Maluma discography
Colombian singer Maluma has released four studio albums, one mixtape, forty-four singles (including twenty-three as a featured artist), and six promotional singles.
| Maluma discography | |
|---|---|
 Maluma performing "Sin Contrato", during the Festival de Viña del Mar 2017 in Chile. | |
| Studio albums | 4 |
| Music videos | 19 |
| Singles | 44 |
| Mixtapes | 1 |
Albums
Studio albums
| Title | Details | Peak chart positions | Sales | Certifications | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ARG [1] |
BEL (WA) [2] |
FRA [3] |
GER [4] |
ITA [5] |
MEX [6] |
SPA [7] |
SWI [8] |
US [9] |
US Latin [10] | |||||
| Magia |
|
— | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| Pretty Boy, Dirty Boy |
|
8 | — | — | — | — | 2 | 2 | — | — | 1 |
|
||
| F.A.M.E. |
|
6 | 58 | 111 | 74 | 16 | 10 | 6 | 12 | 37 | 1 |
|
||
| 11:11 |
|
7 | 49 | 68 | 77 | 20 | 9 | 6 | 6 | 30 | 1 | |||
| "—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory. | ||||||||||||||
Mixtapes
| Title | Mixtape details |
|---|---|
| PB.DB The Mixtape |
|
Singles
As lead artist
| Title | Year | Peak chart positions | Certifications | Album | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| COL [22] |
ARG [23] |
BEL (WA) [2] |
FRA [24] |
ITA [25] |
MEX [26] |
SPA [27] |
SWI [8] |
US [28] |
US Latin [29] | ||||
| "Farandulera" | 2011 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Magia | |
| "Loco" | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| "Obsesión" | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| "Magia" | 2012 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| "Pasarla Bien" | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| "Miss Independent" | 2013 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| "La Temperatura" (featuring Eli Palacios) |
2014 | 7 | — | — | — | — | —[lower-alpha 1] | 30 | — | — | 24 |
|
PB.DB. The Mixtape |
| "La Curiosidad" | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 48 | |||
| "Carnaval" | 8 | — | — | — | — | 6 | — | — | — | —[lower-alpha 2] |
| ||
| "Addicted" | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| "Intentalo" | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Non-album single | ||
| "El Tiki" | 2015 | 2 | — | — | — | — | — | 53 | — | — | —[lower-alpha 3] | Pretty Boy, Dirty Boy | |
| "Borró Cassette" | 1 | 4 | — | — | — | 21 | 23 | — | — | 3 | |||
| "El Perdedor" (solo, featuring Yandel or Bruninho & Davi) |
2016 | 1 | 2 | — | — | — | 1 | 24 | — | —[lower-alpha 4] | 4 | ||
| "Sin Contrato" (solo, featuring Fifth Harmony or Don Omar and Wisin) |
3 | 17 | — | — | — | 6 | 52 | — | — | 7 | |||
| "Cuatro Babys" (featuring Noriel, Bryant Myers and Juhn) |
21 | — | — | — | — | — | 55 | — | — | 15 | Trap Capos: Season 1 | ||
| "Felices los 4" (solo or featuring Marc Anthony) |
2017 | 2 | 1 | —[lower-alpha 5] | 35 | 48 | 1 | 2 | 39 | 48 | 2 | F.A.M.E. | |
| "Corazón"[51] (featuring Nego do Borel) |
2 | 1 | — | 184 | 70 | 1 | 3 | 50 | 87 | 5 | |||
| "El Préstamo" | 2018 | 7 | 6 | — | 168 | 74 | 1 | 10 | 68 | —[lower-alpha 6] | 10 | ||
| "Colors" (with Jason Derulo) |
— | —[lower-alpha 7] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2018 FIFA World Cup Official Anthem | ||
| "Bella (Remix)"[56] (with Wolfine) |
4 | 16 | — | — | — | 5 | — | — | —[lower-alpha 8] | 13 | Super Hits | ||
| "Clandestino" (with Shakira) |
1 | 8 | —[lower-alpha 9] | 79 | 76 | 1 | 13 | 32 | —[lower-alpha 10] | 7 | Non-album singles | ||
| "Mala Mía" (solo or with Becky G and Anitta) |
7 | 11 | — | — | — | 4 | 12 | 71 | —[lower-alpha 11] | 9 | |||
| "Amigos con Derechos" (with Reik) |
2 | 8 | — | — | — | 1 | 26 | — | — | 14 | Ahora | ||
| "Créeme" (with Karol G) |
25 | 12 | — | — | — | —[lower-alpha 12] | 33 | — | —[lower-alpha 13] | 11 | Ocean | ||
| "Vivir Bailando" (with Silvestre Dangond) |
2019 | 3 | — | — | — | — | —[lower-alpha 14] | — | — | — | 41 |
|
TBA |
| "HP" | 2 | 6 | — | — | 26 | 1 | 4 | 48 | 96 | 8 | 11:11 | ||
| "Medellín" (with Madonna) |
32 | 57 | —[lower-alpha 15] | 11 | 37 | —[lower-alpha 16] | 67 | 69 | — | 18 |
|
Madame X | |
| "La Respuesta" (with Becky G) |
— | 24 | — | — | — | —[lower-alpha 17] | 29 | — | — | 13 | Non-album single | ||
| "11 PM" | 2 | 6 | — | — | 95 | 1 | 13 | 50 | —[lower-alpha 18] | 11 | 11:11 | ||
| "Hola Señorita" (with Maître Gims) |
— | — | 5 | 15 | — | — | 23 | 12 | — | — | TBA | ||
| "Instinto Natural" (featuring Sech) |
— | 76 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
|
11:11 | |
| "No Se Me Quita" (featuring Ricky Martin) |
— | 26 | — | — | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | |||
| "Qué Pena" (with J Balvin) |
1 | 27 | — | — | — | 13 | 21 | 60 | — | 13 | TBA | ||
| "Así Así" (with Farina) |
— | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | —[lower-alpha 19] | |||
| "Maldad"[69] (with Steve Aoki) |
2020 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | —[lower-alpha 20] | Neon Future IV | |
| "Qué Chimba" | 7 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | TBA | ||
| "ADMV" | 1 | 33 | — | — | — | 1 | 55 [70] | — | — | 14 | |||
| "Feel the Beat" (with Black Eyed Peas)[72] |
— | —[lower-alpha 21] | —[lower-alpha 22] | — | — | 29 | 94 [74] | 74 | — | —[lower-alpha 23] | Translation | ||
| "Hawái" | 4 | 32 | — | — | — | 8 | 19 [75] | 57 | — | 10 | TBA | ||
| "—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory. | |||||||||||||
As featured artist
| Title | Year | Peak chart positions | Certifications | Album | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| COL [22] |
ARG [23] |
FRA [24] |
ITA [25] |
MEX [76] |
SPA [27] |
SWE [77] |
SWI [8] |
US [78] |
US Latin [29] | ||||
| "Te Viví" (Villamizar featuring Maluma, Elvis Crespo and J.B.D) |
2014 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 43 | El Día Que Vuelva | |
| "Olé Brazil" (Elvis Crespo featuring Maluma) |
— | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 49 | Tatuaje | ||
| "Salgamos" (Kevin Roldan featuring Maluma and Andy Rivera) |
— | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | The Beginning | ||
| "La Invitación" (Pipe Bueno featuring Maluma) |
— | — | — | — | 17 | — | — | — | — | — | Non-album singles | ||
| "Ella Es Mi Fiesta (Remix)" (Carlos Vives featuring Maluma) |
2015 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| "Fiesta de Verano" (Maía featuring Maluma) |
— | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Maía | ||
| "Bandida" (Danny Romero featuring Maluma) |
— | — | — | — | — | 16 | — | — | — | — |
|
11:11 | |
| "Me Curaré (Remix)" (Justin Quiles featuring Maluma) |
— | — | — | — | — | 88 | — | — | — | — | Non-album singles | ||
| "Aventura (Remix)" (Tomas the Latin Boy featuring Maluma) |
— | — | — | — | —[lower-alpha 24] | — | — | — | — | —[lower-alpha 25] | The Latin Boy | ||
| "Un Beso (Remix)" (Baby Rasta & Gringo featuring Maluma) |
2016 | — | — | — | — | — | 96 | — | — | — | — | Non-album single | |
| "Desde Esa Noche" (Thalía featuring Maluma) |
— | 4 | — | — | 20 | 22 | — | — | — | 16 | Latina | ||
| "Aire" (Leslie Grace featuring Maluma) |
— | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | —[lower-alpha 26] | Non-album singles | ||
| "Sim Ou Não" / "Sí o No" (Anitta featuring Maluma) |
— | — | — | — | 42 | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| "La Fila" (Luny Tunes featuring Don Omar, Maluma and Sharlene) |
— | — | — | — | — | 88 | — | — | — | — | Mas Flow 3 | ||
| "Vente Pa' Ca" (Ricky Martin featuring Maluma) |
2 | 1 | 171 | 65 | 1 | 2 | — | 72 | —[lower-alpha 27] | 4 | Non-album single | ||
| "Sobre Mí" (Sin Bandera featuring Maluma) |
— | — | — | — | 19 | — | — | — | — | — | Una Ultima Vez | ||
| "Chantaje" (Shakira featuring Maluma) |
2 | 4 | 17 | 11 | 3 | 1 | 54 | 10 | 51 | 1 | El Dorado | ||
| "Me Llamas (Remix)" (Piso 21 featuring Maluma) |
9 | 12 | — | — | 37 | 18 | — | — | — | 32 | Non-album single | ||
| "Vivo Pensando en Tí" (Felipe Peláez featuring Maluma) |
2017 | 3 | — | — | — | 27 | — | — | — | — | —[lower-alpha 28] | Ponle Actitud | |
| "Solo a Solas" (Cosculluela featuring Maluma) |
23 | — | — | — | —[lower-alpha 29] | 97 | — | — | — | —[lower-alpha 30] | Non-album singles | ||
| "Hola" (Flo Rida featuring Maluma) |
— | — | — | — | 33 | — | — | 60 | — | — | |||
| "Trap" (Shakira featuring Maluma) |
2018 | — | — | — | — | 25 | — | — | — | — | 17 |
|
El Dorado |
| "Sólo Mía" (Yandel featuring Maluma) |
98 | — | — | — | —[lower-alpha 31] | 50 | — | — | — | 31 | Update | ||
| "Hands on Me"[97] (BURNS featuring Maluma and Rae Sremmurd) |
— | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Non-album singles | ||
| "Todo El Amor" (De La Ghetto featuring Maluma and Wisin) |
47 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 40 | Mi Movimiento | ||
| "El Clavo (Remix)" (Prince Royce featuring Maluma) |
— | 18 | — | — | 49 | 72 | — | — | — | 13 | AlterEgo | ||
| "Arms Around You" (XXXTentacion and Lil Pump featuring Maluma and Swae Lee) |
— | 62 | 25 | 13 | — | 35 | 8 | 5 | 28 | — | Non-album single | ||
| "Qué Más Pues (Remix)" (Sech featuring Maluma, Nicky Jam, Farruko, Justin Quiles, Dalex and Lenny Tavarez) |
2019 | — | 12 | — | — | — | 18 | — | — | — | — | Sueños | |
| "Latina" (Reykon featuring Maluma) |
16 | 72 | — | — | 42 | 92 | — | — | — | 35 | Non-album singles | ||
| "Fresh Kerias" (with Feid & Sky) |
18 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||
| "Porfa (Remix)" (Feid and Justin Quiles featuring J Balvin, Nicky Jam and Sech) |
2020 | 6 | —[lower-alpha 32] | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| |
| "Djadja (Remix)"[upper-alpha 3] (Aya Nakamura featuring Maluma) |
35 | 23 | — | 59 [100] | 5 [101] |
— | — | — | — | 50 | |||
| "—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory. | |||||||||||||
Promotional singles
| Title | Year | Peaks | Certifications | Album | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ARG [23] |
BOL [103] |
SPA [27] |
US Latin [29] |
US Latin Airplay [104] |
US Latin Digital [105] |
US Latin Pop [68] | |||||||
| "Un Polvo" (featuring Bad Bunny, Arcángel, De La Ghetto and Ñengo Flow) |
2016 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Non-album singles | ||||
| "Me Gusta (Remix)"[106] (with Alkilados) |
2017 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||
| "GPS"[107] (featuring French Montana) |
— | — | 84 | 35 | — | 14 | — | X (The Film) | |||||
| "Vitamina" (featuring Arcángel) |
— | — | — | 49 | — | 13 | — |
| |||||
| "23" | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| |||||
| "Marinero"[108] | 2018 | 79 | 13 | 51 | 27 | 49 | 13 | 31 |
|
F.A.M.E. | |||
| "Let's Summer (Veraneemos)"[109] (featuring Lellêzinha) |
— | — | — | — | — | — | — | Non-album single | |||||
| "La Luz" (with Wisin & Yandel) |
— | — | — | — | — | 9 | — | Los Campeones del Pueblo "The Big Leagues" | |||||
| "Déjale Saber" | 2019 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 11:11 | ||||
| "—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory. | |||||||||||||
Other charted songs
| Title | Year | Peaks | Certifications | Album | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ARG [23] |
BOL [103] |
SPA [27] |
US Latin [29] |
US Latin Digital [105] | |||||||||||
| "Una Aventura" (featuring Alexis & Fido) |
2015 | — | — | 80 | — | — | Pretty Boy, Dirty Boy | ||||||||
| "Hangover" (featuring Prince Royce) |
2018 | — | 10 | 98 | — | — | F.A.M.E. | ||||||||
| "X (Remix)" (Nicky Jam and J Balvin featuring Maluma and Ozuna) |
— | — | 15 | — | — |
|
Non-album single | ||||||||
| "Dispuesto" (featuring Ozuna) |
2019 | — | — | 92 | 47 | — |
|
11:11 | |||||||
| "Soltera" (featuring Madonna) |
— | — | — | — | 7 | ||||||||||
| "Tu Vecina" (featuring Ty Dolla Sign) |
— | — | — | — | 13 | ||||||||||
| "Bitch I'm Loca" (Madonna featuring Maluma) |
— | — | — | — | 16 | Madame X | |||||||||
| "La Playa (Remix)" (with Myke Towers and Farruko) |
2020 | 46 | — | 64 [111] | — | — | Non-album song | ||||||||
| "—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory. | |||||||||||||||
Other appearances
| Title | Year | Other performer(s) | Album |
|---|---|---|---|
| "Dime Que Te Parece" | 2011 | Landa Freak | None |
| "Con Flow Mátalo" | 2012 | J Balvin, Reykon, Kevin Roldan, Jay & El Punto, Dragón & Caballero | |
| "Te Quiero Amar" (Remix) | 2013 | Pasabordo | |
| "Bésame" | Kafu Banton | ||
| "Se Acaba el Tiempo" (Remix) | Maximus Wel, J Alvarez | ||
| "No Voy a Beber Mas" (Remix) | Alberto Stylee | ||
| "Juegos Prohibidos" (Remix) | Nicky Jam | ||
| "Amor En Practica" (Remix) | 2014 | J Alvarez, Jory, Ken-Y | |
| "Tus Besos" (Remix) | El Indio | ||
| "Princesinha" (Live) | Lucas Lucco | O Destino - Ao Vivo | |
| "Ella Es Mi Fiesta" (Remix) | 2015 | Carlos Vives | None |
| "Sólo Tú" | Arcángel, DJ Luian | Los Favoritos | |
| "Que Sí, Que No" | 2016 | Kevin Ortiz | Mi Vicio y Mi Adicción |
| "El Tiempo" (Remix) | Axcel y Andrew, J Alvarez | Los Brothers | |
| "Make My Love Go" (Remix) | Jay Sean, Sean Paul | None | |
| "Quédate Lejos" (live) | Ha*Ash | Primera Fila: Hecho Realidad | |
| "La Bicicleta" (Remix) | Carlos Vives, Shakira | None | |
| "Trap" | 2017 | Shakira | El Dorado |
| "Sólo Mía" | Yandel | Update | |
| "El Clavo" (Remix) | 2018 | Prince Royce | None |
Notes
- Sales of Pretty Boy, Dirty Boy in the United States as of May 2018.[13]
- Sales of F.A.M.E. in the United States as of June 28, 2018.[19]
- PROMUSICAE chart positions and certifications are based upon both the original and remix version of "Djadja".
Videography
| Title | Year | Other artist(s) | Director(s) | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| As lead artist | ||||
| "Farandulera" | 2011 | None | ||
| "Loco" | ||||
| "Obsesión" | ||||
| "Magia" | 2012 | |||
| "Pasarla Bien" | 36 Grados | |||
| "Miss Independent" | 2013 | |||
| "La Temperatura" | Eli Palacios | Harold Jimenez | ||
| "La Curiosidad" | 2014 | None | ||
| "Addicted" (Lyric Video) | ||||
| "Carnaval" (Lyric Video) | ||||
| "Addicted" | Harold Jimenez | |||
| "Carnaval" | ||||
| "El Tiki" (Lyric Video) | 2015 | |||
| "Borro Cassette" (Lyric Video) | Ulysses Terrero Jessy Terrero |
|||
| "Borro Cassette" | ||||
| "El Perdedor" | 2016 | Jessy Terrero | ||
| "Sin Contrato" | ||||
| As featured artist | ||||
| "Vente Pa' Ca" | 2016 | Ricky Martin | Jessy Terrero | |
| As lead artist | ||||
| "Cuatro Babys" | 2016 | Noriel, Bryant Myers, Juhn | Jose Javy Ferrer | |
| As featured artist | ||||
| "Chantaje" | 2016 | Shakira | Jaume de Laiguana | |
| As lead artist | ||||
| "Felices Los 4" | 2017 | Original version (solo) & Salsa version (Marc Anthony) | Jessy Terrero | |
| "Corazón" | Nego do Borel | |||
Footnotes
- "La Temperatura" did not enter the Mexico Airplay chart, but peaked at number 36 on the Mexican Espanol Airplay chart.[30]
- "Carnaval" did not enter the Billboard Hot Latin Songs, but peaked at number 20 on the Latin Rhythm Airplay songs chart.[32]
- "El Tiki" did not enter the Billboard Hot Latin Songs, but peaked at number 50 on the Latin Digital Song Sales chart[34] and at number 15 on the Latin Rhythm Airplay songs chart.[35]
- "El Perdedor" did not enter the Billboard Hot 100, but peaked at number 25 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart, which acts as an extension to the Hot 100.[40]
- "Felices Los 4" did not enter the Ultratop 50, but peaked at number 33 on the Walloon Ultratip chart.[2]
- "El Prestamo" did not enter the Billboard Hot 100, but peaked at number eight on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart, which acts as an extension to the Hot 100.[40]
- "Colors" did not enter the Argentina Airplay chart, but peaked at number 11 on the Argentine Anglo Airplay chart.[55]
- "Bella" did not enter the Billboard Hot 100, but peaked at number sixteen on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart, which acts as an extension to the Hot 100.[57]
- "Felices Los 4" did not enter the Ultratop 50, but peaked at number 14 on the Walloon Ultratip chart.[2]
- "Clandestino" did not enter the Billboard Hot 100, but peaked at number 15 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart, which acts as an extension to the Hot 100.[40]
- "Mala Mia" did not enter the Billboard Hot 100, but peaked at number 23 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart, which acts as an extension to the Hot 100.[40]
- "Créeme" did not enter the Mexico Airplay chart, but peaked at number 29 on the Mexican Espanol Airplay chart.[30]
- "Créeme" did not enter the Billboard Hot 100, but peaked at number 20 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart, which acts as an extension to the Hot 100.[40]
- "Vivir Bailando" did not enter the Mexico Airplay chart, but peaked at number 27 on the Mexican Espanol Airplay chart.[30]
- "Medellín" did not enter the Ultratop 50, but peaked at number seven on the Walloon Ultratip chart.[2]
- "Medellín" did not enter the Mexico Airplay chart, but peaked at number 19 on the Mexican Espanol Airplay chart.[30]
- "La Respuesta" did not chart on the Billboard Mexico Airplay chart, though did peak at number 20 on the Mexico Espanol Airplay chart.[30]
- "11 PM" did not enter the Billboard Hot 100, but peaked at number 14 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart, which acts as an extension to the Hot 100.[40]
- "Así Así" did not enter the Billboard Hot Latin Songs chart, but peaked at number 27 on the Latin Pop Songs chart.[68]
- "Maldad" did not enter the Billboard Hot Latin Songs chart, but peaked at number 20 on the Latin Pop Songs chart.[68]
- "Feel the Beat" did not enter the Billboard Argentina Hot 100 chart, but peaked at number 16 on the Argentina Anglo Songs chart.[73]
- "Feel the Beat" did not enter the Ultratop 50, but peaked at number 23 on the Walloon Ultratip chart.[2]
- "Feel the Beat" did not enter the Billboard Hot Latin Songs chart, but peaked at number 35 on the Latin Pop Songs chart.[68]
- "Aventura (Remix)" did not enter the Mexico Airplay chart, but peaked at number 43 on the Mexican Espanol Airplay chart.[30]
- "Aventura (Remix)" did not enter the Billboard Hot Latin Songs, but peaked at number 23 on the Latin Pop Songs[80] and at number 40 on the Latin Airplay chart.[81]
- "Aire" did not enter the Billboard Hot Latin Songs, but peaked at number 25 on the Latin Pop Songs[84]
- "Vente Pa' Ca" did not enter the Billboard Hot 100, but peaked at number 25 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart, which acts as an extension to the Hot 100.[86]
- "Vivo Pensando en Tí" did not enter the Billboard Hot Latin Songs chart, but peaked at number 32 on the Latin Pop Songs chart.[68] and at number 22 on the Tropical Airplay chart.[94]
- "Solo a Solas" did not enter the Mexico Airplay chart, but peaked at number 43 on the Mexican Espanol Airplay chart.[30]
- "Solo a Solas" did not enter the Billboard Hot Latin Songs chart, but peaked at number 22 on the Latin Pop Airplay chart.[68]
- "Sólo Mía" did not enter the Mexico Airplay chart, but peaked at number 39 on the Mexican Espanol Airplay chart.[30]
- "Porfa (Remix)" did not enter the Billboard Argentina Hot 100 chart, but peaked at number 12 on the Argentina Airplay chart.[99]
gollark: Might have websockets too.
gollark: It has raw sockets, so kind of.
gollark: Inheritance is bad anyway.
gollark: Some function which renders text on a given point on the screen...?
gollark: If you do actually want read/writable data it's probably best to use a serialization format other than Lua code, though textutils.serialise does actually almost output valid Lua.
References
- Peak positions in Argentina:
- Pretty Boy, Dity Boy: "Ventas Físicas Mensual, Enero 2017" (in Spanish). Argentine Chamber of Phonograms and Videograms Producers. Retrieved February 14, 2017.To view the chart, select Ventas Físicas Mensual, 2017 and Enero.
- F.A.M.E.: "Los discos más vendidos". Diario de Cultura. Argentine Chamber of Phonograms and Videograms Producers. Archived from the original on May 30, 2018. Retrieved May 30, 2018.
- 11:11: "Los discos más vendidos de la semana". Diario de Cultura (in Spanish). Argentine Chamber of Phonograms and Videograms Producers. Archived from the original on June 3, 2019. Retrieved June 3, 2019.
- "Discographie Maluma". Ultratop (in French). Hung Medien. Retrieved July 7, 2020.
- "Le Top de la semaine : Top Albums – SNEP (Week 21, 2018)" (in French). Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. Archived from the original on 2018-07-05. Retrieved May 30, 2018.
- "Discographie Maluma". GfK Entertainment. Retrieved May 23, 2019.
- "Discography Maluma". italiancharts.com. Hung Medien. Retrieved May 26, 2018.
- Peak positions in Mexico:
- Pretty Boy, Dirty Boy: "Tweet of December 14, 2015 by @Amprofon". Twitter. Retrieved July 31, 2016.
- F.A.M.E.: "Top Álbum – Del 18 al 24 de Mayo 2018" (in Spanish). Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas. Archived from the original on June 11, 2018. Retrieved June 11, 2018.
- 11:11: "Top Álbum – Del 17 al 23 de Mayo de 2019" (in Spanish). Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas. Archived from the original on June 15, 2019. Retrieved June 15, 2019.
- "Discography Maluma". spanishcharts.com. Hung Medien. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
- "Discographie Maluma". Hung Medien. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
- "Maluma – Chart history (Billboard 200)". Billboard. Retrieved May 29, 2018.
- "Maluma – Chart history: Top Latin Albums". Billboard. Retrieved May 30, 2018.
- "Magia – Maluma". iTunes Store (in Spanish). Apple Inc. Retrieved August 14, 2014.
- "Maluma recibe Disco de Oro por su álbum 'Magia'". Terra (in Spanish). May 31, 2014. Retrieved August 14, 2014.
- Bustios, Pamela (May 29, 2018). "Maluma Scores Second Straight No. 1 on Top Latin Albums Chart With 'F.A.M.E.'". Billboard. Retrieved May 30, 2018.
- "MALUMA BE PRESENT IN HEAT THE LATIN MUSIC AWARDS 2016" (in Spanish). Sony Music. Archived from the original on August 8, 2017. Retrieved August 7, 2017.
- "Certificados Musicales Amprofon" (in Spanish). Facebook. Retrieved December 23, 2017.
- "@maluma at Instagram" (in Spanish). Retrieved August 17, 2016.
- "Gold & Platinum: Maluma". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
- Cobo, Leila (April 19, 2018). "Shakira & Maluma on Their 'Absolute Chemistry' & the New Latin Explosion". Billboard. Retrieved April 19, 2018.
- Caulfield, Keith (July 10, 2018). "Ozuna & J Balvin Loom Large on Nielsen Music's Mid-Year 2018 Latin Charts". Billboard. Retrieved July 11, 2018.
- "Certificados Musicales Amprofon (Abril 2019)" (in Spanish). Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas. Retrieved July 8, 2019.
- "Certificados Musicales Amprofon (Julio 2019)" (in Spanish). Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas. Retrieved September 7, 2019.
- Peak chart positions in Colombia
- For "Carnaval": "Top Nacional Colombia - Semana 7 del 2015". National-Report. Archived from the original on February 20, 2015. Retrieved May 12, 2016.
- For "El Tiki": "Top Nacional Colombia - Semana 22 del 2015". National-Report. Archived from the original on June 5, 2015. Retrieved May 12, 2016.
- For "Borró Casette": "Top Nacional Colombia - Semana 32 del 2015". National-Report. Archived from the original on August 9, 2015. Retrieved May 12, 2016.
- For "El Perdedor": "Top Nacional Colombia - Semana 18 del 2016". National-Report. Archived from the original on February 26, 2017. Retrieved May 12, 2016.
- For "Sin Contrato": "Top Nacional Colombia - Semana 38 del 2016". National-Report. Archived from the original on September 24, 2016. Retrieved September 24, 2016.
- For "Cuatro Babys": "Top Nacional Colombia - Semana 50 del 2016". National-Report. Archived from the original on December 17, 2016. Retrieved December 17, 2016.
- For "Vente Pa' Ca": "Top 100 Colombia: 13 de Enero de 2017". National-Report. Archived from the original on January 15, 2017. Retrieved January 17, 2017.
- For "Me Llamas (Remix)": "Top 100 Colombia: Semana 3 del 2017". National-Report. Archived from the original on January 20, 2017. Retrieved January 20, 2017.
- For "Chantaje": "Top 100 Colombia: Semana 4 del 2017". National-Report. Archived from the original on January 28, 2017. Retrieved January 28, 2017.
- For "Felices Los 4": "Top 100 Colombia – Semana 25 del 2017 – Del 16/06/2017 al 26/06/2017" (in Spanish). National-Report. 23 June 2017. Archived from the original on 23 June 2017. Retrieved 23 June 2017.
- For "Vivo Pensando en Tí": "Top 100 Colombia – Semana 30 del 2017 – Del 21/07/2017 al 27/07/2017" (in Spanish). National-Report. 28 July 2017. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 30 July 2017.
- For "Solo a Solas": "Top 100 Colombia – Semana 48 del 2017 – Del 17/11/2017 al 23/11/2017" (in Spanish). National-Report. 1 December 2017. Archived from the original on 2 December 2017. Retrieved 2 December 2017.
- For "Corazón": "Top 100 Colombia – Semana 5 del 2018 – Del 26/01/2018 al 01/02/2018". National-Report. Archived from the original on 3 February 2018. Retrieved 3 February 2018.
- For "El Préstamo": "Top 100 Colombia – Semana 13 del 2018 – Del 23/03/2018 al 29/03/2018". National-Report. Archived from the original on 30 March 2018. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
- For "Sólo Mía": "Top 100 Colombia – Semana 18 del 2018 – Del Del 27/04/2018 al 03/05/2018". National-Report. Archived from the original on 4 May 2018. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
- For "Clandestino" and "Todo El Amor": "Top 100 Colombia – Semana 31 del 2018 – Del 27/07/2018 al 02/08/2018". National-Report. Archived from the original on 4 August 2018. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
- For "Todo El Amor": "Top 100 Colombia – Semana 34 del 2018 – Del 17/08/2018 al 23/08/2018" (in Spanish). National-Report. Archived from the original on 27 August 2018. Retrieved 27 August 2018.
- For "Mala Mía": "Top 100 Ecuador – Semana 40 del 2018 – Del 28/09/2018 al 04/10/2018" (in Spanish). National-Report. Archived from the original on October 5, 2018. Retrieved October 5, 2018.
- For "Amigos con Derechos": "Top 100 Colombia – Semana 42 del 2018 – Del 12/10/2018 al 18/10/2018" (in Spanish). National-Report. Archived from the original on October 25, 2018. Retrieved October 25, 2018.
- For "Créeme": "Top 100 Colombia – Semana 6 del 2019 Del 01/02/2019 al 07/02/2019" (in Spanish). National-Report. Archived from the original on February 8, 2019. Retrieved February 8, 2019.
- For "Vivir Bailando": "Top 100 Colombia – Semana 14 del 2019– Del 29/03/2019 al 04/04/2019" (in Spanish). National-Report. Archived from the original on April 8, 2019. Retrieved April 8, 2019.
- For "HP": "Top 100 Colombia – Semana 15 del 2019– Del 05/04/2019 al 11/04/2019" (in Spanish). National-Report. Archived from the original on April 13, 2019. Retrieved April 13, 2019.
- For "Medellín": "Top 100 Colombia – Semana 21 del 2019 – Del 17/05/2019 al 23/05/2019" (in Spanish). National-Report. Archived from the original on May 26, 2019. Retrieved May 26, 2019.
- "11 PM": "Top 100 Colombia – Semana 32 del 2019 – Del 02/08/2019 al 08/08/2019" (in Spanish). National-Report. Archived from the original on August 15, 2019. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
- "Latina": "Top 100 Colombia – Semana 31 del 2019 – Del 2619/07/2019 al 01/08/2019" (in Spanish). National-Report. Archived from the original on August 2, 2019. Retrieved August 2, 2019.
- "Qué Pena": "Top 100 Colombia – Semana 44 del 2019 – Del 25/10/2019 al 31/10/2019" (in Spanish). National-Report. Archived from the original on November 1, 2019. Retrieved November 1, 2019.
- "Qué Chimba": "Top 100 Colombia – Semana 18 del 2020 – Del 24/04/2020 al 30/04/2020" (in Spanish). National-Report. Archived from the original on May 5, 2020. Retrieved May 5, 2020.
- "Fresh Kerias": "Top 100 Colombia – Semana 21 del 2020 – Del 15/05/2020 al 21/05/2020" (in Spanish). National-Report. Archived from the original on May 23, 2020. Retrieved May 23, 2020.
- "ADMV": "Top 100 Colombia – Semana 22 del 2020 – Del 22/05/2020 al 28/05/2020" (in Spanish). National-Report. Archived from the original on June 1, 2020. Retrieved June 1, 2020.
- "Porfa (Remix)": "Top 100 Colombia – Semana 28 del 2020 – Del 03/07/2020 al 09/07/2020" (in Spanish). National-Report. Archived from the original on July 10, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2020.
- "Hawái" and "Djadja (Remix)": "Top 100 Colombia – Semana 33 del 2020 – Del 07/08/2020 al 13/08/2020" (in Spanish). National-Report. Archived from the original on August 14, 2020. Retrieved August 14, 2020.
- Peak chart positions in Argentina:
- All except noted: "Maluma Chart History (Billboard Argentina Hot 100)". Billboard. Retrieved August 16, 2020.
- "Bella (Remix)" and "Marinero": "Argentina Hot 100 – Semana del 13 de Octubre del 2018". Billboard Argentina (in Spanish). Retrieved October 14, 2018.
- "El Clavo" and "Clandestino": "Billboard Argentina Hot 100 – Semana del 20 de Octubre". Billboard Argentina. Retrieved August 7, 2019.
- "Qué Más Pues (Remix)": "Billboard Argentina Hot 100 - Semana del 19 de Mayo". Billboard Argentina (in Spanish). Retrieved May 18, 2019.
- "Djadja (Remix)": "Billboard Argentina Hot 100 – Semana del 2 de agosto". Billboard (in Spanish). Retrieved July 29, 2020.
- "Desde Esa Noche": "Top 20 Argentina – Del 29 de Agosto al 4 de Septiembre, 2016" (in Spanish). Monitor Latino. Retrieved May 1, 2017.
- "El Perdedor": "Rankings" (in Spanish). CAPIF. Retrieved November 7, 2016. To see the song's performance in this chart select "Digital Mensual", "2016" and "Julio".
- "Borró Casette": "Prensario Música & Video: Mayo 2016" (PDF) (in Spanish). Ediotrial Prensario. Retrieved November 11, 2016.
- "Chantaje" and "Vente Pa' Ca": "Top 20 Argentina – Del 30 de Enero al 5 de Febrero, 2017" (in Spanish). Monitor Latino. Retrieved May 1, 2017.
- "Sin Contrato": "Top 20 Argentina – Del 5 al 11 de Diciembre, 2016" (in Spanish). Monitor Latino. Retrieved May 1, 2017.
- "Me Llamas (Remix)": "Top 20 Argentina – Del 10 al 16 de Abril, 2017" (in Spanish). Monitor Latino. Retrieved May 1, 2017.
- "Felices los 4": "Top 20 Argentina – Del 10 al 16 de Julio, 2017" (in Spanish). Monitor Latino. Retrieved July 17, 2017.
- "Corazón": "Top 20 Argentina – Del 4 al 10 de Diciembre, 2017" (in Spanish). Monitor Latino. Retrieved December 11, 2017.
- "El Préstamo": "Top 20 Argentina – Del 25 de Junio al 1 de Julio, 2018" (in Spanish). Monitor Latino. Retrieved July 12, 2018.
- Peak positions in France:
- All except noted: "Discographie Maluma" (in French). lescharts.com. Hung Medien. Retrieved March 10, 2017.
- "Vente Pa' Ca": "Le Top de la semaine : Top Singles Téléchargés – SNEP (Week 26, 2017)" (in French). Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. Retrieved June 30, 2017.
- "Felices los 4": "Le Top de la semaine : Top Singles Téléchargés – SNEP (Week 42, 2017)" (in French). Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
- "Corazón": "Le Top de la semaine : Top Singles Téléchargés (Week 3, 2018)" (in French). Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. Retrieved January 23, 2018.
- "El Préstamo": "Le Top de la semaine : Top Singles Téléchargés – SNEP (Week 12, 2018)" (in French). Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. Retrieved March 27, 2018.
- Peak chart positions in Italy:
- All except noted: "Discography Maluma" (in Italian). Hung Medien. Retrieved 13 January 2017.
- "Vente Pa' Ca": "Classifica settimanale WK 14" (in Italian). Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana. Retrieved April 8, 2017.
- "Maluma Chart History (Mexico Airplay)". Billboard. Retrieved August 17, 2020.
- Peak positions in Spain:
- All except noted: "Search for: Maluma". Spanishcharts.com. Productores de Música de España. Retrieved February 25, 2018.
- For "Me Llamas (Remix)": "Piso 21 feat. Maluma – Me Llamas" (in Spanish). Europapress.es. Retrieved January 11, 2017.
- "Maluma Chart history: The Hot 100". Billboard. Retrieved May 23, 2016.
- "Maluma Chart history: Hot Latin Songs". Billboard. Retrieved July 7, 2020.
- "Maluma Chart History (Mexico Pop Espanol Airplay)". Billboard. Retrieved August 3, 2020.
- "Maluma feat. Eli Palacios – La Temperatura" (in Spanish). Europapress.es. Retrieved September 4, 2016.
- "Maluma Chart Search". Billboard. Retrieved December 7, 2017.
- "Certificados Musicales Amprofon" (in Spanish). AMPROFON. Retrieved December 26, 2017.
- "Maluma Chart History: Latin Digital Song Sales". Billboard. Retrieved December 5, 2017.
- "Maluma Chart Search". Billboard. Retrieved December 7, 2017.
- "Certificaciones" (in Spanish). Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas. Retrieved August 17, 2020.To see certifications, type "Maluma" in the box under the "ARTISTA" column heading.
- "Photo published by @maluma" (in Spanish). Instagram. Retrieved August 8, 2016.
- "FIMI Certificazioni: Maluma". FIMI. Retrieved April 5, 2017.
- "Maluma – Borro Casette" (in Spanish). Europapress.es. Retrieved May 13, 2016.
- "Maluma Chart History: Hot 100". Billboard. Retrieved May 29, 2019.
- "Certificados Musicales Amprofon" (in Spanish). Amprofon. Retrieved December 26, 2017.
- "Maluma – El Perdedor" (in Spanish). Europapress.es. Retrieved September 17, 2016.
- "Certificados Musicales Amprofon (Marzo 2019)" (in Spanish). Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas. Retrieved July 8, 2019.
- "Maluma – Sin Contrato" (in Spanish). Europapress.es. Retrieved November 30, 2016.
- "Certificados Musicales Amprofon" (in Spanish). AMPROFON. Retrieved December 26, 2017.
- "Maluma / Noriel/ Bryant Myers & Jhun – Cuatro Babys" (in Spanish). Europapress.es. Retrieved November 25, 2016.
- "Maluma cierra su exitosa gira "Maluma World Tour" por Argentina, Chile, Uruguay y Paraguay". reggaetonsinlimite.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 24 March 2018.
- "The Official Swiss Charts and Music Community: Awards (Maluma)". Hung Medien. Retrieved June 25, 2018.
- "Maluma – Felices los 4" (in Spanish). Europapress.es. Retrieved 28 December 2017.
- "Les Certifications" (in French). SNEP. Archived from the original on November 7, 2017. Retrieved March 10, 2017.
- Fernandez, Suzette (30 October 2017). "Maluma Announces New Single 'Corazon'". Billboard. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
- "Certificados Musicales Amprofon (Agosto 2019)" (in Spanish). Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas. Retrieved November 22, 2019.
- "Maluma feat. Nego do Borel – Corazón" (in Spanish). Europapress.es. Retrieved April 4, 2018.
- "Maluma - El Préstamo". elportaldemusica.es (in Spanish). Productores de Música de España. Retrieved July 6, 2018.
- "Top 20 Anglo Argentina – Del 30 de Abril al 6 de Mayo, 2018" (in Spanish). Monitor Latino. Retrieved May 7, 2018.
- "Bella (Remix) - Single by Wolfine & Maluma". Apple Music. Retrieved May 3, 2018.
- "Chart Search: Bubbling Under Hot 100". Billboard. Retrieved July 25, 2018.
- "Clandestino – Shakira & Maluma". elportaldemusica.com. Productores de Música de España. Retrieved July 8, 2019.
- "Mala Mía – Maluma". elportaldemusica.com. Productores de Música de España. Retrieved September 25, 2018.
- "Amigos con Derechos – Reik & Maluma". elportaldemusica.com. Productores de Música de España. Retrieved December 5, 2018.
- "Créeme – Karol G & Maluma". elportaldemusica.com. Productores de Música de España. Retrieved January 16, 2019.
- "HP – Maluma". elportaldemusica.com. Productores de Música de España. Retrieved April 10, 2019.
- "La Respuesta – Becky G & Maluma". elportaldemusica.com. Productores de Música de España. Retrieved July 3, 2019.
- "11 PM – Maluma". elportaldemusica.com. Productores de Música de España. Retrieved July 30, 2019.
- "Les Disques D'Or/de Platine – Singles 2019" (in French). Ultratop. Retrieved July 7, 2020.
- "Maître Gims / Maluma – Hola Señorita" (in Spanish). Productores de Música de España. Retrieved September 2, 2019.
- "Maluma & J Balvin – Qué Pena". elportaldemusica.es (in Spanish). Productores de Música de España. Retrieved November 26, 2019.
- "Maluma Chart History: Latin Pop Songs". Billboard. Retrieved 16 June 2020.
- Roiz, Jessica (January 17, 2020). "Steve Aoki talks 'Maldad' collaboration with Maluma, cultural fusions & 2020 tour". Billboard. Archived from the original on January 22, 2020. Retrieved January 23, 2020.
- "Top 100 Canciones: Semana 18" (in Spanish). Productores de Música de España. Retrieved July 7, 2020.
- "Maluma – ADMV". elportaldemusica.es (in Spanish). Productores de Música de España. Retrieved July 28, 2020.
- "Black Eyed Peas… Novo álbum "Translation" já disponível".
- "Top 20 Argentina – Anglo – Del 13 al 19 de Julio, 2020" (in Spanish). Monitor Latino. Retrieved July 27, 2020.
- "Top 100 Canciones: Semana 26" (in Spanish). Productores de Música de España. Retrieved July 7, 2020.
- "Top 100 Canciones: Semana 32" (in Spanish). Productores de Música de España. Retrieved August 11, 2020.
- "Discography Maluma". swedishcharts.com. Hung Medien. Retrieved March 3, 2017.
- Peak charts positions in the US:
- For "El Perdedor": "El Perdedor by Maluma Featuring Yandel". Billboard. Retrieved August 5, 2016.
- "Danny Romero feat. Maluma – Bandida" (in Spanish). Europapress.es. Retrieved September 4, 2016.
- "Aventura by Tomas The Latin Boy Featuring Maluma". Billboard. Retrieved August 16, 2016.
- "Aventura by Tomas The Latin Boy Featuring Maluma". Billboard. Retrieved August 16, 2016.
- "Thalia feat. Maluma – Desde Esa Noche" (in Spanish). Europapress.es. Retrieved 1 May 2016.
- "Gold & Platinum: Desde Esa Noche by Thalia". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
- "Leslie Grace – Chart history: Latin Pop Songs". Billboard. Retrieved August 10, 2016.
- "Anitta ganha placa por 2 bilhões de streams de "Paradinha", "Sim ou Não" e "Sí o No"" (in Portuguese). PROMUSICAE. Retrieved 7 July 2014.
- "Vente Pa' Ca by Ricky Martin Featuring Maluma". Billboard. Retrieved January 10, 2017.
- ""Vente Pa' Ca": Ricky Martin volvió a Rosario para deleitar a sus fans" (in Spanish). conclusion.com.ar. November 2, 2016. Retrieved August 23, 2017.
- "Ricky Martin feat. Maluma – Vente Pa' Ca" (in Spanish). Europapress.es. Retrieved November 1, 2016.
- "Shakira estrena su nuevo sencillo "Me Enamoré"". Sony Music Latin. April 7, 2017. Retrieved April 14, 2017.
- "Shakira feat. Maluma, Chantaje – Certifikat" (Enter Shakira in the Sök bar, then click on the Visa button below the single's icon ) (in Swedish). Sverigetopplistan.se. Retrieved 24 February 2016.
- "Shakira feat. Maluma – Chantaje" (in Spanish). Europapress.es. Retrieved November 30, 2016.
- "Piso 21 consigue sencillo de oro con la canción 'Déjala que vuelva'". oxigeno.fm (in Spanish). 9 November 2017. Retrieved 7 March 2018.
- "Piso 21 feat. Maluma – Me Llamas" (in Spanish). Europapress.es. Retrieved January 11, 2017.
- "Chart History: Tropical Airplay for Maluma". Billboard. Retrieved 14 November 2017.
- "Certificados Musicales Amprofon" (in Spanish). AMPROFON. Retrieved December 26, 2017.
- "Gold & Platinum: Solo Mia by Yandel". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved 15 June 2018.
- "Hands On Me (feat. Maluma & Rae Sremmurd) – Single by BURNS". Apple Music. Retrieved April 19, 2018.
- "Qué Más Pues (Remix)". elportaldemusica.es (in Spanish). Productores de Música de España. Retrieved July 9, 2019.
- "Top 20 Argentina – General – Del 20 al 26 de Julio, 2020" (in Spanish). Monitor Latino. Retrieved July 27, 2020.
- "Classifica settimanale WK 29 (dal 10.07.2020 al 16.07.2020)" (in Italian). Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana. Retrieved July 20, 2020.
- Música, El portal de, DJADJA - AYA NAKAMURA | EPDM, retrieved 2020-07-20
- "Richiedi targhetta". www.fimi.it (in Italian). Retrieved 2020-07-20.
- "Top 20 Bolivia – Del 21 al 27 de Mayo, 2018" (in Spanish). Monitor Latino. Archived from the original on 30 May 2018. Retrieved May 29, 2018.
- "Maluma Chart History: Latin Airplay". Billboard. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
- "Maluma Chart History: Latin Digital Song Sales". Billboard. Retrieved 5 December 2017.
- "Me Gusta (Remix) – Single by Alkilados & Maluma". iTunes. Retrieved February 4, 2017.
- "Maluma sorprende a sus fans con la película 'X' y lanza tres canciones". rcnradio.com (in Spanish). Retrieved November 24, 2017.
- "Marinero by Maluma". Spotify. Retrieved May 3, 2018.
- "Let's Summer (Veraneemos) [feat. Lellêzinha] - Single by Maluma". Apple Music. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
- "X (Remix) – Nicky Jam & J Balvin feat. Maluma & Ozuna". portaldemusica.es. Productores de Música de España. Retrieved August 7, 2018.
- "Top 100 Canciones: Semana 2" (in Spanish). Productores de Música de España. Retrieved January 14, 2020.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.