Lezgins in Azerbaijan

Lezgins (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan ləzgiləri / Азəрбајҹан лəзҝилəри, Lezgian: Азербайжандин лезгияр) are the largest ethnic minority in Azerbaijan historically living in some northern regions of Azerbaijan.[1] For most Lezgins, the mother tongue is Lezgian, and minorities have Azerbaijani and Russian as the mother language.

Lezgins in Azerbaijan
Lezgins from the village of Laza (now Qusar District), 1880
Total population
180,300 (2009 census)
Languages
Lezgian, Azeri

History

The appearance of many Lezghian villages in Azerbaijan is associated with the relocation of part of the Dagestan Lezgins to the south its territory.[2]

At the beginning of the 18th century, a movement was launched among the ethnic groups of this part of the Caucasus against Persian rule in the region. During the first Russo-Persian war in 1806, the Quba Khanate became part of the Russian Empire.

Settlement
The area of Lezgin settlement in the border of Russia and Azerbaijan in 1989-2003[3].

The territory of compact settlement of Lezgin occupies Qusar District, parts of Quba District and Khachmaz District. Several Lezgi settlements are located behind the Main Caucasian Range in Qabala District, Ismailli District, Oghuz District and Shaki District. There are also mixed settlements where Lezgins live with representatives of other nations. The Lezgin population is represented in large cities such as Baku and Sumqayit. According to the 2009 census, Baku itself ranks second among the country's regions in terms of the number of Lezghins living here.[4]

Quotes

According to the Center for International Development and Conflict Management at the University of Maryland:[5]

Although many feared that Lezgin demands for the creation of an independent "Lezgistan" would result in another secessionist war in Azerbaijan, these fears have thus far proved to be unwarranted. It currently appears less likely than ever that the Lezgins will resort to any sustained collective action to address their grievances, although isolated incidents do occur. In the past eight years, they have not engaged in any serious protests and only two incidents of violence; they have also shown a willingness to negotiate and compromise on their most intractable demands. The Lezgin nationalist movements do not receive wide support among the Lezgin people who are not well-organized at the grass-roots level

According to Thomas de Waal:[6]

Although there are no discriminatory policies against them on the personal level, the Lezghins* campaign for national-cultural autonomy is vehemently rejected by the Azerbaijani authorities. Daghestani Lezghins fear that the continued existence of their ethnic kin in Azerbaijan as a distinct community is threatened by what they consider Turkic nationalistic policies of forceful assimilation. Inter-ethnic tensions between Lezghins and Azeris spilled over from Azerbaijan to Daghestan also. They started in 1992 when the Popular Front came to power in Azerbaijan, but reached a peak in mid-1994, the time of heavy losses on the Karabakh front. In May that year violent clashes occurred in Derbent (Daghestan), and in June in the Gussary region of Azerbaijan. Since then the situation has stabilised, although Azerbaijani authorities allege a link between Lezghin activists and Karabakh Armenians and a cloud of suspicion surrounds the Lezghin community in Azerbaijan.

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References
  1. МСЭ/Лезгины. C.123
  2. Агаширинова С. С. Материальная культура лезгин XIX-начало XX в.. — Наука, 1978. с. 110—111
  3. Цуциев А. А. Атлас этнополитической истории Кавказа. М.: Издательство «Европа», 2007
  4. Ethnic composition of Azerbaijan 2009
  5. "University of Maryland Center for International Development and Conflict Management. Minorities at Risk: Assessment for Lezgins in Azerbaijan, Online Report, 2004". Archived from the original on 2011-06-22. Retrieved 2007-06-21.
  6. de Waal, Thomas (2003). Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan Through Peace and War. New York: New York University Press. ISBN 0-8147-1945-7. pg 122
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