Liberal Democratic Party of Germany

The Liberal Democratic Party of Germany (German: Liberal-Demokratische Partei Deutschlands, LDPD) was a political party in East Germany. Like the other allied bloc parties of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) in the National Front, it had 52 representatives in the People's Chamber.

Liberal Democratic Party of Germany Liberal-Demokratische Partei Deutschlands
Chairman	Waldemar Koch (1945) Wilhelm Külz (1945–1948) Arthur Lieutenant (1948–1949) Karl Hamann, Hermann Kastner (1949–1952) Hans Loch (1952–1960) Max Suhrbier (1960–1967) Manfred Gerlach (1967–1979) Unknown (1979–1989) Rainer Ortleb (1989–1990)
Founded	5 July 1945
Dissolved	11 August 1990
Merged into	Free Democratic Party
Headquarters	East Berlin, East Germany
Membership (1987)	106,000[1]
Ideology	Liberalism
National affiliation	Democratic Bloc (1945–1950) National Front (1950–1990) Association of Free Democrats (1990–1991)
Colours	Black, red, yellow (National colours)
Party flag
Politics of East Germany Elections

Foundation

The history of the party dates back to 16 June 1945, when a Berlin-based group led by Waldemar Koch and his father-in-law Eugen Schiffer took the initiative in refounding the Weimar-era German Democratic Party.[2][3] Koch was elected chair of the founding committee, with Wilhelm Külz as his deputy; the writer Franz Xaver Kappus joined the board as well.[2][3] At first there were some conversations about forming a united centre-right democratic party with the Christian Democrats, but the idea was abandoned soon and the name was changed to Liberal Democratic Party ("Liberal-Demokratische Partei", LDP)[3] before the party's official founding on 5 July 1946.

It was first of all aimed at uniting Weimar Republic-era members of the German Democratic Party, German People's Party and German National People's Party. Unlike the East German Christian Democratic Union (CDU), the Liberal Democratic Party was firmly for private ownership and opposed to nationalization of important private enterprises. Among the new anti-fascist parties, Liberal Democratic Party was the most anti-communist at the time.

After internal fighting and under pressure from Soviet authorities, Koch was replaced with the more pliable Wilhelm Külz in November 1945.

In the last free election, of 1946, the Liberal Democrats finished third, behind the SED and the CDU. At the end of 1948, during the culmination of their opposition to the SED seizure of power, the LDP had more than 200,000 members, 23% of whom were younger than 25.

Unification attempts

Wilhelm Külz (left) in December 1947 with Wilhelm Pieck (SED) and Otto Nuschke (CDU) at the "People's Congress"

In July 1946 the LDP and the liberal parties in the Western Zones founded a joint Coordination committee with the aim of forming an All-Germany liberal party (Deutsche Demokratische Partei, DPD). The founding of the Democratic Party of Germany began with a conference in Rothenburg ob der Tauber on 17 March 1947. Wilhelm Külz and Theodor Heuss (representing Western liberals) acted as co-chairman. Such undertakings failed quickly, owing to Külz's participation in the SED-sponsored German People's Congress for Unity and Just Peace.

The failure of unification became imminent when at a session of the united leadership of DPD that took part on 18 January 1948 and which Külz refused to attend, Theodor Heuss argued that the Liberal Democrats' unwillingness to take any measures against Külz proved their commitment to 'the Russian conception of German unity'. Arthur Lieutenant, the spokesman of LDP on the matter, declared that under those circumstances and concerning reproaches laid against East German liberals, any co-operation had been made impossible.

A Blockpartei

Party convention in 1987, with singer Dagmar Frederic and professor Zippel of Charité

After 1949, it shared the same fate as the other legal East German parties. As a bloc party (Blockpartei) of the National Front it jettisoned its original ideology, acting as a "helpmeet" to the Communist Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED). Another bloc party, the National Democratic Party of Germany (NDPD), appealed to almost the same social groups. In October 1951, the LDP was ordered to add the "D" for "Germany" (Deutschland) into its name in order to serve the SED's all-German propaganda of that time.

LDPD member Johannes Dieckmann was the chairman of the Volkskammer from 1949 to 1969, and as such was ex officio vice president of the GDR during that time.

The central newspaper of LDPD used to be the daily Der Morgen ("The Morning").

Manfred Gerlach was the Chairman of the Liberal Democratic Party from 1967 to his resignation in 1990. Gerlach had initially been a loyal partner of the SED, but began moving toward a more independent line in the 1980s. At an extraordinary party congress held 9–10 February 1990 in Dresden it returned to genuine liberal policies and dropped "of Germany" from its name. On 12 February 1990 it joined the Association of Free Democrats, which finally merged into the Free Democratic Party (FDP) on 11 August 1990.

Foreign contacts

The LDPD had contacts with other (nominally) liberal parties in the Communist bloc: Polish Democratic Party (Stronnictwo Demokratyczne, SD), the Czechoslovak Socialist Party (Československá strana socialistická, CSS),[4] the Democratic Party of Vietnam and the Korean Democratic Party (Chõson Sahoeminjudang, CS).[5] The Liberal Democratic Party of GDR also had some contacts with the West German FDP; in the 1960s and 1970s, the relations were cool, but contacts intensified in the 1980s.[6]

Electoral history

Volkskammer elections

Election	Votes	%	Seats	+/–
1949	as part of Democratic Bloc		45 / 330 [lower-alpha 1]	–
1950	as part of National Front		60 / 400	15
1954			45 / 400	15
1958			45 / 400
1963			45 / 434
1967			45 / 434
1971			45 / 434
1976			45 / 434
1981			52 / 500	7
1986			52 / 500
1990	with Association of Free Democrats	5.3%	10 / 400	42

1. The 1,400 elected members of the Third German People's Congress selected the members of the second German People's Council.

See also

• Liberalism
• Contributions to liberal theory
• Liberalism worldwide
• List of liberal parties
• Liberal democracy
• Liberalism in Germany

References

1. Dirk Jurich, Staatssozialismus und gesellschaftliche Differenzierung: eine empirische Studie, p.31. LIT Verlag Münster, 2006, ISBN 3825898938
2. Dittberner, Jürgen (2012-12-06). Die FDP: Geschichte, Personen, Organisation, Perspektiven. Eine Einführung (in German). Springer-Verlag. ISBN 9783322935335.
3. Hilger, Andreas; Schmidt, Ute; Wagenlehner, Günther (2001). Sowjetische Militärtribunale (in German). Böhlau Verlag Köln Weimar. ISBN 9783412068011.
4. which represented liberalism, despite its name
5. Peter Joachim Lapp Die "befreundeten Parteien" der SED, 1988, p. 104
6. Peter Joachim Lapp Die "befreundeten Parteien" der SED, 1988, pp. 108-109.

External links

• Liberal Democratic Party of Germany from Chronik der Wende
• "FDP takes over 'Block flutes'" (In German)