M10 and M20 buses

The Eighth Avenue Line is a public transit line in Manhattan, New York City, running mostly along Eighth Avenue from Lower Manhattan to Harlem. Originally a streetcar line, it is now the M10 bus route and the M20 bus route, operated by the New York City Transit Authority. The M10 bus now only runs north of 57th Street (near Columbus Circle), and the M20 runs south of 66th Street. The whole line was a single route, the M10, until 2000 when the M20 was created.

m10, m20
Eighth Avenue Line
An M10 bus entering northbound service at 57th Street in Midtown.
Overview
System	MTA New York City Bus
Operator	New York City Transit Authority
Garage	(M10) Manhattanville Depot = (M20) Michael J Quill Depot
Vehicle	Daimler Buses Orion VII, Nova Bus RTS-06 (M20 Only), New Flyer XD40 (M20 Only)
Began service	1852[1] (train) 1936[2] (bus) 2010 (current alignment)
Route
Locale	Manhattan
Start	M10: Harlem – 159th Street M20: Lincoln Center - 66th Street
Via	Doulgass Boulevard (M10) Central Park West (M10) 7th, 8th Avenues (M20)
End	M10: 57th Street / Broadway M20; South Ferry
Length	M10: 5.3 miles (8.5 km)[3]
Service
Operates	4:50 AM – 1:50 AM
Annual patronage	2,112,069 (M10, 2017); 714,299 (M20, 2017)[4]
Transfers	Yes
Timetable	M10 M20
Route map Harlem – 159th Street  M10  ​ M10 intermittent stops 155th Street 153rd–154th Streets 152nd Street 150th Street–Macombs Place 148th Street 147th Street 145th Street M10 intermittent stops 143rd Street 141st–142nd Streets 140th Street 138th Street 135th Street 133rd Street 131st Street 129th Street 127th Street 125th Street M10 intermittent stops 123rd Street 121st Street 119th Street 116th Street ​ M10 intermittent stops 114th Street 112th Street Cathedral Parkway ​ M10 intermittent stops 108th Street 106th Street 104th Street ​ 102nd Street ​ 100th Street 96th–97th Streets ​ M10 intermittent stops 94th Street 92nd Street 90th Street 88th Street 86th Street ​ 84th Street 81st Street ​ M10 intermittent stops Museum of Natural History 77th Street 75th Street 74th Street 72nd Street ​ M10 intermittent stops 70th Street 68th Street 66th Street / Central Park West Lincoln Center – 66th Street  M20  64th Street 63rd Street 61st Street Columbus Circle 58th Street (M20 only) ​​​ Midtown – 57th Street  M10  (only) M20 intermittent stops 56th Street 55th Street 53rd Street ​​ 52nd Street 50th Street ​​​​ 49th Street ​ M20 intermittent stops 46th Street 44th Street 43rd Street 41st Street ​​ ​​ ​ ​​​ M20 intermittent stops 39th Street 37th Street 34th Street ​​ 34th Street ​​ M20 intermittent stops 31st Street 28th Street 25th Street 23rd Street ​ M20 intermittent stops 20th Street 17th Street 14th Street ​​ 14th Street ​​ ​ M20 intermittent stops Waverly Place Bleecker Street Perry Street 10th Street Christopher Street M20 intermittent stops Barrow Street Bedford Street Clarkson–Houston Streets Charlton Street Spring Street Watts Street North Moore Street M20 intermittent stops Harrison Street Duane Street Chambers–Hudson Streets ​​ Chambers–Greenwich Streets Chambers–West Streets M20 intermittent stops Warren Street Murray–Vesey Streets Albany Street West Thames Street 3rd Place 1st Place West Street Washington–Greenwich Streets Bridge Street South Ferry  M20  ​​​ Legend Major stops Minor stops  M10  Terminus Subway connection PATH connection ← M9  {{{system_nav}}}  M11 →

Route description

A South Ferry-bound M20 in Lower Manhattan.

The M10 and M20 bus routes serve the northern and southern halves of the Eighth Avenue corridor, respectively. The routes intersect in Upper Midtown Manhattan, between Lincoln Center and Columbus Circle.[5] Until 2000, the two routes were a single M10 route, running 10 miles (16 km) between Harlem and Lower Manhattan.[6]

M10

The M10 bus begins in Harlem at Frederick Douglas Boulevard (Eighth Avenue) roughly where 158th Street would be located, on the east side of the Polo Grounds Towers housing complex. There is no actual intersection with 158th Street at this point. The route travels south on Frederick Douglas Boulevard, which becomes Central Park West at West 110th Street and Frederick Douglass Circle. At West 63rd Street in Lincoln Center, southbound buses turn west, then turn south on Broadway, terminating at 57th Street and Broadway just south of Columbus Circle. Northbound buses travel along the entire length of Eighth Avenue towards Harlem.[5][7] Prior to 2010, the M10 continued south to Penn Station at 34th Street.[8]^:79

M20

The M20 begins service at Broadway and West 63rd Street in Lincoln Center, at Dante Park. Southbound, the route travels through Columbus Circle, east along 59th Street, and south along Seventh Avenue, which becomes Seventh Avenue South and then Varick Street. At the end of Varick Street in Tribeca, the M20 runs south on West Broadway, then west along Chambers Street past West Street into Battery Park City. The route then travels along North End Avenue, Vesey Street, a short stretch of West Street, South End Avenue, Battery Place, and State Street. The route terminates at Whitehall Street along the Staten Island Ferry Whitehall Terminal bus loop.[5][9]

Northbound M20 buses follow essentially the same route through Battery Park City, except using Murray Street instead of Vesey Street. At Chambers Street and West Street, the route turns north onto West Street, east on Harrison Street, then north onto Hudson Street. At Abingdon Square Park and Bleecker Park, Hudson Street feeds into Eighth Avenue, which the M20 follows into Midtown. At West 66th Street, the M20 turns west, then turns south on Broadway, terminating at West 63rd Street.[5][9]

History

Eighth Avenue horsecar, 1895

Streetcar service

The Eighth Avenue Railroad opened the line from the north end of the trackage shared with the Sixth Avenue Railroad's Sixth Avenue Line at Canal Street and Varick Street along Canal Street, Hudson Street, and Eighth Avenue to 51st Street on August 30, 1852.[1] It was eventually extended north to 159th Street, with a branch along Macomb's Lane to 154th Street, and another branch to the south along Canal Street east to Broadway.

Bus service

Buses were substituted for streetcars by the Eighth Avenue Coach Corporation in March 1936, a company owned by Fifth Avenue Coach Company.[2][10]

The New York City Omnibus Corporation took over operations of the route, known as Route 10, in 1951, and in 1956 it was renamed Fifth Avenue Coach Lines; the Manhattan and Bronx Surface Transit Operating Authority replaced it in 1962.

On June 6, 1954, with the conversion of several streets to one-way streets, the route of the 10 was modified. Eighth Avenue was made one-way northbound between Abingdon Square and Columbus Circle, and Hudson Street was made one-way northbound between Chambers Street and Abingdon Square. Seventh Avenue was made one-way southbound between 47th Street and Houston Street, and Varick Street was made one-way southbound between Houston Street and Leonard Street. Southbound 10 service was rerouted along Broadway from Columbus Circle to Times Square, Seventh Avenue to West Broadway and West Broadway to Leonard Street. Initially, New York City Omnibus planned to reroute northbound Route 8 buses along Seventh Avenue to Hudson Street and Eighth Avenue for its entire route between 59th Street and Canal Street, and reroute a portion of southbound service from Times Square's east side to the west side starting at 47th Street on June 12, 1954.[11][12] Instead, at the request of T. T. Wiley, the Traffic Commissioner, Route 8 was discontinued and combined with Route 10 on June 13. This change eliminated a u-turn at Central Park South and Seventh Avenue.[13][14][15][16]

In 1962, when the Surface Company bought the route they put one bus service for the entire length. This was given the route number 10, which then became bus M10. In Fiscal Year 1963, the route was modified due to the conversion of some two-way streets to one-way streets. Service began running north along Hudson Street and south along Seventh Avenue.[17] On January 16, 1966, the branch of the M10 to Cortlandt Street was cut back to Vesey Street in anticipation of the demapping of several streets for the construction of the World Trade Center.[18] Service used a terminal loop of West Broadway, Vesey Street, Church Street and Reade Street, with the terminal being located at Park Place.[19] Previously service had traveled south along West Broadway, west on Cortlandt Street, north on the West Side Highway, east on Dey Street, and north on Church Street.[20]

The New York City Transit Authority proposed officially eliminating M10 Limited service along 145th Street and Lenox Avenue to Esplanade Gardens at 147th Street on December 30, 1986. Two southbound trips and three northbound trips had operated to this terminal, but due to passenger confusion and low ridership, this service was ended in late 1986 by the Surface Operations Department. The official change would reroute these trips to the usual northern terminal at 159th Street, and would take effect in March 1987.[21]

On April 22, 1987, the New York City Transit Authority proposed several modifications to bus routes in Lower Manhattan to serve Battery Park City to the MTA Board, including the extension of the M10. Southbound service was extended south along West Broadway, west along Vesey Street, south along West Street, west on West Thames Street, and north on Sound End Avenue to the terminal at Liberty Street. Northbound service then ran north along South End Avenue, east along Liberty Street, north on West Street, east on Harrison Street and north via Hudson Street before returning to the existing route. This change eliminated service at four stops along Church Street and Reade Street, and service along Hudson Street between West Broadway and Harrison Street, affecting fewer than 100 riders, and removed a bottleneck at Reade Street. This change was implemented at the end of 1987.[22]

In January 1999, the MTA issued a performance report on the M10 route, calling the route "extremely long and unreliable", with high headway times between buses.[6] On January 16, 2000, the M10 was split into two routes, with the northern section from Harlem to Penn Station still operating under the M10 designation, and the southern segment from Columbus Circle to Battery Park City being renamed the M20.[6] The two routes overlapped between Penn Station and Columbus Circle. Riders transferring between the M10 and the M20 were given an additional free transfer. Since the M10 no longer served Abingdon Square, westbound M14 service was increased during the afternoon.[23]

Due to a budget crisis, M10 buses' southern terminus was truncated to Columbus Circle on June 27, 2010. On the same day, the M20 was extended to South Ferry, replacing the section of the M9 south of City Hall.[8]^{:73, 74, 79} The truncation, which saved $1.1 million annually, resulted in a significant drop in ridership, with riders instead using the M7, M20 and the subway. M20 ridership increased with the truncation of M10 service and its extension to South Ferry.[24]^{:B-38, 39, 46} On April 3, 2011, however, M10 service was restored to West 57th Street, with the final southbound stop at West 58th Street and Broadway and the first northbound stop at West 57th Street and Eighth Avenue.[25][26]

References

1. "Eighth-Avenue Railroad". The New York Times. August 30, 1852. p. 1. Retrieved August 16, 2018.
2. "5 Bus Franchises Are Under Inquiry; Windels Is Studying 25-Year Grants Made by Tammany Board in Final Hours. $300,000 Rumor Is Basis Report That Money 'Changed Hands' Spurs Action -- Awards Lack Recapture Clause". The New York Times. January 4, 1934. p. 1. Retrieved August 16, 2018.
3. Google (May 8, 2017). "M10" (Map). Google Maps. Google. Retrieved May 8, 2017.
4. "Facts and Figures". mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. August 28, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2016.
5. "Manhattan Bus Map" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. December 2017. Retrieved April 24, 2018.
6. Kirby, David (May 16, 1999). "Neighborhood Report: West Side; Riders Try to Curb New Bus Route". The New York Times. Retrieved May 27, 2017.
7. "MTA Bus Time: M10 Harlem - Columbus Circle". mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority.
8. "2010 NYC Transit Service Reductions - Revised March 19, 2010" (PDF). mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. March 19, 2010. Retrieved August 16, 2018.
9. "MTA Bus Time: M20 Lincoln Center - South Ferry". mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority.
10. "Buses To Run Soon On 8th And 9th Avs.; Estimate Board Awards Ten-Year Franchise to Company -- 100 New Vehicles Ready". The New York Times. October 5, 1935. p. 17. Retrieved August 16, 2018.
11. "Bus Changes Listed in 7th and 8th Aves". The New York Times. June 4, 1954. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 16, 2020.
12. "7th, 8th Aves. Shift Tomorrow". New York Herald Tribune. June 5, 1954.
13. Ingraham, Joseph C. (June 7, 1954). "7th And 8th Aves. Shift To One-Way; Several 'Bugs' Develop, With a Major Flaw at Columbus Circle to Be Ironed Out Traffic One-Way In 7th, 8th Aves". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 16, 2020.
14. Cutler, B. J. (June 7, 1954). "7th and 8th Avs. Go 1-Way Smoothly in Sunday Lull". New York Herald Tribune.
15. "New York City Omnibus Corporation". Motor Coach Age. February 1969.
16. "Surface Transportation System - Manhattan and the Bronx". Motor Coach Age. February 1970.
17. "Manhattan and Bronx Surface Transit Operating Authority Report For The Period March 21, 1962 to June 30, 1963" (PDF). Manhattan and Bronx Surface Transit Operating Authority. 1963. pp. 1–2. Retrieved August 28, 2019.
18. Linder, Bernard (May 1972). "Manhattan and Bronx Surface Transit Operating Authority: The First Ten Years". Motor Coach Age.
19. "1974 Manhattan Bus Map". nycsubway.org. New York City Transit Authority. 1974. Retrieved January 16, 2020.
20. "New York City Bus Routes Bloomingdale's Bus Map". Flickr. Hagstrom Company. 1964–1965. Retrieved January 16, 2020.CS1 maint: date format (link)
21. • Transit Authority Committee Agenda February 1987. New York City Transit Authority. December 30, 1986. pp. I-37.
    • Transit Authority Committee Agenda February 1987. New York City Transit Authority. December 30, 1986. pp. I-38.
    • Transit Authority Committee Agenda February 1987. New York City Transit Authority. December 30, 1986. pp. I-39.
22. • Transit Authority Committee Agenda June 1987. New York City Transit Authority. June 19, 1987. pp. B-15.
    • Transit Authority Committee Agenda June 1987. New York City Transit Authority. June 19, 1987. pp. B-16.
    • Transit Authority Committee Agenda June 1987. New York City Transit Authority. June 19, 1987. pp. B-17.
    • Transit Authority Committee Agenda June 1987. New York City Transit Authority. June 19, 1987. pp. B-21.
    • Transit Authority Committee Agenda June 1987. New York City Transit Authority. June 19, 1987. pp. B-22.
    • Transit Authority Committee Agenda June 1987. New York City Transit Authority. June 19, 1987. pp. B-23.
    • Transit Authority Committee Agenda June 1987. New York City Transit Authority. June 19, 1987. pp. B-26.
23. "We're splitting the M10 in two. The route, not the bus". New York Daily News. January 14, 2000. p. 95. Retrieved August 16, 2018.
24. "Evaluation of 2010 Service Reductions" (PDF). mta.info. New York City Transit. September 23, 2011. Retrieved August 16, 2018.
25. "M10 Bus Timetable Effective April 3, 2011" (PDF). mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. April 3, 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 2, 2011. Retrieved August 16, 2018.
26. Compare:
    • "October 2010 Manhattan Bus Map" (PDF). mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. October 2010. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 20, 2011. Retrieved August 16, 2018.
    • "April 2011 Manhattan Bus Map" (PDF). mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. April 2011. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 11, 2011. Retrieved August 16, 2018.

External links

• Media related to M10 (New York City bus) at Wikimedia Commons
• Media related to M20 (New York City bus) at Wikimedia Commons