Lia Addadi

Lia Addadi (born 1950) is a professor of structural biology at the Weizmann Institute of Science. She works on crystallisation in biology, including biomineralization, interactions with cells and crystallisation in cell membranes.[1] She was elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) in 2017 for “distinguished and continuing achievements in original research”,[2] and the American Philosophical Society (2020).[3]

Lia Addadi
Lia Addadi in the Weizmann Institute of Science
Born1950 (age 69–70)
Padua, Italy
Alma materUniversity of Padua (BS, MS)
Weizmann Institute of Science (PhD)
AwardsGregori Aminoff Prize (2011)
Member of the National Academy of Sciences (2017)
Scientific career
FieldsBiomineralization
InstitutionsWeizmann Institute of Science
Harvard University
ThesisPlanning and execution of a solid State "absolute" asymmetric dimerization and polymerization with quantitative Enantiomeric yield (1979)
Doctoral advisorMeir Lahav
InfluencesJeremy R. Knowles
Websitewww.weizmann.ac.il/Structural_Biology/Addadi

Early life and education
Lia Addadi (fifth from right) outside the David Lopatie Hall of Graduate studies

Addadi was born in Padua. She earned her bachelor's and master's degrees in chemistry at the University of Padua, and graduated in 1973.[4][5] She moved to Rehovot for her PhD supervised by Meir Lahav on the synthesis of chiral polymers at the Weizmann Institute of Science,[6][4] which she completed in 1979.

Research and career

After her PhD, Addadi joined Jeremy R. Knowles at Harvard University.[4][7] She started to work on crystal growth during her PhD, and by chance met Steve Weiner who was working on biomineralization.[8] Together they investigated many biominerals, including demonstrating the matrix sheets of crystals in Nacre (Mother of Pearl).[9]

Addadi returned to the Weizmann Institute of Science as an Associate Professor in 1988.[4] She was promoted to full professor in 1993 and Head of the Structural Biology in 1994. She works on ordered crystal arrays and mineralised tissues. She has investigated the relationship between acidic proteins with biominerals including calcite and apatite.[4][10] She demonstrated that macromolecules in the shells of mollusks determines the polymorphism of aragonite and calcite.[11] She went on to establish the role of amorphous calcium carbonate in biomineralisation.[12] Addadi identified that mollusks build their shells using hydrophobic silk gels, aspartic acid, acid rich proteins and an amorphous precursor.[13]

Addadi is interested in how macromolecules nucleate oriented growth, and how morphology changes through interactions with surfaces.[4] Addadi looks at the structures of crystal protein composites. She demonstrated that protein intercalation into the lattice can changes the texture and mechanical properties of the material.[4] She showed that immunoglobulins and serum albumins can selectively adhere to the surfaces of crystals and nucleate further crystal growth.[4][14] This can help too understand how diseases such as gout, osteoarthritis and atherosclerosis form crystals in body fluids.[4][8] Addadi studies the formation pathways of these mineralised tissues in foraminifera and zebrafish bone.[2] She was the first woman to win the ETH Zurich prelog prize in 1989.[15] She was appointed dean of the faculty of chemistry in 2001.[5]

Her work has considered molecular recognition at crystal interfaces.[4] When introduced to an organism, crystals appear as highly structured, repetitive macromolecular substrates.[5] She studies monoclonal antibodies that are sensitive to specific crystalline organisations.[5] She also investigates cross-talk between crystals and the biological environments they exist in.

Her inaugural year article for Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS) considered the formation of cholesterol crystals in atherosclerosis.[16] She demonstrated that in cell culture crystals adopt a similar shape to the atherosclerotic plaque that forms in cells, because they are formed from the same cholesterol. The crystals adopt helical or tubular forms. Addadi used stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy and soft X-ray tomography to identify the cholesterol inside cells.

Awards and honours
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References
  1. Balaban, Nathalie Q.; Schwarz, Ulrich S.; Riveline, Daniel; Goichberg, Polina; Tzur, Gila; Sabanay, Ilana; Mahalu, Diana; Safran, Sam; Bershadsky, Alexander; Addadi, Lia; Geiger, Benjamin (2001). "Force and focal adhesion assembly: a close relationship studied using elastic micropatterned substrates". Nature Cell Biology. 3 (5): 466–472. doi:10.1038/35074532. ISSN 1465-7392. PMID 11331874.
  2. "Lia Addadi". nasonline.org. Retrieved 2019-05-07.
  3. https://www.amphilsoc.org/blog/american-philosophical-society-welcomes-new-members-2020
  4. "Past Prelog-Lecturers and Their Laudations". chab.ethz.ch. Retrieved 2019-05-07.
  5. "Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Symposium". www.chem.uzh.ch. Retrieved 2019-05-07.
  6. Addadi, Lia (1979). Planning and execution of a solid State "absolute" asymmetric dimerization and polymerization with quantitative Enantiomeric yield (PDF). weizmann.ac.il (PhD thesis). OCLC 884944865.
  7. Aizenberg, Joanna; Hanson, Jonathan; Koetzle, Thomas F.; Leiserowitz, Leslie; Weiner, Stephen; Addadi, Lia (1995). "Biologically Induced Reduction in Symmetry: A Study of Crystal Texture of Calcitic Sponge Spicules". Chemistry - A European Journal. 1 (7): 414–422. doi:10.1002/chem.19950010705. ISSN 0947-6539.
  8. Ravindran, Sandeep (2018). "QnAs with Lia Addadi". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 115 (30): 7644–7645. doi:10.1073/pnas.1810225115. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 6065009. PMID 29967178.
  9. Nudelman, Fabio; Gotliv, Bat Ami; Addadi, Lia; Weiner, Steve (February 2006). "Mollusk shell formation: Mapping the distribution of organic matrix components underlying a single aragonitic tablet in nacre". Journal of Structural Biology. 153 (2): 176–187. doi:10.1016/j.jsb.2005.09.009. PMID 16413789.
  10. Weiner, S.; Addadi, L. (1985). "Interactions between acidic proteins and crystals: stereochemical requirements in biomineralization". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 82 (12): 4110–4114. Bibcode:1985PNAS...82.4110A. doi:10.1073/pnas.82.12.4110. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 397944. PMID 3858868.
  11. Addadi, Lia; Weiner, Steve; Albeck, Shira; Falini, Giuseppe (1996). "Control of Aragonite or Calcite Polymorphism by Mollusk Shell Macromolecules". Science. 271 (5245): 67–69. Bibcode:1996Sci...271...67F. doi:10.1126/science.271.5245.67. ISSN 0036-8075.
  12. Weiner, S.; Raz, S.; Addadi, L. (2003). "Taking Advantage of Disorder: Amorphous Calcium Carbonate and Its Roles in Biomineralization". Advanced Materials. 15 (12): 959–970. doi:10.1002/adma.200300381. ISSN 1521-4095.
  13. Addadi, Lia; Joester, Derk; Nudelman, Fabio; Weiner, Steve (2006). "Mollusk Shell Formation: A Source of New Concepts for Understanding Biomineralization Processes". Chemistry – A European Journal. 12 (4): 980–987. doi:10.1002/chem.200500980. ISSN 1521-3765. PMID 16315200.
  14. Geiger, Benjamin; Addadi, Lia; Bershadsky, Alexander; Safran, Sam; Mahalu, Diana; Sabanay, Ilana; Tzur, Gila; Goichberg, Polina; Riveline, Daniel (2001). "Force and focal adhesion assembly: a close relationship studied using elastic micropatterned substrates". Nature Cell Biology. 3 (5): 466–472. doi:10.1038/35074532. ISSN 1476-4679. PMID 11331874.
  15. "Prelog Medal 1998". ingentaconnect.com. Retrieved 2019-05-07.
  16. Varsano, Neta; Beghi, Fabio; Elad, Nadav; Pereiro, Eva; Dadosh, Tali; Pinkas, Iddo; Perez-Berna, Ana J.; Jin, Xueting; Kruth, Howard S. (2018). "Two polymorphic cholesterol monohydrate crystal structures form in macrophage culture models of atherosclerosis". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 115 (30): 7662–7669. doi:10.1073/pnas.1803119115. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 6065044. PMID 29967179.
  17. "Prof. Lia Addadi - Weizmann Wonder Wander - News, Features and Discoveries". weizmann.ac.il. 2006-10-31. Retrieved 2019-05-07.
  18. "(IUCr) Aminoff Prize 2011: biological minerals inspire for the future". iucr.org. Retrieved 2019-05-07.
  19. "Prof. Lia Addadi - Weizmann Wonder Wander - News, Features and Discoveries". weizmann.ac.il. 2018-11-27. Retrieved 2019-05-07.
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