. "Rimsky-Korsakov's Mlada," in On Russian Music. London: W. Reeves, 1939; rpt. New York: Books for Libraries, 1980.
  • Gaub, Albrecht. Die kollektive Ballett-Oper "Mlada": ein Werk von Kjui, Musorgskij, Rimskij-Korsakov, Borodin und Minkus. Studia slavica musicologica; Bd. 12. Berlin: Kuhn, 1998. ISBN 3-928864-53-X
  • Rimsky-Korsakov, N.A.. My Musical Life. Ed. with an introduction by Carl van Vechten; trans. by Judah A. Joffe. 3rd American ed. A. A. Knopf, 1942.
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