List of stellar streams

This is a list of stellar streams. A stellar stream is an association of stars orbiting a galaxy that was once a globular cluster or dwarf galaxy that has now been torn apart and stretched out along its orbit by tidal forces. A notable exception in the list about Milky Way streams given below is the Magellanic Stream, composed of gas (mostly hydrogen).

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Stellar streams in the Milky Way, discovered in 2007

Local Group streams

Milky Way streams
Known streams in the Milky Way[1]
Name Origin Mass
(solar masses)		 Length
(light-years)		 Composition Discovery year
Arcturus stream Defunct dwarf galaxy Unknown Unknown Old stars deficient in heavy elements 1971[1]
Magellanic Stream Large and Small Magellanic Clouds 200 million 1 million Hydrogen gas 1972
Sagittarius Stream Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy 100 million 1 million Wide variety of stars 1994
Helmi stream Defunct dwarf galaxy 10—100 million Several complete loops around the Milky Way Old stars deficient in heavy elements 1999
Palomar 5 stream Globular cluster Palomar 5 5,000 30,000 Old stars 2001
Virgo stream Defunct dwarf galaxy 30,000 2001
Monoceros ring Canis Major Overdensity 100 million 200,000 Intermediate-age stars 2002
Anticenter stream Defunct dwarf galaxy Unknown 30,000 Old stars 2006
GD-1 Globular cluster Metal-poor stars 2006[2]
NGC 5466 stream

45 Degree Tidal Stream

 Globular cluster NGC 5466 10,000 60,000 Very old stars 2006[3][4]
Orphan stream Unknown (hence its name) Unknown[5] 20,000 Old stars 2006
Acheron stream Globular cluster 2007[3][6]
Boötes III stream Embedded in, and possible progenitor of the Styx stream 2007[3][6]
Cocytus stream Globular cluster 2007[3][6]
Lethe stream Globular cluster 2007[6]
Styx stream Defunct dwarf galaxy (possibly Boötes III) 2007[3][6]
Cetus Polar Stream Defunct dwarf galaxy Unknown Unknown Old stars 2009[7]
Aquarius Stream Defunct dwarf galaxy Unknown 30,000 Old stars 2010
Lamost 1 Disrupted globular cluster 21,000 Intermediate-age stars 2015[8]
Phoenix Stream Disrupted Globular Cluster Unknown 8000 Old stars 2016[9]
Fimbulthul stream Globular cluster Omega Centauri 318 2019[10]
Pisces-Eridanus stream disrupted cluster or association 2000 1300 very young (~120 Myr) nearby (260 - 870 light-years) stream[11] 2019[12]
Nyx stream remnant of a disrupted dwarf galaxy — long-ago galaxy merger about 200 stars 2020[13][14]

Andromeda Galaxy streams
Known streams in the Andromeda Galaxy
Name Origin Mass
(solar masses)		 Length
(light-years)		 Composition Discovery year
M31 Giant
stellar stream
Andromeda NE
stellar stream[15]		 2004
Tidal Stream Northwest (Tidal Stream E and F)[16] 2009
Tidal Stream Southwest[16] 2009

Streams beyond the Local Group
Other known streams outside the Local Group
Name Location Origin Mass
(solar masses)		 Length
(light-years)		 Composition Characteristics Discovery year
Young Blue Tidal Stream[17] NGC 5128 A gas fragment or
a dwarf galaxy		 2002
NGC 4013[18] former dwarf satellite
with low inclination orbit		 large looping structure 2008
NGC 5907[19] low-mass satellite accretion multiple surrounding loops 2009
NGC 4651[20] satellite accretion narrow jet-like structure and surrounding debris shell 2010
NGC 3521[20] satellite accretion jet-like structure and surrounding debris shell 2010
NGC 7531[20] satellite accretion surrounding debris shell 2010
NGC 1084[20] satellite accretion three giant disconnected plumes of similar width 2010
NGC 4216[20] satellite accretion ongoing tidal disruption of satellite galaxies
seen as long tails extending from the progenitor satellite		 2010
NGC 1055[20] satellite accretion clear box shaped inner halo sprinkled with a plethora of coherent spikes 2010
NGC 5291 galaxy interaction two separate tidal tails to the north and south ?
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See also

References
  1. Ibata, Rodrigo; Gibson, Brad (April 2007). "The Ghosts of Galaxies Past". Scientific American. 296 (4): 40–45. Bibcode:2007SciAm.296d..40I. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0407-40. PMID 17479629.
  2. Grillmair, C. J.; Dionatos, O. (2 May 2006). "Detection of a 63° Cold Stellar Stream in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey". The Astrophysical Journal. 643 (1): L17–L20. arXiv:astro-ph/0604332. Bibcode:2006ApJ...643L..17G. doi:10.1086/505111. ISSN 0004-637X.
  3. "Rings around the galaxy". Astronomy. 1 June 2007. Retrieved 12 July 2019.
  4. Grillmair, C. J.; Johnson, R. (8 February 2006). "The Detection of a 45° Tidal Stream Associated with the Globular Cluster NGC 5466". The Astrophysical Journal. 639 (1): L17–L20. arXiv:astro-ph/0602602. Bibcode:2006ApJ...639L..17G. doi:10.1086/501439.
  5. Newberg, Heidi Jo; Willett, Benjamin A.; Yanny, Brian; Xu, Yan (5 February 2010). "The Orbit of the Orphan Stream". The Astrophysical Journal. 711 (1): 32–49. arXiv:1001.0576. Bibcode:2010ApJ...711...32N. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/711/1/32.
  6. Grillmair, C. J. (5 March 2009). "Four New Stellar Debris Streams in the Galactic Halo". The Astrophysical Journal. 693 (2): 1118–1127. arXiv:0811.3965. Bibcode:2009ApJ...693.1118G. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/693/2/1118.
  7. Newberg, Heidi Jo; Yanny, Brian; Willett, Benjamin A. (10 July 2009). "Discovery of a New, Polar-Orbiting Debris Stream in the Milky Way Stellar Halo". The Astrophysical Journal. 700 (2): L61–L64. arXiv:0906.3291. Bibcode:2009ApJ...700L..61N. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/700/2/L61.
  8. Vickers, John J.; Smith, Martin C.; Hou, Yonghui; Wang, Yuefei; Zhang, Yong (23 December 2015). "LAMOST 1: A Disrupted Satellite in the Constellation Draco". The Astrophysical Journal. 816 (1): L2 (5 pp). arXiv:1512.05090. Bibcode:2016ApJ...816L...2V. doi:10.3847/2041-8205/816/1/L2.
  9. Balbinot, E.; Yanny, B.; Li, T. S.; Santiago, B.; Marshall, J. L.; Finley, D. A.; Pieres, A.; Abbott, T. M. C.; Abdalla, F. B.; Allam, S.; Benoit-Lévy, A. (March 2016). "The Phoenix Stream: A Cold Stream in the Southern Hemisphere". Astrophysical Journal. 820 (1): 58. arXiv:1509.04283. Bibcode:2016ApJ...820...58B. doi:10.3847/0004-637X/820/1/58. ISSN 0004-637X.
  10. Malhan, Khyati (23 April 2019). "Ghostly Tributaries to our Galaxy: Catastrophic tale of the most massive globular cluster of the Milky Way". Nature Research Astronomy Community. Retrieved 12 July 2019.
  11. Curtis, Jason L.; Agüeros, Marcel A.; Mamajek, Eric E.; Wright, Jason T.; Cummings, Jeffrey D. (August 2019). "TESS Reveals that the Nearby Pisces-Eridanus Stellar Stream is only 120 Myr Old". AJ. 158 (2): 77. arXiv:1905.10588. Bibcode:2019AJ....158...77C. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab2899. ISSN 0004-6256.
  12. Meingast, Stefan; Alves, João; Fürnkranz, Verena (February 2019). "Extended stellar systems in the solar neighborhood . II. Discovery of a nearby 120° stellar stream in Gaia DR2". A&A. 622: L13. arXiv:1901.06387. Bibcode:2019A&A...622L..13M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201834950. ISSN 0004-6361.
  13. ScitechDaily: Nyx: Stellar Stream of Stars Discovered in Milky Way That Originated in Another Galaxy, July 8th, 2020
  14. Necib, L., Ostdiek, B., Lisanti, M. et al.: Evidence for a vast prograde stellar stream in the solar vicinity. Nat Astron (2020). July 6th, 2020. doi:10.1038/s41550-020-1131-2
  15. Zucker, Daniel B.; Kniazev, Alexei Y.; Bell, Eric F.; Martinez-Delgado, David; Grebel, Eva K.; Rix, Hans-Walter; Rockosi, Constance M.; Holtzman, Jon A.; Walterbos, Rene A. M.; Ivezic, Zeljko; Brinkmann, J.; Brewington, Howard; Harvanek, Michael; Kleinman, S. J.; Krzesinski, Jurek; Lamb, Don Q.; Long, Dan; Newman, Peter R.; Nitta, Atsuko; Snedden, Stephanie A. (10 August 2004). "A New Giant Stellar Structure in the Outer Halo of M31". The Astrophysical Journal. 612 (2): L117–L120. arXiv:astro-ph/0401098. Bibcode:2004ApJ...612L.117Z. doi:10.1086/424706.
  16. "New tidal streams found in Andromeda reveal history of galactic mergers". Retrieved 12 July 2019.
  17. Peng, Eric W.; Ford, Holland C.; Freeman, Kenneth C.; White, Richard L. (December 2002). "A Young Blue Tidal Stream in NGC 5128". The Astronomical Journal. 124 (6): 3144–3156. arXiv:astro-ph/0208422. Bibcode:2002AJ....124.3144P. doi:10.1086/344308.
  18. Martinez-Delgado, David; Pohlen, Michael; Gabany, R. Jay; Majewski, Steven R.; Penarrubia, Jorge; Palma, Chris (23 February 2009). "Discovery of a Giant Stellar Tidal Stream Around the Disk Galaxy NGC 4013". The Astrophysical Journal. 692 (2): 955–963. arXiv:0801.4657. Bibcode:2009ApJ...692..955M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/692/2/955.
  19. Martinez-Delgado, David; Penarrubia, Jorge; Gabany, R. Jay; Trujillo, Ignacio; Majewski, Steven R.; Pohlen, Michael (10 December 2008). "The Ghost of a Dwarf Galaxy: Fossils of the Hierarchical Formation of the Nearby Spiral Galaxy NGC 5907". The Astrophysical Journal. 689 (1): 184–193. arXiv:0805.1137. Bibcode:2008ApJ...689..184M. doi:10.1086/592555.
  20. Martinez-Delgado, David; Gabany, R. Jay; Crawford, Ken; Zibetti, Stefano; Majewski, Steven R.; Rix, Hans-Walter; Fliri, Jurgen; Carballo-Bello, Julio A.; Bardalez-Gagliuffi, Daniella C.; Penarrubia, Jorge; Chonis, Taylor S.; Madore, Barry; Trujillo, Ignacio; Schirmer, Mischa; McDavid, David A. (7 September 2010). "Stellar Tidal Streams in Spiral Galaxies of the Local Volume: A Pilot Survey with Modest Aperture Telescopes". The Astronomical Journal. 140 (4): 962–967. arXiv:1003.4860. Bibcode:2010AJ....140..962M. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/140/4/962.
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