Mariano Ignacio Prado

Mariano Ignacio Prado Ochoa (December 18, 1825[2] – May 5, 1901) was a Peruvian army general who served as the 27th (1865), 29th (1865 - 1868) and 32nd (1876 - 1879) President of Peru.

Mariano Ignacio Prado
27th President of Peru
In office April 25, 1865 – June 24, 1865
Preceded by	Juan Antonio Pezet
Succeeded by	Juan Antonio Pezet
29th President of Peru
In office November 28, 1865 – January 7, 1868
Preceded by	Pedro Diez Canseco
Succeeded by	Pedro Diez Canseco
32nd President of Peru
In office August 2, 1876 – December 23, 1879
Vice President	Luis La Puerta José Francisco Canevaro
Preceded by	Manuel Pardo
Succeeded by	Nicolás de Piérola
Personal details
Born	Huánuco, Peru December 18, 1825 (1825-12-18)[1]
Died	Paris, France May 5, 1901 (1901-05-06) (aged 74)
Profession	Army General

Biography

Born in Huánuco on December 18, 1825, he studied in Huanuco and then in Lima. He entered the army at an early age and served in the provinces of Southern Peru.

In 1865 Prado led a coup to overthrow President Juan Antonio Pezet who under the threat of a large Spanish fleet surrendered sovereignty over the Chincha Islands and agreed to pay a large indemnity to Spain. Vice President Pedro Diez Canseco became Provisional President until new elections were held later that year and which Prado won. In 1866 the Spanish fleet attacked and was defeated under General Prado's command at the Battle of Dos de Mayo in Callao 1866. His 12 year old son and later hero Leoncio Prado participated in the battle. Prado had put together an alliance with Chile, Bolivia and Ecuador all of whom supplied troops that defeated Spain. At the time only Peru had a few naval vessels which earlier had forced the Spanish fleet to retire at the Battle of Abtao, Chile in 1866. In gratitude, Chile conferred Prado with the honorary title of General of the Army of Chile. He served as the President of the Chamber of Deputies from 1874 to 1875.[3]

After Manuel Pardo's presidential term ended in 1876, Prado was elected president again on August 2 of that year. His second term was marked by the War of the Pacific (1879–1884) which broke out with Chile. Prado took active command of the defenses of Tacna and Tarapacá (where he met Bolivian president Hilarión Daza), with the intention of taking command of the armies assembling there. Former President Pardo had downsized the army to 2,000 soldiers and had failed to modernize. President Prado returned to Lima to organize the defense of the country.

In 1879 the Congress of Peru authorized President Prado to leave the country in search of arms in New York and naval vessels in Brest, France. On December 18 he left for New York to meet with William R. Grace founder of W.R. Grace (founded in Lima in 1854) and friend of President Prado. Upon his arrival in New York, he was informed that Nicolas de Pierola had taken control of the capital Lima on December 23. Nicolas de Pierola had been plotting to take over for many years and had returned to Lima from Santiago just before the war with Chile broke out. Pierola used Prado's trip to claim Prado had fled the country. These and subsequent accusations were proven false. Pierola mismanaged the war effort and deserted the capital when Chile troops landed in Barranco, south of Lima. Despite the occupation of Lima, the war with Chile continued led by General Caceres. During this phase of the war General Prado's son Leoncio was captured and executed by Chile. General Prado lost three sons in the war with Chile. An armistice was signed on October 20, 1883, and a final peace treaty was signed in 1929 with the return of Tacna to Peru. Prado was exonerated by General Caceres and returned to Peru.

General Prado was also a successful businessman who accumulated his fortune prior to entering politics. His wife Magdalena Urgateche came from a wealthy business family. He had holdings in various enterprises including mining in Peru and Chile. For health reasons he went to Paris in 1901 where he died. His son Manuel Ignacio Prado Ugarteche was two times President of Peru.

See also

• List of Presidents of Peru
• Peruvian civil war of 1867
• Politics of Peru
• War of the Pacific

Notes

1. García Belaunde, Víctor Andrés (2016). El expediente Prado (in Spanish). Lima, Peru: Asociación Civil Mercurio Peruano. p. 47. ISBN 978-612-45288-6-6.
2. García Belaunde, Víctor Andrés (2016). El expediente Prado (in Spanish). Lima, Perú: Asociación Civil Mercurio Peruano. p. 451. ISBN 978-612-45288-6-6. En esta santa iglesia parroquial de Huánuco el diez y nueve de diciembre de mil ochocientos veinte y cinco días: Yo el infrascripto cura vicario exorcicé, bauticé, puse óleo y crisma a Mariano Ygnacio, de edad de dos días, hijo lexítimo de Ygnacio Prado y doña Francisca Ochoa. Fue su madrina doña Josefa Talancha. Testigos: Gregorio Retes y Mariano Retes, lo que certifico. Manuel Herrera (Archivo de la Iglesia del Sagrario de Nuestra Señora de las Mercedes de Huánuco: Libro Nº 34, año 1825, f. 145)
3. http://www.congreso.gob.pe/participacion/museo/congreso/presidentes/Mariano_Prado

References

1. ↑ Mazzei de Grazia, Leonardo (2000). «Gestiones empresariales de un norteamericano en Concepción en el siglo XIX: Guillermo Gibson Délano». Santiago de Chile: Universidad de Concepción.. Consultado el 31 Ene 2007.

• García Belaunde, Víctor Andrés (2016). El expediente Prado (in Spanish). Lima, Perú: Asociación Civil Mercurio Peruano. ISBN 978-612-45288-6-6.

3 . El Viaje de Prado (1977) by Guillermo Thorndike

4. Aclarando una Infamia (2017) by Antonio Gárate Calle

External links

• ancestry.com

Political offices
Preceded by Juan Antonio Pezet	Interim President of Peru April 1865 – June 1865	Succeeded by Juan Antonio Pezet
Preceded by Pedro José Calderón	Prime Minister of Peru November 9, 1865 – June 1867	Succeeded by Pedro J. Saavedra
Preceded by Pedro Diez Canseco	President of Peru November 1865 – January 1868	Succeeded by Pedro Diez Canseco
Preceded by Manuel Pardo	President of Peru August 1876 – December 1879	Succeeded by Nicolás de Piérola