Marikana

Marikana, formerly known as Rooikoppies, 'Marikana' is botched version of the name of a river in the land of Bapo called 'Maretlwane'. It a platinum mining town, the home of the then Lonmin, now Sibanye, in the Rustenburg local municipality, Bojanala Platinum District Municipality district in the North West province of South Africa.

This article is about the town in South Africa's North West province. For other uses, see Marikana (disambiguation).

Marikana (Maretlwane) Rooikoppies or Koppies
Marikana (Maretlwane) Show map of North West (South African province) Marikana (Maretlwane) Show map of South Africa
Coordinates: 25.698°S 27.472°E / -25.698; 27.472
Country	South Africa
Province	North West
District	Bojanala Platinum
Municipality	Rustenburg
Area [1]
• Total	17.54 km^2 (6.77 sq mi)
Population  (2011)[1]
• Total	19,522
• Density	1,100/km^2 (2,900/sq mi)
Racial makeup (2011) [1]
• Black African	98.3%
• Coloured	0.1%
• Indian/Asian	0.5%
• White	0.9%
• Other	0.2%
First languages (2011) [1]
• Tswana	30.0%
• Xhosa	29.7%
• Tsonga	18.1%
• Sotho	14.4%
• Other	7.9%
Time zone	UTC+2 (SAST)
Postal code (street)	0284
PO box	0284
Area code	014

The name Rooikoppies means 'red hills' in Afrikaans.

Neighbouring localities include Marikana train station (1 km; 0.62 mi to the north-east), Wonderkop (4 km; 2.5 mi), Ramala (where residents were forcibly till today, removed by the apartheid government for mining purposes), Rietfontein, Rustenburg (29 km; 18 mi); Swaershoek (30 km; 19 mi); Mooinooi (31 km; 19 mi); Brits (36 km; 22 mi); Monnakoto (38 km; 24 mi); Hartbeespoort (43 km; 27 mi); Kosmos (48 km; 30 mi).[2]

History

The town was laid out in 1870 on the farm Rooikoppes, and the settlement later expanded into seven white-owned farms. In 1933, the Buffelspoort Dam was built, allowing the local farmers to irrigate their crops.[3]

The farming community grew in the 1960s on the back of lucrative tobacco farming, but other diversified farming practices i.e. cattle, maize, chillies, paprika, soya, lusern and sunflower amongst the main groups was the main economic driver of the area. In the 1970s mining was introduced and grew to become the main industry in the region. The main mining activities are PGMs and chrome. Since the introduction of mining activities, the informal and formal population had a growth explosion.

The Marikana massacre of 10 August 2012 and the subsequent killing of 34 workers by police made headlines in the international media.[4]

References

1. "Main Place Marikana (Maretlwan)". Census 2011.
2. Travel distances from Marikana Archived 2013-11-14 at the Wayback Machine
3. "Marikana". North West History. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
4. "South Africa's ANC to discuss mine shootings row". BBC News. 27 August 2012. Retrieved 27 August 2012.