Etmopterus

Etmopterus is a genus of lantern sharks in the squaliform family Etmopteridae. They are found in deep sea ecosystems of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans.[2]

Etmopterus
Temporal range: 48–0 Ma[1] Middle Eocene to Present
Velvet belly lanternshark (Etmopterus spinax)
Green lanternshark (Etmopterus virens)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Chondrichthyes
Order: Squaliformes
Family: Etmopteridae
Genus: Etmopterus
Rafinesque, 1810
Type species
Etmopterus aculeatus
Rafinesque, 1810

Ecology

A number of species in this genus function as host to the specialized parasitic barnacle Anelasma squalicola, which embeds itself into the skin of the shark and extracts nutrients from its bloodstream.[3]

Species

There are currently 41 recognized species in this genus:

  • Etmopterus alphus Ebert, Straube, R. W. Leslie & Weigmann, 2016 (Whitecheek lanternshark)[4]
  • Etmopterus baxteri Garrick, 1957 (New Zealand lanternshark)[5]
  • Etmopterus benchleyi Vásquez, Ebert & D. J. Long, 2015 (Ninja lanternshark)[6]
  • Etmopterus bigelowi Shirai & Tachikawa, 1993 (Blurred lanternshark)
  • Etmopterus brachyurus H. M. Smith & Radcliffe, 1912 (Short-tail lanternshark)
  • Etmopterus bullisi Bigelow & Schroeder, 1957
  • Etmopterus burgessi Schaaf-Da Silva & Ebert, 2006[7]
  • Etmopterus carteri S. Springer & G. H. Burgess, 1985 (Cylindrical lanternshark)
  • Etmopterus caudistigmus Last, G. H. Burgess & Séret, 2002 (Tail-spot lanternshark)
  • Etmopterus compagnoi R. Fricke & Koch, 1990[8]
  • Etmopterus decacuspidatus W. L. Y. Chan, 1966 (Comb-tooth lanternshark)
  • Etmopterus dianthus Last, G. H. Burgess & Séret, 2002 (Pink lanternshark)
  • Etmopterus dislineatus Last, G. H. Burgess & Séret, 2002
  • Etmopterus evansi Last, G. H. Burgess & Séret, 2002 (Black-mouth lanternshark)
  • Etmopterus fusus Last, G. H. Burgess & Séret, 2002 (Pygmy lanternshark)
  • Etmopterus gracilispinis G. Krefft, 1968 (Broad-banded lanternshark)
  • Etmopterus granulosus (Günther, 1880) (Southern lanternshark)
  • Etmopterus hillianus (Poey, 1861) (Caribbean lanternshark)
  • Etmopterus joungi Knuckey, Ebert & G. H. Burgess, 2011 (Short-fin smooth lanternshark)[9]
  • Etmopterus lailae Ebert, Papastamatiou, Kajiura & Wetherbee, 2017 (Laila's lanternshark)[10]
  • Etmopterus litvinovi Parin & Kotlyar, 1990 (Small-eye lanternshark)
  • Etmopterus lucifer D. S. Jordan & Snyder, 1902 (Black-belly lanternshark)
  • Etmopterus marshae Ebert & Van Hees (Marsha's lanternshark)[11]
  • Etmopterus molleri (Whitley, 1939) (Moller's lanternshark)
  • Etmopterus perryi S. Springer & G. H. Burgess, 1985 (Dwarf lanternshark)
  • Etmopterus polli Bigelow, Schroeder & S. Springer, 1953 (African lanternshark)
  • Etmopterus princeps Collett, 1904 (Great lanternshark)
  • Etmopterus pseudosqualiolus Last, G. H. Burgess & Séret, 2002 (False lanternshark)
  • Etmopterus pusillus (R. T. Lowe, 1839) (Smooth lanternshark)
  • Etmopterus pycnolepis Kotlyar, 1990 (Dense-scale lanternshark)
  • Etmopterus robinsi Schofield & G. H. Burgess, 1997 (West Indian lanternshark)
  • Etmopterus samadiae W. T. White, Ebert, Mana & Corrigan, 2017 (Papuan lanternshark)[12]
  • Etmopterus schultzi Bigelow, Schroeder & S. Springer, 1953 (Fringe-fin lanternshark)
  • Etmopterus sculptus Ebert, Compagno & De Vries, 2011 (Sculpted lanternshark)[13]
  • Etmopterus sentosus Bass, D'Aubrey & Kistnasamy, 1976 (Thorny lanternshark)
  • Etmopterus sheikoi (Dolganov, 1986) (Rasp-tooth dogfish)[14]
  • Etmopterus spinax (Linnaeus, 1758) (Velvet-belly lanternshark)
  • Etmopterus splendidus Ka. Yano, 1988 (Splendid lanternshark)
  • Etmopterus unicolor (Engelhardt, 1912) (Bristled lanternshark)
  • Etmopterus viator Straube, 2011 (Traveller lanternshark)[15]
  • Etmopterus villosus C. H. Gilbert, 1905 (Hawaiian lanternshark)
  • Etmopterus virens Bigelow, Schroeder & S. Springer, 1953 (Green lanternshark)

Extinct species

There are at least two extinct species found in Etmopterus.[16]

  • †Etmopterus acutidens Casier 1966
  • †Etmopterus cahuzaci Adnet 2006
gollark: What causes population goodness/badness then?
gollark: Well, the water-walking thing presumably has to either magically make him hover above the surface or effectively provide more contact area with the water, right?
gollark: Would that work? How is Jesus's water-walking thing implemented?
gollark: You can check whether the results of it are good by some other metric, but that just pushes the problem up a level.
gollark: Regarding objective morality: I don't understand how it's meant to work. Generally we consider things "true" if they're well-established by experiment and observation. I do not see how you can empirically test whether something is what you "should" do.

See also
  • List of prehistoric cartilaginous fish

References
  1. Adnet S., Cappetta H. (2001). "A palaeontological and phylogenetical analysis of squaliform sharks (Chondrichthyes: Squaliformes) based on dental characters". Lethaia. 34 (3): 234–248. doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.2001.tb00052.x.
  2. Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2017). Species of Etmopterus in FishBase. June 2017 version.
  3. Yano K., Musick J.A. (2000). "The effect of the mesoparasitic barnacle Anelasma on the development of reproductive organs of deep-sea squaloid sharks, Centroscyllium and Etmopterus". Environmental Biology of Fishes. 59 (3): 329–339. doi:10.1023/A:1007649227422.
  4. Ebert D.A., Straube N., Leslie R.W., Weigmann S. (2016). "Etmopterus alphus n. sp.: a new lanternshark (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae) from the south-western Indian Ocean". African Journal of Marine Science. 38 (3): 329–340. doi:10.2989/1814232X.2016.1198275.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. N. Bailly (2008). Bailly N (ed.). "Etmopterus baxteri Garrick, 1957". FishBase. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved October 11, 2017.
  6. Vásquez V.E., Ebert D.A., Long D.J. (2015). "Etmopterus benchleyi n. sp., a new lanternshark (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae) from the central eastern Pacific Ocean" (PDF). Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation. 17: 43–55.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. Schaaf-Da Silva, J.A. & Ebert, D.A. (2006). "Etmopterus burgessi sp. nov., a new species of lanternshark (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae) from Taiwan". Zootaxa. 1373: 53–64. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1373.1.3.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  8. Straube, N., Leslie, R.W., Clerkin, P.J., Ebert, D.A., Rochel, E., Corrigan, S., Li, C. & Naylor, G.J.P. (2015): On the occurrence of the Southern Lanternshark, Etmopterus granulosus, off South Africa, with comments on the validity of E. compagnoi. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 115: 11-17.
  9. Knuckey, J.D.S., Ebert, D.A. & Burgess, G.H. (2011): Etmopterus joungi n. sp., a new species of lanternshark (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae) from Taiwan. aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology, 17 (2): 61-72.
  10. Ebert D.A., Papastamatiou Y.P., Kajiura S.M., Wetherbee B.M. (2017). "Etmopterus lailae sp. nov., a new lanternshark (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae) from the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands" (PDF). Zootaxa. 4237 (2): 371–382. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4237.2.10.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  11. Ebert, David A.; Van Hees, Kelley E. (2018). "Etmopterus marshae sp. nov, a new lanternshark (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae) from the Philippine Islands, with a revised key to the Etmopterus lucifer clade". Zootaxa. 4508 (2): 197–210. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4508.2.3. PMID 30485973.
  12. White W.T., Ebert D.A., Mana R.R., Corrigan S. (2017). "Etmopterus samadiae n. sp., a new lanternshark (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae) from Papua New Guinea". Zootaxa. 4244 (3): 339–354. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4244.3.3. PMID 28610109.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  13. Ebert D.A., Compagno L.J.V., De Vries M.J. (2011). "A New Lanternshark (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae: Etmopterus) from Southern Africa". Copeia. 2011 (3): 379–384. doi:10.1643/CI-09-183.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  14. Straube N., White W.T., Ho H.-C., Rochel E., Corrigan S., Li C., Naylor G.J.P. (2013). "A DNA sequence-based identification checklist for Taiwanese chondrichthyans" (PDF). Zootaxa. 3752 (1): 256–278. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3752.1.16.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  15. Straube, N., Duhamel, G., Gasco, N., Kriwet, J. & Schliewen, U.K. (2011). "Description of a new deep-sea Lantern Shark Etmopterus viator sp. nov. (Squaliformes: Etmopteridae) from the Southern Hemisphere. In: Duhamel, G. & Welsford, D. (Eds.), The Kerguelen Plateau: Marine Ecosystem and Fisheries.". Société Française d'Ichtyologie: 137–150.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  16. "List of species/Extinct - complete". shark-references.com. Retrieved September 25, 2017.
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