Locomotives of the Stockton and Darlington Railway

The Stockton and Darlington Railway (S&DR) was a railway company that operated in north-east England from 1825 to 1863. The world's first public railway to use steam locomotives,[1] its first line connected collieries near Shildon with Stockton-on-Tees and Darlington, and was officially opened on 27 September 1825. The movement of coal to ships rapidly became a lucrative business, and the line was soon extended to a new port and town at Middlesbrough. While coal waggons were hauled by steam locomotives from the start, passengers were carried in coaches drawn by horses until carriages hauled by steam locomotives were introduced in 1833.

The S&DR was involved in the building of the East Coast Main Line between York and Darlington, but its main expansion was at Middlesbrough Docks and west into Weardale and east to Redcar. It suffered severe financial difficulties at the end of the 1840s and was nearly taken over by the York, Newcastle and Berwick Railway, before the discovery of iron ore in Cleveland and the subsequent increase in revenue meant it could pay its debts. At the beginning of the 1860s it took over railways that had crossed the Pennines to join the West Coast Main Line at Tebay and Clifton, near Penrith.

The company was taken over by the North Eastern Railway in 1863, transferring 200 route miles (320 route kilometres) of line and about 160 locomotives, but continued to operate independently as the Darlington Section until 1876. The opening of the S&DR was seen as proof of the effectiveness of steam railways and its anniversary was celebrated in 1875, 1925 and 1975. Much of the original route is now served by the Tees Valley Line, operated by Northern.

Locomotives were sometimes renumbered, and the old numbers re-used for new locomotives. The following list does not include all renumberings.

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

Number	Name	Wheels	Designer	Builder	Date introduced	Comments
1	Active, later Locomotion No. 1	0-4-0	G & R Stephenson	Robert Stephenson	1825	Preserved at Darlington
2	Hope	0-4-0	G & R Stephenson	Robert Stephenson	1825	[2]
3	Black Diamond	0-4-0	G & R Stephenson	Robert Stephenson	1826	[2]
4	Diligence	0-4-0	G & R Stephenson	Robert Stephenson	1826	[2]
5(1)	Stockton, nicknamed Chittaprat	?	?	Robert Wilson and Co	1826	[3][4]
5(2)	Royal George (rebuilt from Chittaprat)	0-6-0	Timothy Hackworth	?	1827	[5]
6	Experiment[lower-roman 1]	0-4-0	G & R Stephenson	Robert Stephenson	1826	[6]
7	Rocket[lower-roman 2]	0-6-0	Robert Stephenson?	Robert Stephenson?	1829	[7]
8(1)	Victory	0-6-0	Timothy Hackworth	Shildon railway works	1829	[8]
8(2)	Leader[lower-roman 3]	0-6-0	Timothy Hackworth	Soho Works, Shildon	1842	[9]
9	Globe	0-4-0	Timothy Hackworth?	Robert Stephenson?	?	[10]
10	Planet	2-2-0	Robert Stephenson	Robert Stephenson	1830	[11]
11	North Star	2-2-0	Robert Stephenson	Robert Stephenson	1830/31	[11]
12(1)	Majestic	0-6-0	Timothy Hackworth	Stephenson/Hawthorn[lower-roman 4]	1831/32	[12]
12(2)	Briton	0-6-0	Timothy Hackworth	Shildon railway works	1837	[11]
12(3)	Trader (rebuilt from Briton)	0-6-0	Timothy Hackworth	Soho Works, Shildon	1842	[9]
13	Coronation	0-6-0	Timothy Hackworth	Stephenson/Hawthorn	1831/32	[12]
14	William IV	0-6-0	Timothy Hackworth	Stephenson/Hawthorn	1831/32	[12]
15	Northumbrian	0-6-0	Timothy Hackworth	Stephenson/Hawthorn	1831/32	[12]
16	Director	0-6-0	Timothy Hackworth	Stephenson/Hawthorn	1831/32	[12]
17	Lord Brougham	0-6-0	Timothy Hackworth	Stephenson/Hawthorn	1831/32	[12]
18	Shildon	0-6-0	Timothy Hackworth	Stephenson/Hawthorn	1831/32	[12]
19	Darlington	0-6-0	Timothy Hackworth	Stephenson/Hawthorn	1831/32	[12]
20	Adelaide	0-6-0	Timothy Hackworth	Stephenson/Hawthorn	1831/32	[12]
21	Earl Grey	0-6-0	Timothy Hackworth	Stephenson/Hawthorn	1831/32	[12]
22	Lord Durham	0-6-0	Timothy Hackworth	Stephenson/Hawthorn	1831/32	[12]
23	Wilberforce	0-6-0	Timothy Hackworth	Hawthorn	1833	[12][13]
24	Magnet	0-6-0	Timothy Hackworth	Soho Works, Shildon	1835	[9] The first locomotive built at Soho.[14]
25(1)	Enterprise	0-6-0	Timothy Hackworth	William and Alfred Kitching	1835	[15]
25(2)	Derwent	0-6-0	Timothy Hackworth	William and Alfred Kitching	1845	Preserved at Darlington
26	Arrow	2-2-2	Timothy Hackworth	Soho Works, Shildon	1837	[16] [15]
27	Swift	0-4-0	Hawthorn	Hawthorn	1836	[15]
28 (later 43)	Sunbeam	2-2-0	Hawthorn	Hawthorn	1837	[15]
29 (later 40)	Queen	0-4-0	Kitching	Kitching	1837	[15]
30 (later 49)	Raby Castle	2-2-2	Kitching	Kitching	1839	[15]
31	Redcar	0-6-0	Hackworth/Bouch	Shildon railway works	1845	[17]
32	Eldon	0-6-0	Hackworth/Bouch	Shildon railway works	1846	[17]
33	Shildon	0-6-0	Hackworth/Bouch	Shildon railway works	1846	[17]
34	Driver	0-6-0	Hackworth/Bouch	Shildon railway works	1846	[17]
35	Commerce	0-6-0	William Bouch	Shildon railway works	1847	[17]
36	Guisbro	0-6-0	William Bouch	Shildon railway works	1847	[17]
37	Gem	0-6-0	William Bouch	Shildon railway works	1847	[17]
38	Rokeby	2-4-0	William Bouch	Shildon railway works	1847	[17]
39	Ruby	2-4-0	William Bouch	Shildon railway works	1847	[17]
40	Queen	formerly no.29	Kitching	Kitching	1837	[15]
41	Dart	0-4-0	Timothy Hackworth	Soho Works, Shildon	1839	[9][18]
42	London	0-4-0	J Hague?	J. Hague?	1839	[17][19]
43	Sunbeam	formerly no.28	Hawthorn	Hawthorn	1837	[15]
44	Sun	2-2-0	Edward Bury	William Fairbairn	1844	[17]
45	Gannymede	0-4-0	Edward Bury	William Fairbairn	1844	[20]
46	Antelope	2-2-0	Edward Bury	Edward Bury	1844	[20]
47	Unicorn	2-2-0	Edward Bury	Edward Bury	1844	[20]
48	Active	0-4-2	Kitching	Kitching	1844	[20]
49	Raby Castle	formerly no.30	Kitching	Kitching	1839	[15]
50	Meteor	2-2-2	William Bouch	Shildon Works	1842	[20]
51	Arrow	formerly no.26	Timothy Hackworth	Soho Works, Shildon	1837	[16] [15]
52	Comet	2-2-2	Kirtley	Kirtley [lower-roman 5]	1840/41	[20]
53	Manchester	2-2-2	Sharp, Roberts and Co.	Sharp, Roberts and Co.	1840	[20]
54	Tyneside	2-2-2	Robert Stephenson	Robert Stephenson	1842	[20]
55	Wolsingham	0-4-2	William and Alfred Kitching	William and Alfred Kitching	1847	[20]
60	Cleveland	0-6-0	J. Graham[lower-roman 6]	Gilkes Wilson and Company	1848	[21]
61	Star	0-6-0	J. Graham	Gilkes Wilson and Company	1849	[21]
62	Southend	0-6-0	J. Graham	Gilkes Wilson and Company	1849	[21] [22]
63	Birkbeck	0-6-0	W. Bouch	Shildon railway works	1849	[21]
64	Larchfield	0-6-0	W. Bouch	Shildon railway works	1849	[21]
65	Newmarket or Stephenson	2-4-0	Robert Stephenson?	Gilkes Wilson and Company	1850?	[21]
66	Priam	2-4-0	Robert Stephenson?	Gilkes Wilson and Company	1847	[21]
67	Orion	2-4-0	Robert Stephenson?	Gilkes Wilson and Company	1848	[21]
68	Brunswick	2-4-0	Robert Stephenson?	Gilkes Wilson and Company	1850	[21]
69	Clarendon	2-4-0	Robert Stephenson?	Gilkes Wilson and Company	1850	[21]
70	Alarm	2-4-0	Robert Stephenson?	Gilkes Wilson and Company	1851	[21]
71	Hackworth	2-4-0	?	Alfred Kitching	1851	[23]
	Albert	0-6-0	?	Gilkes, Wilson	1854	[24]
99	Ayton	2-4-0	Alfred Kitching	Gilkes Wilson	1855	[25]
116	Lartington	2-4-0	Alfred Kitching	Gilkes Wilson	1856
117	Nunthorpe	2-4-0	Alfred Kitching	Gilkes Wilson	1856
118	Elmfield	2-4-0	Alfred Kitching	Kitching & Co	1857
160	Brougham	4-4-0	William Bouch	Robert Stephenson	1860
161	Lowther	4-4-0	William Bouch	Robert Stephenson	1860
162	Saltburn	4-4-0	William Bouch	Robert Stephenson	1862
163	Morecambe	4-4-0	William Bouch	Robert Stephenson	1862
164	Belfast	4-4-0	William Bouch	Robert Stephenson	1862
165	Keswick	4-4-0	William Bouch	Robert Stephenson	1862

Disposal

When the North Eastern Railway (NER) took over the Stockton and Darlington Railway (SDR) in 1863, the SDR stock included 157 locomotives. The SDR locomotives were administered by a separate committee until 1873. The SDR locomotives were renumbered in 1873, mostly by the addition of 1000. In September 1875 there were still 55 SDR locomotives in existence.[26]

See also

• Darlington Works
• Locomotives of the North Eastern Railway

References

1. Not Experiment by Richard Roberts
2. Not the better-known Stephenson's Rocket
3. Not SR Leader class
4. Construction of the Majestic and Wilberforce classes (nos. 12-23) was allocated equally to Robert Stephenson and Company and R and W Hawthorn
5. This may be Thomas Kirtley whose company, Thomas Kirtley and Co., built locomotives from 1837 to 1841
6. Possibly John Graham who joined the Stockton and Darlington Railway in 1831 and was Traffic Manager until 1849

1. Kirby 2002, back page.
2. "Early locomotives". Grace's Guide.
9. J. Metcalfe (2016). "Timothy Hackworth". Railcentre - Railway History. p. 4.
11. Pearce (1996), p. 218.
12. J. Metcalfe (2016). "Timothy Hackworth". Railcentre - Railway History. p. 3.
13. Smith (2015), p. 40.
14. Smith (2015), pp. 44–45.
15. Pearce (1996), p. 220.
16. Smith (2015), pp. 55–56.
17. Pearce (1996), p. 221.
18. Smith (2015), p. 55.
19. https://www.gracesguide.co.uk/John_Hague
20. Pearce (1996), p. 222.
21. Pearce (1996), p. 223.
26. "NER locomotives". Steam Index.

• Kirby, Maurice W. (4 July 2002). The Origins of Railway Enterprise: The Stockton and Darlington Railway 1821–1863. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-89280-3.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Pearce, T R (1996). The Locomotives of the Stockton and Darlington Railway. London: Historical Model Railway Society. ISBN 0902835149.
• Smith, George Turner (2015). Thomas Hackworth: Locomotive Engineer. Fonthill. ISBN 978-1-78155-464-7.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)