John Ward, 1st Earl of Dudley

John William Ward, 1st Earl of Dudley, PC, FRS (9 August 1781 – 6 March 1833), known as the Honourable John Ward from 1788 to 1823 and as the 4th Viscount Dudley and Ward from 1823 to 1827, was a British politician. He served as Foreign Secretary from 1827 to 1828.

The Right Honourable The Earl of Dudley PC FRS
Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
In office 30 April 1827 (1827-04-30) – 2 June 1828 (1828-06-02)
Monarch	George IV
Prime Minister	George Canning The Viscount Goderich The Duke of Wellington
Preceded by	George Canning
Succeeded by	The Earl of Aberdeen
Personal details
Born	(1781-08-09)9 August 1781
Died	6 March 1833(1833-03-06) (aged 51)
Nationality	British
Political party	Tory
Alma mater	Oriel College, Oxford Corpus Christi College, Oxford

Background and education

Dudley was the son of William Ward, 3rd Viscount Dudley and Ward, and his wife Julia Bosville, and was educated at Oxford University (starting at Oriel College in 1798 and transferring to Corpus Christi College, Oxford as a Gentleman Commoner in 1800).

Political career

Dudley entered the House of Commons in 1802 as one of two representatives for Downton. He held this seat until 1803 and later represented Worcestershire from 1803 to 1806, Petersfield from 1806 to 1807, Wareham from 1807 to 1812, Ilchester from 1812 to 1819 and Bossiney from 1819 to 1823. The latter year he succeeded his father in the peerage and took his seat in the House of Lords.

In 1827 Ward was appointed Foreign Secretary under George Canning, a post he held also under Lord Goderich and the Duke of Wellington, resigning office in May 1828. In 1827 he was admitted to the Privy Council and created Viscount Ednam, of Ednam in the County of Roxburgh, and Earl of Dudley, of Dudley Castle in the County of Stafford. As foreign minister Ward was only a cipher; but he was a man of considerable learning and had some reputation as a writer and a talker. Dudley took an interest in the foundation of the University of London, and his Letters to Edward Copleston, the Bishop of Llandaff, were published by the bishop in 1840.

According to the Legacies of British Slave-Ownership at the University College London, Dudley's estate was awarded a payment as a slave trader in the aftermath of the Slavery Abolition Act 1833 with the Slave Compensation Act 1837. The British Government took out a £15 million loan (worth £1.43 billion in 2020[1]) with interest from Nathan Mayer Rothschild and Moses Montefiore which was subsequently paid off by the British taxpayers (ending in 2015). Dudley was associated with three different cases, he owned 665 slaves in Jamaica and his estate was awarded a £12,728 payment at the time (worth £1.22 million in 2020[1]).[2] Dudley had died by the time the funds came through, so his estate was distributed among; his cousin William Humble Ward, 10th Baron Ward, Henry Phillpotts, Bishop of Exeter, Edward Littleton, 1st Baron Hatherton, Edward John Littleton, Francis Downing and John Benbow.

Personal life

Dudley died unmarried on 6 March 1833, aged 51. His two viscountcies and his earldom became extinct on his death while he was succeeded in his junior title of Baron Ward by his second cousin Reverend William Humble Ward.

Industries of the estate

As Lord of Dudley, John Ward inherited mineral bearing lands in the Black Country region of England which included coal and limestone mines and furnaces. An agreement to construct a rail line was signed in 1827 by James Foster, a local ironmaster, and Francis Downing, the mineral agent of John William Ward.[3] The line connected some of the coal pits owned by the Dudley estate to the Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal. The line opened in June 1829 and was operated by the early steam locomotive Agenoria. This line was later connected to a network of private railways owned by John Ward's successors, which became known as the Earl of Dudley’s Railway.[4]

John William Ward inherited estates in Jamaica from his grandmother Mary, Viscountess Dudley and Ward, which included enslaved people. After emancipation of the slaves in 1833, the Dudley estate received compensation for the freed slaves (the Earl having died by this time).[5]

References

1. UK Retail Price Index inflation figures are based on data from Clark, Gregory (2017). "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved 2 February 2020.
2. "John William Ward, Earl of Dudley". University College London. Retrieved on 20 March 2019.
3. Fort, David (1989). Paul Collins (ed.). Stourbridge and its Historic Locomotives. Dudley, UK: Dudley Leisure Services. ISBN 978-0-900911-25-5.
4. Williams, Ned (2014). The Earl of Dudley's Railway. History Press. ISBN 978-0-7524-9308-4.
5. "'John William Ward, Earl of Dudley', Legacies of British Slave-ownership database". www.ucl.ac.uk. Retrieved 17 November 2018.

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Dudley, Barons and Earls of". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.

External links

• Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by the Earl of Dudley

Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by Hon. Edward Bouverie Viscount Folkestone	Member of Parliament for Downton 1802–1803 With: Hon. Edward Bouverie 1802–1803 Sir John Blaquiere 1803	Succeeded by Sir John Blaquiere Viscount Marsham
Preceded by Edward Foley William Lygon	Member of Parliament for Worcestershire 1803–1806 With: William Lygon (I) 1803–1806 William Lygon (II)) 1806	Succeeded by William Lygon William Lyttelton
Preceded by Hylton Jolliffe William Best	Member of Parliament for Petersfield 1806–1807 With: Hylton Jolliffe	Succeeded by Hylton Jolliffe Booth Grey
Preceded by Andrew Strahan Jonathan Raine	Member of Parliament for Wareham 1807–1812 With: Sir Granby Thomas Calcraft 1807–1808 Sir Samuel Romilly 1808–1812	Succeeded by Robert Gordon Theodore Henry Broadhead
Preceded by Richard Brinsley Sheridan Michael Angelo Taylor	Member of Parliament for Ilchester 1812–1818 With: George Philips	Succeeded by Sir Isaac Coffin John Merest
Preceded by James Stuart Wortley Sir Compton Domvile	Member of Parliament for Bossiney 1819–1823 With: Sir Compton Domvile	Succeeded by Sir Compton Domvile John Stuart-Wortley-Mackenzie
Political offices
Preceded by George Canning	Foreign Secretary 1827–1828	Succeeded by The Earl of Aberdeen
Peerage of the United Kingdom
New creation	Earl of Dudley 1827–1833	Extinct
Peerage of Great Britain
Preceded by William Ward	Viscount Dudley and Ward 1823–1833	Succeeded by Extinct
Peerage of England
Preceded by William Ward	Baron Ward 1823–1833	Succeeded by William Humble Ward