John Ashby (Royal Navy officer)

Sir John Ashby
Sir John Ashby
Born	1646; Italy
Died	12 June 1693 (aged 46–47); Portsmouth
Buried	Lowestoft
Allegiance	Kingdom of England
Service/branch	Royal Navy
Years of service	- 1693
Rank	Admiral
Commands held	HMS Advice; HMS Rainbow; HMS Pearl; HMS Lion; HMS Rose; HMS Dunkirk; HMS Constant Warwick; HMS Mary Rose; HMS Montague; HMS Henrietta; HMS Mordaunt; HMS Defiance
Battles/wars	Third Anglo-Dutch War Battle of Schooneveld; Battle of Texel; ; The Glorious Revolution; War of the English Succession Battle of Beachy Head; Action at Barfleur; Battle of La Hogue; ;

Sir John Ashby (1646 – 12 June 1693) was an officer of the Royal Navy, who rose to the rank of Admiral. Ashby was the fourth son of Robert Ashby and his wife Alice, who was a sister of Sir Thomas Allin. He grew up in Suffolk where his father was involved in business.[1]

Early career

After Ashby entered the navy he was promoted quickly to lieutenant of HMS Adventure from November 1665 to June 1666. He was subsequently a lieutenant aboard HMS Princess in 1668[2] before being promoted to first comment on the ketch HMS Deptford in October that year.[3]

Later career

In June 1669 he was given command of HMS Advice, followed by HMS Rainbow between 1670-1672. Ashby then was given command of HMS Pearl in January 1672 and remained there for only a year.[3] Once aboard Pearl he fought his first battle at Schooneveld. His second battle was also at Schooneveld, but this time in HMS Lion, serving in Prince Rupert's division of the Red Squadron.[3] His third battle was the Battle of Texel on 11 August 1673, where he fought again in HMS Lion.[3]

From 1674 to 1679 he commanded four more ships in American waters,[4] and played a part in numerous battles concerning the Virginian Revolution. From 1681 to 1684 he commanded HMS Mary Rose escorting the Levant trade.[3] In May 1685 Ashby became the governor of Sandgate Castle.[3]

Sir John also commanded HMS Montague as she was mobilized to counter the rebellion of the Duke of Monmouth followed by the guardship HMS Henrietta, and then HMS Mordaunt, the latter in response to the threatened invasion by William of Orange.[3] Ashby was eventually convinced to command HMS Defiance for William of Orange, as he was persuaded of the need to fight the 'popish oppression' of the current king, James II. After William III was crowned, he knighted Ashby on-board his flagship on 16 May 1689 and made him rear admiral of the Red Squadron soon after. He also presented Ashby with a diamond watch.[1]

Admiralty

In the battle of Beachy Head Ashby served as vice-admiral of the red, flying his flag on HMS Berwick.[5] His conduct was praised by Queen Mary. After the battle he was named joint admiral of the fleet with Sir Richard Haddock and Sir Henry Killigrew.[6]

At the battles of Battle of Barfleur and La Hogue he commanded HMS Victory as Admiral of the Blue.[3] He was called before the House of Commons of England after Barfleur to give an account of why he had not done more to annihilate the French fleet. He was pardoned after he gained the support of Admiral Edward Russell.[5]

From 1690 until his death three years later Ashby served on the Navy Board as Controller of Storekeepers Accounts.[3] Ashby died on 12 June 1693 in Portsmouth and was buried at Lowestoft. In his will he left most of his possessions to his brother, and the rest to cousins and naval colleagues.[3]

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References

Harding, Edward (1805). Naval biography; or, The history and lives of distinguished characters in the British Navy: from the earliest period of history to the present time, Volume 2. Printed for John Scott. pp. 36–37.
Campbell, John; John Joseph Stockdale (1818). The naval history of Great Britain:commencing with the earliest period of history, and continued to the expedition against Algiers, under the command of Lord Exmouth, in 1816. Including the history and lives of British admirals, Volume 3. Baldwyn & Co. pp. 148–149.
Davies, JD (2004). "Ashby, Sir John (bap. 1646, d. 1693), naval officer". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. The first edition of this text is available at Wikisource: "Ashby, John" . Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
Tanner, JR. "The Administration of the Navy from the Restoration to the Revolution. Part III.-1679-1688 (Continued)". The English Historical Review. Oxford University Press. 14 (54): 261–289. JSTOR 547657.
Stewart, William (2009). Admirals of the world: a biographical dictionary, 1500 to the present. McFarland. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-7864-3809-9.
Charnock, John (1794). Biographia navalis; or, Impartial memoirs of the lives ... of officers of the navy of Great Britain from ... 1660. pp. 308–309. John Ashby navy.

External links

Maritime Memorials: Sir John Ashby

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[book-1] Harding, Edward (1805). Naval biography; or, The history and lives of distinguished characters in the British Navy: from the earliest period of history to the present time, Volume 2. Printed for John Scott. pp. 36–37.

[2] Campbell, John; John Joseph Stockdale (1818). The naval history of Great Britain:commencing with the earliest period of history, and continued to the expedition against Algiers, under the command of Lord Exmouth, in 1816. Including the history and lives of British admirals, Volume 3. Baldwyn & Co. pp. 148–149.

[ONDB-3] Davies, JD (2004). "Ashby, Sir John (bap. 1646, d. 1693), naval officer". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. The first edition of this text is available at Wikisource: "Ashby, John" . Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.

[4] Tanner, JR. "The Administration of the Navy from the Restoration to the Revolution. Part III.-1679-1688 (Continued)". The English Historical Review. Oxford University Press. 14 (54): 261–289. JSTOR 547657.

[book2-5] Stewart, William (2009). Admirals of the world: a biographical dictionary, 1500 to the present. McFarland. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-7864-3809-9.

[6] Charnock, John (1794). Biographia navalis; or, Impartial memoirs of the lives ... of officers of the navy of Great Britain from ... 1660. pp. 308–309. John Ashby navy.