Miguasha National Park

Miguasha National Park (French: Parc national de Miguasha) is a protected area near Carleton-sur-Mer on the Gaspé Peninsula of Quebec in Canada. Created in 1985 by the Government of Quebec, Miguasha was designated a World Heritage Site in 1999 in recognition of its wealth of fossils, which display a crucial time during the evolution of life on Earth. Other names for this site are the Miguasha Fossil Site, the Bay of Escuminac Fossil Site, the Upper Devonian Escuminac Formation, and the Hugh-Miller Cliffs. It is also sometimes referred to on fossil specimens as 'Scaumenac Bay' or 'Scaumenac Bay P.Q.'

Parc national de Miguasha
IUCN category III (natural monument or feature)
Cliff of the Miguasha National Park
LocationNouvelle, Avignon Regional County Municipality, Quebec, Canada
Nearest cityDalhousie, New Brunswick
Coordinates48°06′38″N 66°22′10″W
Area87,3 ha
Established6 February 1985
Governing bodySEPAQ
TypeNatural
Criteriaviii
Designated1999 (23rd session)
Reference no.686rev
State Party Canada
RegionEurope and North America

Miguasha Natural History Museum
Miguasha National Park (Québec): outcrop of the Devonian beds that are rich in fossil fish.
Bothriolepis, a fossil antiarch placoderm found at this site.

The park's museum features exhibits about the fossils and paleontology of the park. The museum's collection includes over 9,000 specimens of fossil fish and plants.[1]

Geology

The coastal cliffs are Upper Devonian strata of grey sedimentary rock. They are composed of alternating layers of sandstone and shale, which are 350–375 million years old. The area today supports mainly birch, aspen, and fir forests.

Palaeontological significance

Some of the fish, fauna, and spore fossils found at Miguasha are rare and ancient species. For example, Spermasposita is thought to be one of the oldest flowering plant[2] genera on Earth.[3]

Miguasha National Park is considered to be the world's greatest palaeontological record of fossils from the Devonian Period, known as the 'Age of Fishes'. Five of the six main fossil fish groups from this period (dating from 370 million years ago) can be found here. A great quantity of some of the best-preserved fossil specimens of lobe-finned fish, ancestors to the tetrapods (believed to be the first four-legged air-breathing terrestrial vertebrates), were found here.

History

The fossil site was discovered in 1842, by Abraham Gesner (1797–1864), a geologist and medical doctor, and a pioneer in the petroleum industry. Gesner found a vast array of important fossils, which were handed over to the British Museum and the Royal Scottish Museum; these discoveries caused great excitement throughout the world. There was a rumour in the 1970s that some Americans were seeking to purchase the land containing the fossil deposits. In 1985 the Québec government blocked this possible privatization by purchasing a large tract of the land and declaring it a provincial (called "national" in Québec) park. The peripheral area is owned by about 100 people who limit development, protecting this important site. To date, over 5,000 fossils from this one site have been identified and categorized. It was declared a World Heritage Site in 1999.

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See also

References
  1. http://gaspesie.quebecheritageweb.com/societies_details.aspx?societyId=32
  2. As per reference, but possibly they meant 'seed plant'.
  3. UNESCO citation 686
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