Michael (gorilla)

Michael (March 17, 1973, Cameroon – April 19, 2000) was the first male 'talking' gorilla. He had a working vocabulary of over 600 signs in American Sign Language, taught to him by Koko, a female gorilla; Dr. Francine Patterson (to whom the gorillas referred using the sign "penny"); and other staff of Stanford University. Michael, an orphan, spent most of his life in Woodside, California, where he became a local celebrity and well-known painter, creating vividly colourful abstract works.

Michael
SpeciesGorilla
SexMale
BornMichael
(1973-03-17)March 17, 1973
Cameroon
DiedApril 19, 2000(2000-04-19) (aged 27)
California
Nation fromCameroonian
Known forBeing first male gorilla to use American sign language
TrainingPainting and ASL
OwnerFrancine Patterson

Biography

Michael was a gorilla whose parents were killed while he was still a baby. According to the movie Koko: Conversation with a Gorilla, his handlers felt that using sign language, he was attempting to relate his mother's death at the hands of poachers. At the age of three he was brought to live with Koko at Stanford.

Michael's favorite color was yellow, and his favorite television shows were Sesame Street and Mister Rogers. He enjoyed listening to Luciano Pavarotti and looking at pictures. Michael also greatly enjoyed painting, and took it quite seriously, as opposed to Koko, who would paint for fun.[1]

Use of language

Michael had a vocabulary of over 600 signs, some of which he learned from Koko. They both used 'stink' for 'flowers', and 'lip' for 'girl'. Because of the musculo-skeletal difference between apes and humans, the two gorillas employed a modified version of American Sign Language signs, adapted for their physical abilities.

In sign language, deaf humans often create new signs by combining two or more signs, to express a concept for which they have no sign. Additionally, repetition and exaggeration of signs is used to create emphasis. Repetition, exaggeration and the creation of new signs by combining signs are techniques which are also used by simian 'signers'.

Michael learned 20 words within his first year with The Gorilla Foundation. The following is an example of Michael's description of an event that is thought by humans at The Gorilla Foundation to be the death of his mother—killed by bushmeat poachers when he was quite young:

"Squash meat gorilla. Mouth tooth. Cry sharp-noise loud. Bad think-trouble look-face. Cut/neck lip (girl) hole."[2]

Michael seemed to behave akin to a small child. Michael described emotion, memories, and lies through sign language. Both Michael and Koko used the sign "fake" to describe a lie or to express doubt about the truth of a statement.

Death

Michael died of heart failure on April 19, 2000. Koko and her more recent potential mate, Ndume, mourned his passing for several months.

gollark: In RPNCalc the interpreter just magically does plus things when it sees a `+`.
gollark: Implement the macronoform, entity.
gollark: You are putting too much thought into an irrelevant interpreter/compiler detail.
gollark: Reject intrinsics, return to having the compiler magically process keywords.
gollark: To be fair, LyricLy *is* bad, which is why he wsa deposed.

See also

References
  1. "Michael (1973-2000) Bio". The Gorilla Foundation. Retrieved 23 October 2016.
  2. "KokoFLIX Videoblog Archive" 2015 THE GORILLA FOUNDATION / Koko.org, March 23, 2008.
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