Joannicius III of Constantinople

Joannicius III
Joannicius III
	Archbishop of Constantinople and Ecumenical Patriarch
Church	Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople
Installed	26 March 1761
Term ended	21 May 1763
Predecessor	Seraphim II
Successor	Samuel
Personal details
Birth name	Ioannis Karatzas
Born	c. 1700
Died	1793; Monastery of Halki
Previous post	Archbishop of Peć and Serbian Patriarch 1739–1746; Metropolitan of Chalcedon 1747–1761

Joannicius III (Greek: Ιωαννίκιος Γ΄, Serbian: Јоаникије III), (c. 1700 – 1793) was Archbishop of Peć and Serbian Patriarch from 1739 to 1746[1] and Archbishop of Constantinople and Ecumenical Patriarch from 1761 to 1763. The ordinal number of his title is III both for his office as Serbian Patriarch and of Constantinople.[2]

Life

Ioannis Karatzas was born in circa 1700 and belonged to the influential Phanariote family Caradja (Karatzas), of Byzantine Greek origin.[3] He became a deacon serving Patriarch Paisius II and later he was appointed protosyncellus.[2]

With the 1739 Treaty of Belgrade which ended the Austro–Turkish War (1737–39), the Kingdom of Serbia ceased to exist. The Ottoman sultan deposed Serbian Patriarch Arsenije IV who sided with the Habsburg Monarchy during the war, and in his place appointed the Greek Joannicius, who took the title of Archbishop of Peć and Serbian Patriarch. Among the Serbs he was known as Joanikije (Јоаникије), and it was recorded at the time that he was appointed by 'the mighty [rule of the] Turk, and not by election at the [Serbian] sabor (assembly)'.[4] The previous patriarch Arsenije IV moved to the Habsburg Monarchy along with many Serbs, in what is known as the Second Great Serb Migration.[5] Arsenije IV became Metropolitan of Karlovci, maintaining however deep connections with the Serbs who remained in the Ottoman Empire under the jurisdiction of Joannicius. Joannicius remained Serbian Patriarch until 1746, when, burdened with debts due to his high-living, he was forced to sell the title to pay his creditors.[2]

After returning to Constantinople, in September 1747 he obtained an appointment as Metropolitan of Chalcedon. On 26 March 1761 he was elected Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, an office he maintained until 21 May 1763, when he was deposed and exiled to Mount Athos.[6]

Thanks to the support of his family, Joannicius returned from exile and obtained the revenue from the monastery of the island of Halki near Constantinople, where he died in 1793.[2]

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References

Вуковић 1996, p. 233-234.
DHGE.
Genealogical Tree of the Caradja Family
Мирковић 1965, p. 94.
Вуковић 1996, p. 33-34.
Kiminas 2009, p. 41.

Sources

R. Aubert (2000). "Joannikios III". Dictionnaire d'histoire et de géographie ecclésiastiques. 27. Paris: Letouzey et Ané. 1379-80. ISBN 2-7063-0210-0.
Fotić, Aleksandar (2008). "Serbian Orthodox Church". Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. New York: Infobase Publishing. pp. 519–520.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Kašić, Dušan, ed. (1965). Serbian Orthodox Church: Its past and present. 1. Belgrade: Serbian Orthodox Church.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Kiminas, Demetrius (2009). The Ecumenical Patriarchate: A History of Its Metropolitanates with Annotated Hierarch Catalogs. Wildside Press LLC.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Мирковић, Мирко (1965). Правни положај и карактер Српске цркве под турском влашћу (1459-1766). Београд: Завод за издавање уцбеника.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Pavlovich, Paul (1989). The History of the Serbian Orthodox Church. Serbian Heritage Books.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Слијепчевић, Ђоко М. (1962). Историја Српске православне цркве (History of the Serbian Orthodox Church). књ. 1. Минхен: Искра.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Вуковић, Сава (1996). Српски јерарси од деветог до двадесетог века (Serbian Hierarchs from the 9th to the 20th Century). Београд: Евро.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

External links

Official site of the Serbian Orthodox Church: Serbian Archbishops and Patriarchs

Eastern Orthodox Church titles
Preceded by Seraphim II	Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople 1761–1763	Succeeded by Samuel
Preceded by Gabriel V	Metropolitan of Chalcedon 1747-1761	Succeeded by Joannicius II
Preceded by Arsenije IV	Serbian Patriarch 1739–1746	Succeeded by Atanasije II

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[FOOTNOTEВуковић1996233-234-1] Вуковић 1996, p. 233-234.

[FOOTNOTEDHGE-2] DHGE.

[3] Genealogical Tree of the Caradja Family

[FOOTNOTEМирковић196594-4] Мирковић 1965, p. 94.

[FOOTNOTEВуковић199633-34-5] Вуковић 1996, p. 33-34.

[FOOTNOTEKiminas200941-6] Kiminas 2009, p. 41.

Bishops of Byzantium and Patriarchs of Constantinople
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Archbishops of Constantinople Roman period (330–451 AD)	Alexander Paul I Eusebius Macedonius I Eudoxius Evagrius Demophilus Maximus I Gregory I Nectarius John I Chrysostom Arsacius Atticus Sisinnius I Nestorius Maximianus Proclus Flavian Anatolius
Patriarchs of Constantinople Byzantine period (451–1453 AD)	Anatolius Gennadius I Acacius Fravitta Euphemius Macedonius II Timothy I John II Epiphanius Anthimus I Menas Eutychius John III John IV Cyriacus II Thomas I Sergius I Pyrrhus Paul II Peter Thomas II John V Constantine I Theodore I George I Paul III Callinicus I Cyrus John VI Germanus I Anastasius Constantine II Nicetas I Paul IV Tarasius Nicephorus I Theodotus I Antony I John VII Methodius I Ignatios Photios I Stephen I Antony II Nicholas I Εuthymius I Stephen II Tryphon Theophylact Polyeuctus Βasil I Αntony III Nicholas II Sisinnius II Sergius II Eustathius Alexius Michael I Constantine III John VIII Cosmas I Eustratius Nicholas III John IX Leo Michael II Cosmas II Nicholas IV Theodotus II Neophytus I Constantine IV Luke Michael III Chariton Theodosius I Basil II Nicetas II Leontius Dositheus George II John X Michael IV^† Theodore II^† Maximus II^† Μanuel I^† Germanus II^† Methodius II^† Manuel II^† Arsenius^† Nicephorus II^† Germanus III Joseph I John XI Gregory II Athanasius I John XII Nephon I John XIII Gerasimus I Isaias John XIV Isidore I Callistus I Philotheus Macarius Nilus Antony IV Callistus II Matthew I Euthymius II Joseph II Metrophanes II Gregory III Athanasius II
Patriarchs of Constantinople Ottoman period (1453–1923 AD)	Gennadius II Isidore II Joasaph I Sophronius I Mark II Symeon I Dionysius I Raphael I Maximus III Nephon II Maximus IV Joachim I Pachomius I Theoleptus I Jeremias I Joannicius I Dionysius II Joasaph II Metrophanes III Jeremias II Pachomius II Theoleptus II Matthew II Gabriel I Theophanes I Meletius I Neophytus II Raphael II Cyril I Timothy II Gregory IV Anthimus II Cyril II Athanasius III Neophytus III Parthenius I Parthenius II Joannicius II Cyril III Paisius I Parthenius III Gabriel II Parthenius IV Dionysius III Clement Methodius III Dionysius IV Gerasimus II Athanasius IV James Callinicus II Neophytus IV Gabriel III Neophytus V Cyprianus Athanasius V Cyril IV Cosmas III Jeremias III (Callinicus III) Paisius II Seraphim I Neophytus VI Cyril V Callinicus IV (III) Seraphim II Joannicius III Samuel Meletius II Theodosius II Sophronius II Gabriel IV Procopius Neophytus VII Gerasimus III Gregory V Callinicus V (IV) Jeremias IV Cyril VI Eugenius II Anthimus III Chrysanthus Agathangelus Constantius I Constantius II Gregory VI Anthimus IV Anthimus V Germanus IV Meletius III Anthimus VI Cyril VII Joachim II Sophronius III Joachim III Joachim IV Dionysius V Neophytus VIII Anthimus VII Constantine V Germanus V Meletius IV
Patriarchs of Constantinople Turkish period (since 1923 AD)	Gregory VII Constantine VI Basil III Photius II Benjamin Maximus V Athenagoras Demetrius Bartholomew
^† in exile at Nicaea Christianity portal