List of U.S. jurisdictions banning conversion therapy
This is a list of jurisdictions in the United States banning conversion therapy, the pseudoscientific practice of attempting to change an individual's sexual orientation or gender identity using psychological or spiritual interventions. A total of 20 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and 74 municipalities, mostly in Florida, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin and Minnesota, have enacted bans on the discredited practice, with penalties ranging from fines to imprisonment. The District of Columbia is the only jurisdiction whose ban also applies to adults.
![](../I/m/US_states_banning_conversion_therapy_for_minors.svg.png)
States
State | Date of enactment | Date effective | Legalization method | Details | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.[1] | ![]() |
August 19, 2013 | August 19, 2013 | Legislative statute | On June 24, 2013, the New Jersey Assembly voted 56–14 in favor of AB 3371.[2] On June 27, 2013, the New Jersey State Senate voted 28–9 to pass the bill.[3] On August 19, 2013, Governor Chris Christie (R) signed AB 3371 into law, and it took effect the same day.[4] |
2.[5] | ![]() |
September 30, 2012 | August 29, 2013 | Legislative statute | On May 30, 2012, the California State Senate voted 23–13 in favor of SB-1172. On August 28, 2012, the California State Assembly voted 52–22 in favor of the bill. On September 30, 2012, Governor Jerry Brown (D) signed it and it was scheduled to go into effect on January 1, 2013.[6] On December 21, 2012, in the case of Welch v. Brown, Judge William B. Shubb granted a preliminary injunction to SB-1172 from going into effect.[7] On August 29, 2013, in the case of Pickup v. Brown and Welch v. Brown, the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit upheld SB-1172 and reversed the lower court order granting a preliminary injunction.[8] |
3.[9] | ![]() |
May 18, 2015 | May 18, 2015 | Legislative statute | On March 17, 2015, the Oregon House of Representatives voted 41–18 in favor of HB 2307. On May 7, 2015, the Oregon State Senate voted 21–8 in favor of the bill. On May 18, 2015, Governor Kate Brown (D) signed HB 2307 and it went into effect the same day.[10][11] |
4.[12] | ![]() |
August 20, 2015 | January 1, 2016 | Legislative statute | On May 19, 2015, the Illinois House of Representatives voted 68–43 in favor of HB 217.[13] On May 29, 2015, the Illinois State Senate voted 34–19 in favor of the bill.[14] On August 20, 2015, Governor Bruce Rauner (R) signed HB 217, and it went into effect on January 1, 2016.[15] |
5.[16] | ![]() |
May 25, 2016 | July 1, 2016 | Legislative statute | On March 17, 2016, the Vermont Senate unanimously approved S.132.[17][18] On April 26, the Vermont House of Representatives approved it with amendments. The Senate concurred with the amendments on April 29.[19] Governor Peter Shumlin (D) signed the bill on May 25. It went into effect on July 1.[20] |
6.[21] | ![]() |
April 7, 2017 | April 7, 2017 | Legislative statute | The state Senate approved SB 121 on February 16, 2017 by a 32–6 vote, and the state House of Representatives concurred on March 15, 2017 by a 44–23 vote. The bill was signed by Governor Susana Martinez (R) on April 7, 2017.[22][23] The law went into effect immediately. |
7.[24] | ![]() |
May 10, 2017 | May 10, 2017 | Legislative statute | The state House of Representatives approved HB 6695 on May 2, 2017 by a 141–8 vote, and the Senate concurred on May 10, 2017 by a 36–0 vote. The bill was signed by Governor Dannel Malloy (D) the same day and took effect immediately.[25] |
8.[26] | ![]() |
July 19, 2017 | July 19, 2017 | Legislative statute | H 5277 was passed by the state House 69–0 on May 30, 2017.[27][28][29] The Senate approved the bill 29–0 on June 30. It was signed by Governor Gina Raimondo (D) on July 19, 2017 and took effect immediately.[30] |
9.[31] | ![]() |
May 17, 2017 | January 1, 2018 | Legislative statute | SB 201 was passed by the state Senate 15–5 on April 4, 2017 and by the Assembly 31–8 on May 9.[32][33][34] The Senate concurred with the House's amendments on the same day. The bill was signed by Governor Brian Sandoval (R) on May 17, 2017.[35][36] The law went into effect on January 1, 2018. |
10.[37] | ![]() |
March 28, 2018 | June 7, 2018 | Legislative statute | SB 5722[38] passed the state Senate 32–16 on January 19, 2018 and the state House 66–32 on February 28. After the Senate concurred with the amended House version on March 3, it was signed by Governor Jay Inslee (D) on March 28, 2018.[39][40] It took effect on June 7, 2018. |
11.[41] | ![]() |
May 25, 2018 | July 1, 2018 | Legislative statute | SB 270 passed the state Senate on March 6, 2018, by a vote of 24–1 and passed the state House of Representatives on April 10, 2018, by a vote of 49–2. A conference committee of both houses concluded on April 27, 2018 with an amended bill. It was approved by both houses on May 1, and was signed by Governor David Ige (D) on May 25, 2018. The law took effect on July 1, 2018.[42][43] |
12.[44] | ![]() |
July 23, 2018 | July 23, 2018 | Legislative statute | SB 65 passed the state Senate by a vote of 12–3 on May 17, 2017, and the state House on June 7, 2018 by a vote of 24–14.[45] The bill was signed by Governor John Carney (D) on July 23, 2018, and took effect immediately.[46] |
13.[47] | ![]() |
May 15, 2018 | October 1, 2018 | Legislative statute | SB 1028 passed the state Senate on March 27, 2018, by a vote of 34–12, and the state House on April 4, 2018, by a vote of 95–27.[48][49] The bill was signed by Governor Larry Hogan (R) on May 15, 2018, and went into effect on October 1, 2018.[50] |
14.[51] | ![]() |
June 8, 2018 | January 1, 2019 | Legislative statute | HB 587 passed the state House on February 8, 2018, by a vote of 179–171, and the state Senate on April 19, 2018, by a vote of 14–10, with an amendment.[52][53] The House concurred with the Senate's amendment on May 10, 2018.[54] It was signed by Governor Chris Sununu (R) on June 8, 2018 and took effect on January 1, 2019.[55] |
15.[56] | ![]() |
January 25, 2019 | January 25, 2019 | Legislative statute | A576 passed the state Assembly on January 15, 2019 by a vote of 134–3, and passed the state Senate that same day by a vote of 57–4.[57][58] The bill was signed by Governor Andrew Cuomo (D) on January 25, 2019, and took effect immediately upon receiving his signature. Since 2016, conversion therapy has been banned in New York from coverage by insurers and Medicaid, or from being practiced by any state-licensed or operated mental health facility per executive order.[59] |
16.[60] | ![]() |
April 8, 2019 | April 8, 2019 | Legislative statute | H140 was passed in the Massachusetts House of Representatives by a vote of 147–8 on March 13, 2019, and in the state Senate by a vote of 34–0 on March 28, 2019. Governor Charlie Baker (R) signed the legislation into law on April 8, 2019. The law prohibits licensed health care providers from practicing conversion therapy on minors within the state.[61] |
17.[62] | ![]() |
May 31, 2019 | August 2, 2019 | Legislative statute | On February 19, 2019, the Colorado House of Representatives passed HB19-1129,[63] which would ban conversion therapy on minors, with a vote of 42–20. It was approved by the state Senate with amendments by a vote of 21–13 on March 25, 2019. The House concurred with the amendments on April 5, 2019. The bill was signed by Governor Jared Polis (D) on May 31, and took effect 90 days after adjournment of the legislative session.[64][65] |
18.[66] | ![]() |
May 29, 2019 | September 17, 2019 | Legislative statute | On May 8, 2019, the Maine House of Representatives passed LD 1025,[67] which would ban conversion therapy on minors, with a vote of 91–46. It later passed in the Maine Senate on May 21, 2019, by a vote of 25–9. Governor Janet Mills (D) signed the legislation into law on May 29, 2019. The law prohibits licensed health care providers from practicing conversion therapy on minors within the state, and took effect 90 days after the adjournment of the legislative session.[68] A bill that previously passed the Maine Legislature in June 2018 was vetoed by former Governor Paul LePage the following month and failed to survive a veto override attempt. |
19.[69] | ![]() |
January 21, 2020 | January 21, 2020 | Executive order | After a bill to ban conversion therapy on minors failed to pass the Utah Senate, Governor Gary Herbert (R) signed an executive order prohibiting conversion therapy on minors by regulation on January 21, 2020.[70] |
20.[71] | ![]() |
March 2, 2020 | July 1, 2020 | Legislative statute | On February 3, 2020, the House of Delegates passed HB 386,[72] which would ban conversion therapy on minors, with a vote of 66–27. It was approved by the state Senate on February 17, in a vote of 22-18. Governor Ralph Northam (D) signed the legislation into law on March 2, 2020. The law took effect on July 1, 2020. |
Territories
Territory | Date of enactment | Date effective | Legalization method | Details | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.[73] | ![]() |
December 22, 2014 | March 11, 2015 | Legislative statute | On December 2, 2014, the Council of the District of Columbia voted unanimously (12 ayes) in favor of B20-0501. On December 22, 2014, Mayor Vincent C. Gray (D) signed B20-0501 into law. The act passed congressional review and took effect on March 11, 2015.
On January 16, 2019, Mayor Muriel Bowser (D) signed B22-0972, a bill approved unanimously[74] by the City Council extending the ban to adults who are under the care of a conservator or guardian. The bill was sent to Congress for a 30-day review.[75] |
2.[76] | ![]() |
March 27, 2019 | March 27, 2019 | Executive order | On March 27, 2019, Governor Ricardo Rosselló (PNP) issued an executive order prohibiting conversion therapy of minors, taking effect immediately.[77] Territorial agencies were provided 90 days for promulgation of the new order. |
Counties, municipalities and communities
County, municipality or community | Date of enactment | Date effective | Legalization method | Details | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.[78] | Cincinnati, Ohio | December 9, 2015 | January 9, 2016 | Ordinance | On December 9, 2015, the Cincinnati City Council voted 7–2 in favor of Ordinance 373 and it went into effect on January 9, 2016.[79] |
2.[80] | Miami Beach, Florida | June 8, 2016 | June 18, 2016 | Ordinance | On June 8, 2016, Miami Beach voted to ban conversion therapy. The ban was sponsored by Commissioner John Elizabeth Alemàn and was unanimously approved by the City Commission.[81][82] The ban took effect on June 18. |
3.[83] | Wilton Manors, Florida | September 13, 2016 | September 13, 2016 | Ordinance | On September 13, 2016, the City Commission of Wilton Manors unanimously approved an ordinance banning conversion therapy. The ban took effect that same day.[84] |
4.[85] | Seattle, Washington | August 1, 2016 | October 2, 2016 | Ordinance | On August 1, 2016, Seattle voted to ban conversion therapy on minors.[86][87] The ban was sponsored by councilmember Lorena González and was unanimously approved by all other eight city councilmembers. Mayor Ed Murray signed the ordinance on August 3 and it took effect on October 2. |
5.[88] | Miami, Florida | October 13, 2016 | October 13, 2016 | Ordinance | On October 13, 2016, the Miami City Commission voted 3–2 in favor of banning the use of conversion therapy on minors.[89][90] The ban was sponsored by Commissioner Francis Suarez and took effect that same day. |
6.[91] | West Palm Beach, Florida | November 7, 2016 | November 7, 2016 | Ordinance | On November 7, 2016, the City Commission of West Palm Beach unanimously approved an ordinance in its second reading banning conversion therapy. The ban took effect upon adoption.[92] |
7.[93] | Bay Harbor Islands, Florida | November 14, 2016 | November 14, 2016 | Ordinance | On November 14, 2016, the Bay Harbor Islands Town Council approved an ordinance banning conversion therapy. The ordinance came into effect that same day.[93] |
8.[94] | Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania | December 13, 2016 | December 20, 2016 | Ordinance | The Pittsburgh City Council voted in favor of an ordinance prohibiting conversion therapy on minors, by a vote of 9–0, on December 13, 2016. The ordinance went into effect on December 20, following Mayor Bill Peduto's signature.[95] |
9.[96] | Boynton Beach, Florida | January 17, 2017 | January 17, 2017 | Ordinance | On January 3, 2017, an ordinance banning conversion therapy in Boynton Beach passed its first reading.[97] The ordinance passed its second reading on January 17 and went into effect immediately.[96] |
10.[98] | Lake Worth, Florida | January 10, 2017 | January 20, 2017 | Ordinance | On December 13, 2016, the Lake Worth City Commission unanimously passed an ordinance banning conversion therapy on minors, in its first reading.[99] The ordinance passed its second reading, in a 5–0 vote, on January 10, 2017 and went into effect on January 20. |
11.[100] | El Portal, Florida | January 24, 2017 | January 24, 2017 | Ordinance | An ordinance banning conversion therapy passed its first reading in the El Portal Village Council in October 2016. The ordinance passed its second reading on January 24 and went into effect that same day.[100] |
12.[101] | Toledo, Ohio | February 7, 2017 | February 7, 2017 | Ordinance | An ordinance banning conversion therapy was unanimously (12–0) approved by the Toledo City Council on February 7, 2017.[102] |
13.[103] | Key West, Florida | March 7, 2017 | March 7, 2017 | Ordinance | On February 8, 2017, the Key West City Commission approved an ordinance banning conversion therapy, in its first reading. The ordinance passed its second reading on March 7 and took effect immediately. |
14.[104] | North Bay Village, Florida | March 14, 2017 | March 14, 2017 | Ordinance | On March 14, 2017, the Commission of North Bay Village voted to ban conversion therapy. The ban took effect immediately upon adoption.[104] |
15.[105] | Columbus, Ohio | March 27, 2017 | March 27, 2017 | Ordinance | On March 13, the City Council of Columbus approved an ordinance, banning the use of conversion therapy on minors, in its first reading. The ordinance was introduced by Council President Zach Klein. It unanimously passed its second reading on March 27 and took effect immediately.[106][107] |
16.[108] | Tampa, Florida | April 6, 2017 | April 6, 2017 | Ordinance | On April 6, the Tampa City Council unanimously approved a conversion therapy ban. The ban went into effect immediately.[109] |
17.[110] | Delray Beach, Florida | May 2, 2017 | May 2, 2017 | Ordinance | On April 18, 2017, the Delray Beach City Commission approved an ordinance banning conversion therapy, in its first reading.[111] The ordinance unanimously passed its second reading in the City Commission on May 2.[112] The ban took effect immediately. |
18.[113] | Riviera Beach, Florida | May 4, 2017 | May 4, 2017 | Ordinance | The Riviera Beach City Council unanimously approved a conversion therapy ban on May 4. The ban went into effect that same day.[114] |
19.[115] | Wellington, Florida | June 27, 2017 | June 27, 2017 | Ordinance | On June 27, 2017, the Wellington Village Council approved an ordinance banning conversion therapy, in its second reading. The ban took effect immediately.[116] |
20.[117] | Dayton, Ohio | July 5, 2017 | July 5, 2017 | Ordinance | On June 28, 2017, the Dayton City Council passed an ordinance banning conversion therapy.[118][119] The ordinance passed its second reading on July 5 and went into force immediately. |
21.[120] | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania | July 11, 2017 | July 11, 2017 | Ordinance | On June 22, 2017, the Philadelphia City Council approved an ordinance banning conversion therapy. It was signed by Mayor Jim Kenney on July 11, 2017.[121] The ordinance went into effect immediately. |
22.[122] | Allentown, Pennsylvania | July 20, 2017 | July 20, 2017 | Ordinance | On July 19, 2017, the Allentown City Council approved an ordinance banning conversion therapy.[123][124] It was signed by Mayor Ed Pawlowski the next day.[125] The ordinance went into effect immediately. |
23.[126] | Greenacres, Florida | August 7, 2017 | August 7, 2017 | Ordinance | On August 7, 2017, the Greenacres City Council approved an ordinance banning conversion therapy, in a 4–1 vote.[127] The ordinance took effect immediately.[128] |
24.[129] | Athens, Ohio | August 21, 2017 | August 21, 2017 | Ordinance | On August 21, 2017, the Athens City Council unanimously approved an ordinance banning conversion therapy within city limits.[130] The ordinance went into effect immediately. |
25.[131] | Pima County, Arizona | August 1, 2017 | August 31, 2017 | Ordinance | The Pima County Board of Supervisors passed, in a 3–2 vote, an ordinance banning conversion therapy.[132][133] The ordinance went into effect 30 days later, upon filing with the Arizona Department of State. |
26.[134] | Boca Raton, Florida | October 10, 2017 | October 10, 2017 | Ordinance | The Boca Raton City Council voted 4-1 to enact the ordinance banning conversion therapy on October 10, 2017.[135][136] The ordinance went into effect immediately. |
27.[137] | Oakland Park, Florida | October 18, 2017 | October 18, 2017 | Ordinance | The City Commission of Oakland Park approved a conversion therapy ban on October 18, 2017 in a unanimous 4–0 vote.[138] The ordinance went into force upon adoption. |
28.[139] | Palm Beach County, Florida | December 19, 2017 | December 21, 2017 | Ordinance | On December 19, 2017, the Palm Beach County Board of Commissioners approved, in a 5–2 vote, an ordinance banning conversion therapy. The ordinance applies to all incorporated and unincorporated municipalities in the county. It took effect upon filing with the Florida Department of State on December 21, 2017.[140] |
29.[141] | Reading, Pennsylvania | December 21, 2017 | December 21, 2017 | Ordinance | The Reading City Council approved a conversion therapy ban on December 18, 2017 in a unanimous vote. It was signed by Mayor Wally Scott on December 21, 2017.[142] The ordinance went into force upon adoption. |
30.[143] | Doylestown, Pennsylvania | December 18, 2017 | December 23, 2017 | Ordinance | The Borough Council of Doylestown passed (7–1) a conversion therapy ban on December 18, 2017. It came into effect five days later.[144] |
31.[145] | Broward County, Florida | January 9, 2018 | January 9, 2018 | Ordinance | On January 9, 2018, the Broward County Commission approved unanimously an ordinance banning conversion therapy.[146] The ordinance took effect upon filing with the Florida Department of State, which happened that same day. |
32.[147] | State College, Pennsylvania | February 5, 2018 | February 5, 2018 | Ordinance | On February 5, 2018, the Borough Council of State College approved unanimously an ordinance banning conversion therapy.[148] |
33.[149] | Erie County, New York | February 15, 2018 | March 7, 2018 | Ordinance | The Erie County Legislature unanimously approved a conversion therapy ban on February 15, 2018.[150] The ordinance was controversially named the "Prevention of Emotional Neglect and Childhood Endangerment" (P.E.N.C.E) after Vice President Mike Pence. After County Executive Mark Poloncarz signed the law on March 5, the law went into effect upon filing with the New York Department of State on March 7, 2018.[151][152] |
34.[153] | Yardley, Pennsylvania | March 6, 2018 | March 11, 2018 | Ordinance | On March 6, the Yardley Borough Council unanimously approved an anti-discrimination ordinance banning discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity and prohibiting conversion therapy on minors.[154][155] The ordinance went into force five days later. |
35.[156] | Gainesville, Florida | April 5, 2018 | April 5, 2018 | Ordinance | On April 5, 2018, the Gainesville City Commission unanimously approved a conversion therapy ordinance.[157][158] It went into effect immediately. |
36.[159] | Milwaukee, Wisconsin | April 4, 2018 | April 14, 2018 | Ordinance | On March 27, 2018, the Milwaukee Common Council passed (12–2) a conversion therapy ordinance banning the practice in the city of Milwaukee.[160] Mayor Tom Barrett signed the ordinance into law on April 4, and it went into effect 10 days later.[161] |
37.[162] | New York City, New York | January 5, 2018 | May 5, 2018 | Ordinance | In June 2017, a bill to ban conversion therapy was introduced to the New York City Council.[163] The City Council passed (43–2) the ban on November 30. Mayor Bill de Blasio returned the bill unsigned on January 5, thus allowing it to become law. It went into effect 120 days later.[164] The ban applies to minors as well as adults. In September 2019, following a lawsuit by the anti-LGBTQ hate group[165] Alliance Defending Freedom, the City Council moved to repeal the ban on conversion therapy for adults, citing how a ruling by the Second Circuit or the conservative Supreme Court could damage efforts against the practice nationwide.[166] |
38.[167] | Albany, New York | May 21, 2018 | May 21, 2018 | Ordinance | On May 21, 2018, an ordinance to ban conversion therapy was unanimously approved by the city's Common Council.[168] The ordinance went into effect immediately. |
39.[169] | Bellefonte, Pennsylvania | July 16, 2018 | July 16, 2018 | Ordinance | On July 16, 2018, an ordinance to ban conversion therapy was approved by the Borough Council.[170] The ordinance went into effect immediately. |
40.[171] | Bethlehem, Pennsylvania | July 17, 2018 | July 17, 2018 | Ordinance | On July 3, 2018, an ordinance to ban conversion therapy was approved unanimously by the City Council,[172] and on July 17, 2018, was approved in a second and final reading.[173] The ordinance went into effect immediately. |
41.[174] | Madison, Wisconsin | July 10, 2018 | July 20, 2018 | Ordinance | On July 10, 2018, an ordinance to ban conversion therapy was approved by the city's Common Council.[175] The ordinance went into effect on July 20, 2018. |
42.[176] | Ulster County, New York | July 20, 2018 | July 27, 2018 | Ordinance | On June 20, 2018, an ordinance to ban conversion therapy on minors was unanimously approved by the Ulster County Legislature.[177] It was signed by County Executive Michael P. Hein on July 20, 2018, and took effect upon filing with the New York Secretary of State on July 27, 2018.[178][179] |
43.[180] | Rochester, New York | July 25, 2018 | August 25, 2018 | Ordinance | In July 2018, consumer protection legislation was introduced to the City Council to prohibit conversion therapy.[181] On July 24, 2018, an ordinance to ban conversion therapy on minors was unanimously approved by the City Council. It was deemed duly adopted on July 25 and took effect 30 days later.[180] |
44.[182] | Albany County, New York | July 9, 2018 | August 31, 2018 | Ordinance | On July 9, 2018, the Albany County Legislature approved an ordinance to ban conversion therapy by a vote of 37–1.[183] The ordinance was signed and adopted by the County Executive on August 2, 2018, and was filed with the New York Secretary of State on August 31, 2018.[184] |
45.[185] | Eau Claire, Wisconsin | October 9, 2018 | October 9, 2018 | Ordinance | On October 9, 2018, the Eau Claire City Council unanimously passed an ordinance to protect minors from conversion therapy.[186][187] |
46.[188] | Lakewood, Ohio | October 15, 2018 | October 15, 2018 | Ordinance | On October 15, 2018, the Lakewood City Council unanimously approved a measure to ban conversion therapy.[189][190] Fines for violating the law range from $500 to $1,000. |
47.[191] | Westchester County, New York | October 18, 2018 | October 26, 2018 | Ordinance | On October 1, 2018, the Westchester County Board of Legislators unanimously voted to ban the practice of conversion therapy.[192][193] County Executive George Latimer signed the ordinance into law on October 18,[194] and on October 26, 2018, it was filed with the New York Department of State.[191] Those practicing conversion therapy may face a misdemeanor punishable by a $1,000 fine or up to one year imprisonment.[195] |
48.[196] | Newtown Township, Pennsylvania | November 28, 2018 | November 28, 2018 | Ordinance | On November 28, 2018, the Newtown Township (Bucks County) Board of Supervisors voted 4–0 to prohibit conversion therapy in a bill establishing a Human Rights Commission, enacting immediately upon passage.[197][198] |
49.[199] | Cudahy, Wisconsin | January 2, 2019 | January 2, 2019 | Ordinance | On January 2, 2019, the Cudahy Common Council voted to prohibit conversion therapy by a vote of 4–1.[200] |
50.[201] | Denver, Colorado | January 8, 2019 | January 8, 2019 | Ordinance | On January 7, 2019, the Denver City Council unanimously voted to ban the practice of conversion therapy,[202] and the ordinance was signed into law by Mayor Michael Hancock the following day.[201] Violations of the ordinance may be subject to penalties of $150 to $999 per violation.[203] The ban was seen as "largely symbolic", as the city had no known practitioners of conversion therapy.[204] |
51.[205] | Erie, Pennsylvania | June 5, 2019 | June 5, 2019 | Ordinance | On June 5, 2019, the Erie City Council approved a conversion therapy ban.[206] |
52.[207] | Shorewood, Wisconsin | June 17, 2019 | June 17, 2019 | Ordinance | An ordinance banning the practice of conversion therapy was approved by the Shorewood Village Board on June 17, 2019, and went into effect immediately upon passage.[208] The ban does not apply to free services.[209] |
53.[210] | Huntington Woods, Michigan | June 4, 2019 | June 24, 2019 | Ordinance | In a unanimous vote, the Huntington Woods City Commission approved a ban on conversion therapy.[211] The ordinance went into force 20 days later.[210] |
54.[212] | Alachua County, Florida | May 28, 2019 | July 9, 2019 | Ordinance | In a unanimous vote on May 28, 2019, the Alachua County Commission voted to prohibit the practice of conversion therapy on minors within the county. The bill took effect 10 days after filing with the Florida Secretary of State. Violators of the ordinance may be fined $500 per violation.[213][214] |
55.[215] | Kent, Ohio | July 17, 2019 | July 17, 2019 | Ordinance | An ordinance to ban conversion therapy on minors was unanimously passed by the Kent City Council on July 17, 2019, and became effective that same day.[215] |
56.[216] | Racine, Wisconsin | July 16, 2019 | July 18, 2019 | Ordinance | On July 16, 2019, the Racine Common Council passed (11–3) a conversion therapy ordinance banning the practice in the city of Racine. Mayor Cory Mason signed the ordinance into law on July 18.[217][218] |
57.[219] | Sheboygan, Wisconsin | August 5, 2019 | August 5, 2019 | Ordinance | On August 5, 2019, the Sheboygan Common Council passed (8–1) a conversion therapy ordinance banning the practice in the city of Sheboygan.[220] |
58.[221] | Superior, Wisconsin | August 20, 2019 | August 20, 2019 | Ordinance | An ordinance banning conversion therapy on minors was passed by the Superior City Council on August 20, 2019, and took effect immedidately upon passage.[222] |
59.[223] | Glendale, Wisconsin | August 26, 2019 | August 26, 2019 | Ordinance | An ordinance banning conversion therapy was approved by the Glendale Common Council on August 26, 2019.[224] |
60.[225] | Fort Lauderdale, Florida | September 17, 2019 | September 17, 2019 | Ordinance | On September 12, 2019, the Fort Lauderdale City Commission passed, in its first reading, an ordinance, which among other things, bans the use of conversion therapy on minors. The ban unanimously passed its second and final reading on September 17 and took effect immediately.[226][227][228] |
61.[229] | East Lansing, Michigan | September 10, 2019 | September 18, 2019 | Ordinance | In a divided 3–2 vote, the East Lansing City Council approved a conversion therapy ban,[230] which took effect 8 days later. |
62.[231] | Columbia, Missouri | October 7, 2019 | October 7, 2019 | Ordinance | The Columbia City Council unanimously approved a conversion therapy ordinance on October 7.[232] |
63.[233] | Ferndale, Michigan | October 14, 2019 | October 14, 2019 | Ordinance | The Ferndale City Council unanimously passed a conversion therapy ban on October 14, making the practice a misdemeanor and punishable by up to 93 days in jail and a fine of $500.[234] |
64.[235] | Kansas City, Missouri | November 14, 2019 | November 14, 2019 | Ordinance | A conversion therapy ordinance was introduced on October 24, 2019, and was passed unanimously in its final reading on November 14.[236] |
65.[237] | Minneapolis, Minnesota | November 22, 2019 | November 30, 2019 | Ordinance | An ordinance banning the use of conversion therapy on minors was unanimously passed by the Minneapolis City Council on November 22, 2019. It was signed by Mayor Jacob Frey on November 26 and was published four days later.[238] |
66.[239] | St. Louis, Missouri | December 23, 2019 | December 23, 2019 | Ordinance | On December 23, 2019, Mayor Lyda Krewson signed an ordinance prohibiting the use of conversion therapy on minors. The ordinance had previously been approved by the Board of Aldermen.[240] |
67.[241] | Berkley, Michigan | December 2, 2019 | January 1, 2020 | Ordinance | The Berkley City Council held a first reading on an ordinance to prohibit conversion therapy in early November. The ordinance passed its final reading on December 2, 2019, and went into effect 30 days later.[242] |
68.[243] | Duluth, Minnesota | December 16, 2019 | January 15, 2020 | Ordinance | An ordinance banning conversion therapy for minors was approved unanimously by the Duluth City Council on December 16, 2019. It went into effect 30 days later on January 15, 2020.[244] |
69.[245] | Allegheny County, Pennsylvania | February 11, 2020 | February 14, 2020 | Ordinance | A ban on conversion therapy was approved 13–2 on February 11, 2020.[246][247] Final approval was granted three days later.[245] |
70.[248] | Covington, Kentucky | March 24, 2020 | March 24, 2020 | Ordinance | An ordinance banning conversion therapy for minors was approved unanimously by the Covington City Council on March 24, 2020.[249] |
71.[250] | Tallahassee, Florida | April 8, 2020 | April 8, 2020 | Ordinance | An ordinance banning conversion therapy for minors was approved unanimously by the Tallahassee City Council on April 8, 2020, and it went into effect immediately.[251][252] |
72.[253] | Davenport, Iowa | April 22, 2020 | April 28, 2020 | Ordinance | An ordinance banning conversion therapy for minors was approved 8–2 on April 22, 2020[254] and went into effect upon publication on April 28, 2020. |
73.[255] | Red Wing, Minnesota | June 22, 2020 | July 6, 2020 | Ordinance | On June 22, the Red Wing City Council passed an ordinance to ban conversion therapy, taking effect two weeks later.[256] |
74.[257] | Saint Paul, Minnesota | June 17, 2020 | July 17, 2020 | Ordinance | The St. Paul City Council unanimously passed a conversion therapy ban on June 17, with penalties of up to $1,000.[258] The ordinance took effect one month later. |
School boards
School board | Date of enactment | Date effective | Legalization method | Details | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | Eau Claire Area School District Board of Education, Wisconsin | September 24, 2018 | September 24, 2018 | Policy | On September 24, 2018, the Eau Claire School Board voted unanimously (7 ayes) in favor of Board Policy 453.7 - Student Mental Health and Wellness Education, which included a clause stating "the Eau Claire Area School District shall exclusively enter into School-based health center agreements with health clinics and/or providers that agree to abide by the District's Nondiscrimination Policy for Students. The District shall not enter into agreements with health clinics and/or providers that endorse or engage in the practice of conversion therapy." The policy went into effect immediately.[259] |
Bans on conversion therapy funding
On August 3, 2019, North Carolina Governor Roy Cooper signed an executive order banning any state funding of conversion therapy on minors.[260][261][262]
Pending legislation
State-level legislation
As of May 2020, bills to ban conversion therapy on minors have been introduced or are pending in the legislatures of Georgia,[263] Kentucky,[264] Michigan,[265][266] Minnesota,[267][268] Nebraska,[269] North Carolina,[270][271] Ohio,[272][273] Oklahoma,[274] and Pennsylvania,[275]
Local legislation
Conversion therapy bans on minors are proposed or pending in Sarasota, Florida;[276] St. Petersburg, Florida;[109] and Appleton, Wisconsin.[277]
Federal legislation
The Therapeutic Fraud Prevention Act, which would ban conversion therapy nationwide, has been introduced in the 114th United States Congress and the 115th United States Congress by Rep. Ted Lieu (D-CA), who had authored the California bill while state senator.[278][279]
Failed legislation
Minnesota
On April 25, 2019, the Minnesota House of Representatives voted to incorporate HF 12, which would ban conversion therapy on minors, into the omnibus health and human services finance bill HF 2414 by a vote of 72–53.[lower-alpha 1][281][282] On April 30, 2019, the Minnesota Senate voted to strike the section by a vote of 34–30.[283][lower-alpha 2] The original bill, HF 12, remains active in the Minnesota Legislature.
Medical, psychological and psychiatric organizations
Despite the lack of federal legislation regarding bans on conversion therapy, such therapy has been banned by numerous therapy organizations operating in the U.S.[285][286] It has been banned by the American Psychiatric Association since 1998.[287][288] In 2009, conversion therapy was also rebuked by the American Psychological Association.[289] Others include the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Medical Association, the American College of Physicians, the American Academy of Physician Assistants, and many more. Organizations such as GLAAD and Human Rights Campaign have acknowledged that several other psychiatric and psychological organizations in the United States have rejected the practice of conversion therapy as well.[285][286]
Resolutions and proclamations
As of April 2020, eleven cities/counties have passed non-binding resolutions or proclamations declaring opposition to conversion therapy. These are Edgewater, Colorado;[290] Westminster, Colorado;[291] Wheat Ridge, Colorado;[292] Atlanta, Georgia;[293] Worcester, Massachusetts;[294] Columbia, Missouri;[295] Suffolk County, New York;[296] Harrisburg, Pennsylvania;[297] Appleton, Wisconsin;[277] Eau Claire County, Wisconsin;[298][299] and Shorewood, Wisconsin.[300]
See also
References
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- A BILL FOR AN ACT RELATING TO MINORS
- SB270
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- AN ACT TO AMEND TITLES 24 AND 29 OF THE DELAWARE CODE RELATING TO CONVERSION THERAPY.
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- Chapter 769 - SEXUAL ORIENTATION OR GENDER IDENTITY CHANGE EFFORTS
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- 2016-4018 Ordinance
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- AN ORDINANCE related to human rights; and adding a new Chapter 14.21 to the Seattle Municipal Code to prohibit the practice of conversion therapy on minors.
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- TOWN OF BAY HARBOR ISLANDS November 14, 2016 AGENDA
- Ordinance supplementing the Pittsburgh Code, Title VI Conduct, Article 1 Regulated Rights and Actions, to add a new Section 628 Sexual Orientation or Gender Identity or Expression Conversion Efforts prohibiting the practice of conversion therapy for LGBTQIA+ minors within the City of Pittsburgh.
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- Repealing Toledo Municipal Code Chapter 554 "Employment, Real Estate Discrimination", enacting a new Chapter 554, "Discrimination Prohibited" to include gender identity as a protected class and set forth additional prohibitions.
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- ORDINANCE NO. 071618- 01
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- AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF BETHLEHEM, COUNTIES OF LEHIGH AND NORTHAMPTON, COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, ESTABLISHING ARTICLE 1122 OF THE CODIFIED ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF BETHLEHEM, TITLED "APPROPRIATE MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES", PROVIDING FOR THE PROHIBITION OF CONVERSION THERAPY FOR MINORS
- Althouse, Stephen (July 4, 2018). "Bethlehem City Council votes to ban conversion therapy for minors". WFMZ-TV. Archived from the original on October 12, 2019. Retrieved May 8, 2020.
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- Prohibiting the practice of conversion therapy
- Peek, Jenny (July 11, 2018). "Madison Becomes Second City In Wisconsin To Ban Conversion Therapy". Wisconsin Public Radio. Archived from the original on May 31, 2019.
- Local Law No. 11 Of 2018
- Doxsey, Patricia R. (June 20, 2018). "Ulster County Legislature votes unanimously to ban use of conversion therapy on minors". Daily Freeman. Archived from the original on May 9, 2020.
- Doxsey, Patricia R. (July 20, 2018). "Hein signs Ulster County conversion therapy ban, calls practice 'disgraceful pseudoscience'". Daily Freeman. Archived from the original on May 30, 2019.
- ULSTER_2018_3
- "July 24, 2018 Certified Ordinances". City of Rochester. pp. 6–9. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
- "City aims to ban conversion therapy in Rochester". WHAM-TV. July 13, 2018. Archived from the original on September 25, 2018. Retrieved May 8, 2020.
- Local Law No. "E" for 2018
- Fries, Amanda (July 11, 2018). "Albany County bans 'so-called' conversion therapy on minors". Times Union. Archived from the original on June 21, 2019.
- ALBANY_2018_3
- EAU CLAIRE CITY COUNCIL AGENDA TUESDAY, OCTOBER 9, 2018, Ordinance creating Chapter 8.08, entitled "Conversion Therapy Prohibited", of the Code of Ordinances of the City of Eau Claire
- Kremer, Rich (October 12, 2018). "Eau Claire Becomes Third Wisconsin City To Ban Conversion Therapy". Archived from the original on April 5, 2019.
- "Eau Claire City Council September 25 Legislative Packet" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 26, 2018.
- ORDINANCE NO. 41-18
- Shaw, Courtney (October 15, 2018). "Lakewood City Council passes measure to protect LGBTQ youth from conversion therapy". WEWS-TV. Archived from the original on November 14, 2019.
- Benson, John (September 19, 2018). "Lakewood City Council considering ordinance banning conversion therapy". Cleveland.com. Archived from the original on June 30, 2019.
- WESTCHESTER_2018_7
- Local Law 11022
- "Board Votes to Ban Conversion Therapy for Minors" (Press release). Westchester County Board of Legislators. October 2, 2018. Archived from the original on October 4, 2018.
- Schliep, Theresa (October 18, 2018). "Westchester County Bans Conversion Therapy". WFUV. Archived from the original on May 9, 2020. Retrieved May 8, 2020.
- Lungariello, Mark (October 1, 2018). "Westchester lawmakers to vote on gay conversion therapy ban". The Journal News. Archived from the original on October 18, 2018. Retrieved May 8, 2020.
- Ordinance 2018-0-8
- Newtown Township Board of Supervisors Meeting Minutes November 28, 2018
- Friestad, Thomas (November 29, 2018). "Newtown Township passes anti-discrimination ordinance, sets LGBT protections". Bucks County Courier Times. Archived from the original on August 24, 2019. Retrieved May 8, 2020.
- Ordinance No. 2477
- Hanley, Erik S. (January 7, 2019). "Cudahy 4th city in Wisconsin to ban conversion therapy". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Archived from the original on March 25, 2019.
- A bill for an ordinance adopting a new Article IX of Chapter 28 of the Revised Municipal Code concerning "Prohibition of Conversion Therapy."7
- Nicholson, Kieran (January 7, 2019). "Denver City Council unanimously votes to ban gay conversion therapy on minors". The Denver Post. Archived from the original on March 18, 2020. Retrieved May 8, 2020.
- COUNCIL BILL NO. CB18-1508
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- "Article 745 Conversion Therapy, Ordinance 34-2019". ecode360.com.
- "Erie City Council Passes Ban on Conversion Therapy". Erie News Now. WICU-TV. June 5, 2019. Archived from the original on June 9, 2019.
- Ordinance No. 3001
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