Lanreotide

Lanreotide (INN) is a medication used in the management of acromegaly and symptoms caused by neuroendocrine tumors, most notably carcinoid syndrome. It is a long-acting analogue of somatostatin, like octreotide. Its sequence is H-D-2Nal-Cys(1)-Tyr-D-Trp-Lys-Val-Cys(1)-Thr-NH2.

Lanreotide
Clinical data
Trade namesSomatuline
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
License data
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: C
  • US: C (Risk not ruled out)
    Routes of
    administration    		Intramuscular, subcutaneous
    ATC code
    Legal status
    Legal status
    Pharmacokinetic data
    BioavailabilityApproximately 80%
    Protein binding78%
    MetabolismIn GI tract
    Elimination half-life2 hours (immediate release)
    5 days (sustained release)
    ExcretionMostly biliary
    Identifiers
    CAS Number
    PubChem CID
    IUPHAR/BPS
    ChemSpider
    UNII
    ChEMBL
    CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
    ECHA InfoCard100.215.992
    Chemical and physical data
    FormulaC54H69N11O10S2
    Molar mass1096.33 g/mol
    1156.380 g/mol (acetate) g·mol−1
    3D model (JSmol)
     NY (what is this?)  (verify)

    Lanreotide (as lanreotide acetate) is manufactured by Ipsen, and marketed under the trade name Somatuline. It is available in several countries, including the United Kingdom, Australia and Canada, and was approved for sale in the United States by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on August 30, 2007.[1]

    Pharmacology

    Lanreotide is a synthetic analogue of somatostatin, a naturally occurring inhibitory hormone which blocks the release of several other hormones, including growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), insulin and glucagon. Lanreotide binds to the same receptors as somatostatin, although with higher affinity to peripheral receptors, and has similar activity. However, while somatostatin is quickly broken down in the body (within minutes),[2] lanreotide has a much longer half-life, and produces far more prolonged effects.

    The efficacy of lanreotide has not been extensively studied, and results differ greatly between trials and formulations.

    Indications

    Lanreotide is used in the treatment of acromegaly, due to both pituitary and non-pituitary growth hormone-secreting tumors, and the management of symptoms caused by neuroendocrine tumors, particularly carcinoid tumors and VIPomas. In the United States and Canada, lanreotide is only indicated for the treatment of acromegaly. In the United Kingdom, it is also indicated in the treatment of thyrotrophic adenoma,[3] a rare tumor of the pituitary gland which secretes TSH.

    Lanreotide also shows activity against non-endocrine tumors, and, along with other somatostatin analogues, is being studied as a possible general antitumor agent.[4][5]

    In Dec 2014 the US FDA approved lanreotide for the treatment of patients with unresectable, well or moderately differentiated, locally advanced or metastatic gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NETs).[6]

    It is used for polycystic liver disease. It has also been shown that it reduces the volume by 264mls on average.

    Side effects

    The main side effects of lanreotide treatment are mild to moderate pain at the injection site and gastrointestinal disturbances, such as diarrhea, nausea and vomiting. Isolated cases of gallstone formation have been associated with use of lanreotide, particularly over long periods of time.[3]

    Formulations

    Lanreotide is available in two formulations: a sustained release formulation (sold under the trade name 'Somatuline LA'), which is injected intramuscularly every ten or fourteen days,[3] and an extended release formulation (UK trade name 'Somatuline Autogel', or 'Somatuline Depot' in the U.S.), which is administered subcutaneously once a month.[7]

    Self-assembling properties

    Lanreotide has been shown to spontaneously self-assemble into monodisperse nanotubes of 24.4 nm diameter[8] and has been thereafter used as a fruitful and versatile model system in several biophysical studies.

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    gollark: What? No. 10% of people not fitting or whatever it is doesn't make there not be a large amount more who do.
    gollark: Thus, go learn about all of history and check.
    gollark: I don't actually know whatsoever, having not checked.
    gollark: Does this fit with history? I'm sure you could look at societies with differing levels of external pressures/fighting and check.

    References
    1. "FDA Approves New Drug to Treat Rare Disease, Acromegaly" (Press release). U.S. Food and Drug Administration. August 30, 2007. Retrieved 2007-09-06.
    2. Rens-Domiano S, Reisine T (1992). "Biochemical and functional properties of somatostatin receptors". J Neurochem. 58 (6): 1987–96. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb10938.x. PMID 1315373.
    3. "Somatuline LA". electronic Medicines Compendium. September 17, 2003. Archived from the original on September 24, 2006. Retrieved 2007-03-02.
    4. Kvols L, Woltering E (2006). "Role of somatostatin analogs in the clinical management of non-neuroendocrine solid tumors". Anticancer Drugs. 17 (6): 601–8. doi:10.1097/01.cad.0000210335.95828.ed. PMID 16917205.
    5. Susini C, Buscail L (2006). "Rationale for the use of somatostatin analogs as antitumor agents". Ann Oncol. 17 (12): 1733–42. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdl105. PMID 16801334.
    6. "FDA Approves Lanreotide Injection for GEP-NETs". 2014.
    7. "Somatuline Autogel". electronic Medicines Compendium. April 12, 2007. Archived from the original on September 28, 2007. Retrieved 2007-04-19.
    8. Valéry C, Paternostre M, Robert B, Gulik-Krzywicki T, Narayanan T, Dedieu JC, Keller G, Torres ML, Cherif-Cheikh R, Calvo P, Artzner F (2003). "Biomimetic organization: Octapeptide self-assembly into nanotubes of viral capsid-like dimension". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 100 (18): 10258–62. Bibcode:2003PNAS..10010258V. doi:10.1073/pnas.1730609100. PMC 193548. PMID 12930900.


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