List of DNA-tested mummies

This is a purported list of ancient humans remains, including mummies, that may have been DNA tested. Provided as evidence of the testing are links to the mitochondrial DNA sequences, and/or to the human haplogroups to which each case has been assigned. Also provided is a brief description of when and where they lived. Entries lacking a citation should be viewed with skepticism; in particular, cases with no sequence or haplogroup links, with citation, have no evidentiary basis for appearing.

mtDNA tests

The following mummies have undergone an mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA) test, of remains with the indicated name, from the indicated locations:

Name Original Location
of Remains		 Date Lived
(years ago)		 Mitochondrial DNA sequence mtDNA Haplogroup Y-DNA Haplogroup
Paglicci 23 Italy 28,000[1] CRS [2] H
Paglicci 25 Italy 23,000[3] 7,025 AluI, 00073A, 11719G, 12308A [4] HV[4]|
Cheddar Man England >9,000 16192T, 16270T U5b1[5] I2-L38 (I2a2)[6]
Ötzi the Iceman Austria/Italy 5,300 [7] K.[8][9] G2a2b[10]
Nakht-Ankh Egypt 4,000[11] M1a1[11]
Khnum-Nakht Egypt 4,000[11] M1a1[11]
Djehutynakht (10A) Egypt 4,000[12] U5b2b5[12]
JK2134

JK2911

JK2888

JK2887

 Egypt 2,776[13]

2,769[13]

2,097[13]

3,388[13]

 J1d[13]

M1a1[13]

U6a2[13]

J2a1a1[13]

 J[13]

J[13]

E1b1b1a1b2[13]

Tel Shadud Canaanite Nobelman Israel 3,300[14] Haplogroup R1b[14]
Tel Shadud specimen L126 Israel 3,300[14] Haplogroup I5a1[14] Haplogroup J[14]
Ramesses III Egypt 3,200[15] E1b1a[16]
Pentawer Egypt 3,200[15] E1b1a[16]
Takabuti Egypt 2,600[17] H4a1[17]
OM:KMM A 64

YM:KMM A 63

 Egypt 2,320[18]

2,300[18]

 T2c1a[18]

HV[18]
The Norwich Anglo-Saxon England 1,000 16189A, 16223T, 16271C, 16278T X
Juanita the Ice Maiden Peru 500 16111T, 16223T, 16290T, 16319A[19] A
Young Man of Byrsa Tunisia late 6th century BCE U5b2c1[20]
500-year-old Inca child Argentina 500[21] C1b[21]

DNA tests

The following mummies have undergone DNA tests, of remains with the indicated name, from the indicated locations:

Name Original Location
of Remains		 Date Lived
(years ago)		 DNA sequence Y-DNA Haplogroup
Thuya Egypt 3,390 D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,

D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [22]
Yuya Egypt 3,390 D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,

D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [22]
Tiye (Elder Lady KV35) Egypt 3,370 D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,

D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [22]
Amenhotep III Egypt 3,370 D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,

D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [22]
KV55 mummy Egypt 3,350 D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,

D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [22]
KV35 Younger Lady Egypt 3,390 D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,

D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [22]
Tutankhamun Egypt 3,340 D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,

D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [22]
KV21 Mummy A Egypt 3,340 D13S317, D2S1338, D21S11,

D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [22]
KV21 Mummy B Egypt 3,340 D13S317, D2S1338,

D16S539, CSF1PO [22]
KV62 Fetus 1 Egypt 3,340 D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,

D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [22]
KV62 Fetus 2 Egypt 3,340 D13S317, D7S820, D2S1338, D21S11,

D16S539, D18S51, CSF1PO, FGA [22]
gollark: It's not very efficient to have one thing do both because being specialized means they can make specific optimizations.
gollark: But they're not as good because thermal constraints and no ability to swap the bits separately.
gollark: I mean, you have CPUs with built-in integrated graphics.
gollark: Already exists. Ish.
gollark: But a lot of it is environmental, and if you have 73 children they probably won't all get the necessary attention.

See also

References
  1. Kambiz Kamrani (2006). "The 28,000 Year Old Paglicci 23 Cro-Magnon mtDNA Ain't Neandertal — It Is More Modern Than Anything Else". Anthropology.net. Archived from the original on January 20, 2016. Retrieved January 26, 2015.
  2. Caramelli, David; Vai, Stefania (July 2008). "A 28,000 Years Old Cro-Magnon mtDNA Sequence Differs from All Potentially Contaminating Modern Sequences". PLoS ONE. 3 (7): e2700. Bibcode:2008PLoSO...3.2700C. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002700. PMC 2444030. PMID 18628960.
  3. Mallegni, F; Bertoldi, F; Manolis, S.K. (1999). "The Gravettian female human skeleton from Grotta Paglicci, south Italy". HOMO: Journal of Comparative Human Biology. 50 (2): 127–148.
  4. Caramelli, David; Lalueza-Fox, Carles; et al. (May 27, 2003). "Evidence for a genetic discontinuity between Neandertals and 24,000-year-old anatomically modern Europeans". PNAS. 100 (11): 6593–6597. Bibcode:2003PNAS..100.6593C. doi:10.1073/pnas.1130343100. PMC 164492. PMID 12743370.
  5. Brace, Selina; et al. (18 February 2018). "Population Replacement in Early Neolithic Britain". bioRxiv 10.1101/267443.
  6. Haak, Wolfgang; Lazaridis, Iosif; Patterson, Nick; Rohland, Nadin; Mallick, Swapan; Llamas, Bastien; Brandt, Guido; Nordenfelt, Susanne; Harney, Eadaoin; Stewardson, Kristin; Fu, Qiaomei; Mittnik, Alissa; Bánffy, Eszter; Economou, Christos; Francken, Michael; Friederich, Susanne; Pena, Rafael Garrido; Hallgren, Fredrik; Khartanovich, Valery; Khokhlov, Aleksandr; Kunst, Michael; Kuznetsov, Pavel; Meller, Harald; Mochalov, Oleg; Moiseyev, Vayacheslav; Nicklisch, Nicole; Pichler, Sandra L.; Risch, Roberto; Guerra, Manuel A. Rojo; Roth, Christina; Szécsényi-Nagy, Anna; Wahl, Joachim; Meyer, Matthias; Krause, Johannes; Brown, Dorcas; Anthony, David; Cooper, Alan; Alt, Kurt Werner; Reich, David (10 February 2015). "Massive migration from the steppe is a source for Indo-European languages in Europe". arXiv:1502.02783. Bibcode:2015Natur.522..207H. bioRxiv 10.1101/013433. doi:10.1038/nature14317.
  7. Bonani, Georges; Ivy, Susan D.; et al. (1994). "AMS 14
    C
     Age Determination of Tissue, Bone and Grass Samples from the Ötzal Ice Man"     (PDF). Radiocarbon. 36 (2): 247–250. doi:10.1017/s0033822200040534. Retrieved February 4, 2016.
  8. Ermini, Luca; Olivieri, Cristina; et al. (November 11, 2008). "Complete Mitochondrial Genome Sequence of the Tyrolean Iceman". Current Biology. 18 (21): 1687–93. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.09.028. PMID 18976917.
  9. Endicott, Phillip; Sanchez, Juan J; et al. (2009). "Genotyping human ancient mtDNA control and coding region polymorphisms with a multiplexed Single-Base-Extension assay: The singular maternal history of the Tyrolean Iceman". BMC Genetics. 10: 29. doi:10.1186/1471-2156-10-29. PMC 2717998. PMID 19545382.
  10. Keller, Andreas; Graefen, Angela; et al. (February 28, 2012). "New insights into the Tyrolean Iceman's origin and phenotype as inferred by whole-genome sequencing". Nature Communications. 3: 698. Bibcode:2012NatCo...3..698K. doi:10.1038/ncomms1701. PMID 22426219.
  11. Ancient DNA results end 4,000-year-old Egyptian mummy mystery
  12. Loreille, Odile; Ratnayake, Shashikala; Bazinet, Adam L.; Stockwell, Timothy B.; Sommer, Daniel D.; Rohland, Nadin; Mallick, Swapan; Johnson, Philip L. F.; Skoglund, Pontus; Onorato, Anthony J.; Bergman, Nicholas H. (March 2018). "Biological Sexing of a 4000-Year-Old Egyptian Mummy Head to Assess the Potential of Nuclear DNA Recovery from the Most Damaged and Limited Forensic Specimens". Genes. 9 (3): 135. doi:10.3390/genes9030135. PMC 5867856. PMID 29494531.
  13. Schuenemann, Verena J.; Peltzer, Alexander; Welte, Beatrix; van Pelt, W. Paul; Molak, Martyna; Wang, Chuan-Chao; Furtwängler, Anja; Urban, Christian; Reiter, Ella; Nieselt, Kay; Teßmann, Barbara (2017-05-30). "Ancient Egyptian mummy genomes suggest an increase of Sub-Saharan African ancestry in post-Roman periods". Nature Communications. 8 (1): 1–11. Bibcode:2017NatCo...815694S. doi:10.1038/ncomms15694. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 5459999. PMID 28556824.
  14. The Canaanite Nobelman of Tel Shadud - Levantine R1b?
  15. "Study reveals that Pharaoh's throat was cut during royal coup" (Press release). BMJ. 2012. Retrieved February 8, 2016.
  16. Hawass, Zahi; Ismail, Somaia; Selim, Ashraf; Saleem, Sahar N.; Fathalla, Dina; Wasef, Sally; Gad, Ahmed Z.; Saad, Rama; Fares, Suzan; Amer, Hany; Gostner, Paul; Gad, Yehia Z.; Pusch, Carsten M.; Zink, Albert R. (December 17, 2012). "Revisiting the harem conspiracy and death of Ramesses III: anthropological, forensic, radiological, and genetic study". BMJ. 345: e8268. doi:10.1136/bmj.e8268. hdl:10072/62081. PMID 23247979. Retrieved 8 February 2016.
  17. "Shocking truth behind Takabuti's death revealed". Shocking truth behind Takabuti’s death revealed. Retrieved 2020-01-29.
  18. Oras, Ester; Anderson, Jaanika; Tõrv, Mari; Vahur, Signe; Rammo, Riina; Remmer, Sünne; Mölder, Maarja; Malve, Martin; Saag, Lehti; Saage, Ragnar; Teearu-Ojakäär, Anu (2020-01-16). "Multidisciplinary investigation of two Egyptian child mummies curated at the University of Tartu Art Museum, Estonia (Late/Graeco-Roman Periods)". PLOS ONE. 15 (1): e0227446. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0227446. ISSN 1932-6203.
  19. "Ancient DNA". www.isogg.org. International Society of Genetic Genealogy. 14 May 2005. Retrieved 5 April 2015.
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  21. Gómez-Carballa A, Catelli L, Pardo-Seco J, et al. (November 12, 2015). "The complete mitogenome of a 500-year-old Inca child mummy". Sci Rep. 5: 16462. Bibcode:2015NatSR...516462G. doi:10.1038/srep16462. PMC 4642457. PMID 26561991.
  22. Hawass, Zahi; Gad, Y. Z.; Ismail, S.; Khairat, R.; Fathalla, D.; Hasan, N.; Ahmed, A.; Elleithy, H.; Ball, M.; Gaballah, F.; Wasef, S.; Fateen, M.; Amer, H.; Gostner, P.; Selim, A.; Zink, A.; Pusch, C. M. (2010). "Ancestry and Pathology in King Tutankhamun's Family". JAMA. 303 (7): 638–47. doi:10.1001/jama.2010.121. PMID 20159872.

Further reading
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