Kinnaird Head Lighthouse

The Kinnaird Head Lighthouse is an active lighthouse located on Kinnaird Head, in Fraserburgh, Scotland. The current light is the second to be built on the headland, superseding the original which now forms part of the Museum of Scottish Lighthouses.

Kinnaird Head Lighthouse
Kinnaird Head current lighthouse (left) and the historical (right)
Aberdeenshire
LocationKinnaird Head
Fraserburgh
Scotland
NJ999676
Coordinates57°41′51.8″N 2°0′14.2″W
Year first constructed1787 (first)
1824 (second)
Year first lit1991 (current)
Automated1991
Deactivated1991 (second)
Constructionstone tower (second)
fiber glass (current)
Tower shapecylindrical tower with balcony and lantern rising from a castle (second)
cylindrical tower with balcony and lantern (current)
Markings / patternwhite tower, black lantern, ochre trim (second)
white tower and lantern (current)
Tower height22 metres (72 ft) (second)
10 metres (33 ft) (current)
Focal height25 metres (82 ft) (current)
Intensity690,000 candela
Range22 nautical miles (41 km; 25 mi)
CharacteristicF. W 5s.
Fog signalsiren: discontinued
Admiralty numberA3332
NGA number2808
ARLHS numberSCO-113 (second)
SCO-112 (current)
Managing agentMuseum of Scottish Lighthouses[1] [2]

History

The original light at Kinnaird Head Lighthouse was established by Thomas Smith on 1 December 1787.[3] A lantern was set 120 feet (37 m) above the sea on a tower of the old castle. Whale oil lamps produced a fixed light, each backed by a parabolic reflector. Kinnaird Head was the most powerful light of its time, and contained 17 reflectors arranged in 3 horizontal tiers. It was reported to be visible from 12 to 14 miles (10 to 12 nmi; 19 to 23 km).

In 1824, internal alternations were made to construct a new lighthouse tower through the original castle tower. This tower supported a new lantern and reflector array by Robert Stevenson (civil engineer).

In 1851 Robert's son, Alan Stevenson, installed a first order dioptric lens at Kinnaird Head. The lens was standing and gave a fixed character. The site was further improved in 1853 with the site's first purpose built accommodation blocks designed by brothers David and Thomas Stevenson.

David Alan Stevenson further upgraded the site in 1902 by installing a flashing lens apparatus. The hyperradiant fresnel lens gave one flash every fifteen seconds and was visible for 25–27 miles. The lens was designed by David and his brother Charles Alexander Stevenson, and was made by the Chance Brothers. Only nine Scottish lights were given hyperradials, Hyskeir and Kinnaird Head being the only stations to retain their hyperradials today. A foghorn was also built and was operational from 1903 giving a 7-second blast every 90 seconds.

In 1906 the light was converted to incandescent operation. In 1929 Kinnaird Head became home to the first radio beacon in Scotland.[3] The Fog Signal was discontinued in 1987, although the horn is still in place. The original lighthouse is no longer operational and is now home to The Museum of Scottish Lighthouses. A new automatic light was established beside the original light in 1991.

In 2012 the old Kinnaird Head Lighthouse was lit for two anniversary celebrations. First, on 2 June 2012 the light was exhibited in celebration of the Queen's Diamond Jubilee. This coincided with the lighting of the NLB's Queen's Diamond Jubilee Beacon at Kinnaird Head Lighthouse. Secondly, the light was exhibited on 1 December 2012 in celebration of Kinnaird Head's 225th anniversary. The light was lit at 3.31pm, and extinguished at 8.30am the next morning, marking a full 17-hour shift. On that occasion Kinnaird Head was the only manned lighthouse in the British Isles, albeit outwith NLB service. Both events were organised by the Museum of Scottish Lighthouses.

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See also

References
  1. Kinnaird Head The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved 11 May 2016
  2. Kinnaird Head Northern Lighthouse Board. Retrieved 11 May 2016
  3. "Kinnaird Head". Northern Lighthouse Board. Retrieved 17 January 2011.
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