James O'Grady

Sir James O'Grady, KCMG (6 May 1866 – 10 December 1934) was a trade unionist and Labour Party politician in the United Kingdom. He was the first colonial governor appointed by the Labour Party from within its own ranks.

For the American politician, see James M. E. O'Grady. For the American police officer, see James E. O'Grady.

Sir James O'Grady KCMG
14th Governor of Tasmania
In office 23 December 1924 – 23 December 1930
Preceded by	Sir William Allardyce
Succeeded by	Sir Ernest Clark
17th Governor of the Falkland Islands
In office 1931–1934
Monarch	King George V
Preceded by	Sir Arnold Hodson
Succeeded by	Sir Herbert Henniker-Heaton
Member of Parliament for Leeds South East
In office 14 December 1918 – 29 October 1924
Preceded by	Constituency Created
Succeeded by	Henry Slesser
Member of Parliament for Leeds East
In office 8 February 1906 – 14 December 1918
Preceded by	Henry Struther Cautley
Succeeded by	Constituency Abolished
Personal details
Born	(1866-05-06)6 May 1866 Bristol, England
Died	10 December 1934(1934-12-10) (aged 68) London, England
Nationality	British
Political party	Labour

Early life

O'Grady was born in Bristol to Irish parents. His father was a labourer, and after leaving school at ten, O'Grady did various lowly jobs, before training as a cabinet-maker, and became active in the Amalgamated Union of Cabinetmakers.

Political career

O'Grady (second from right) in 1906, with other leading figures in the party

A member of the Independent Labour Party and supported by the Labour Representation Committee, he was elected at the 1906 general election as Member of Parliament (MP) for Leeds East. He had benefited from the Gladstone–MacDonald pact negotiated between Herbert Gladstone and Ramsay MacDonald, and faced only a Unionist opponent, whom he defeated by a wide margin.

O'Grady was re-elected at the elections in January 1910 and December 1910 elections, and when the Leeds East constituency was abolished for the 1918 general election, he was returned unopposed for the new Leeds South East constituency. He held that seat until he stepped down from Parliament at the 1924 general election.

In the House of Commons, he spoke frequently, particularly on foreign affairs, and was noted as a strong supporter of the First World War, speaking at recruitment rallies. He was also Labour's only Roman Catholic MP.

Through his role in the Amalgamated Union of Cabinet Makers, he had been President of the Trades Union Congress in 1898, and he continued his union activities whilst an MP. After a variety of posts in unions related to the furniture trades,[1] he became general secretary of the National Federation of General Workers in 1918.

Governorships

In 1924, Ramsay MacDonald's First Labour Government offered O'Grady the post of British Ambassador to the Soviet Union, and he accepted.[2] He was a logical choice because he had successfully negotiated an exchange of prisoners in 1919 and had been involved in international trade union-led efforts to relieve the Russian famine in 1921, but O'Grady did not in the end get the job, because the government postponed exchanging ambassadors.[2]

Instead O'Grady became Governor of Tasmania from 1924 to 1930. The first Labour politician to be appointed as a colonial governor by a Labour government, his appointment was resisted by the Australian Labor Party, which wanted the job to go to an Australian.

O'Grady was knighted as a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George and moved to Tasmania, taking office on 23 December.[3] His governorship was marked by conflicts with the Legislative Council (which urged to do more to promote economic development), and his governors reports were outspoken, but he appears to have parted on good terms.

O'Grady's next appointment was in 1931, as Governor of the Falkland Islands, but he retired in 1934 due to ill-health. He died later that year, aged 68.

Trivia

In 1910, O'Grady and three other MPs, along with Professor Stanley Poole, formally nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize the Polish physician L. L. Zamenhof, inventor of Esperanto.[4]

Notes

1. There were many mergers of unions in that period, and craft- and area-based unions merged to form national, industry-based unions, and the union names listed in the available sources do not entirely correspond to the list of furniture unions at http://www.wcml.org.uk/tu/furnish.htm Archived 13 January 2007 at the Wayback Machine.
2. Time Magazine, 24 February 1924
3. Australian States
4. Nobel Prize nomination database

References

• Craig, F. W. S. (1983) [1969]. British parliamentary election results 1918–1949 (3rd ed.). Chichester: Parliamentary Research Services. ISBN 0-900178-06-X.
• Australian Dictionary of Biography online: O'Grady, Sir James (1866–1934)
• Dictionary of National Biography: James O'Grady
• Leigh Rayment's Peerage Pages

External links

• Picture of O'Grady at the State Library of Victoria
• Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by James O'Grady

Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by Henry Cautley	Member of Parliament for Leeds East 1906–1918	Constituency abolished
New constituency	Member of Parliament for Leeds South East 1918–1924	Succeeded by Henry Slesser
Trade union offices
Preceded by J. V. Stevens	President of the Trades Union Congress 1898	Succeeded by W. J. Vernon
Preceded by Matthew Arrandale and Enoch Edwards	Trades Union Congress representative to the American Federation of Labour 1903 With: William Mullin	Succeeded by William Abraham and James Wignall
Preceded by Allan Gee	Chairman of the General Federation of Trade Unions 1912–1918	Succeeded by Joseph Cross
Preceded by New position	President of the International Federation of Factory Workers 1920–1925	Succeeded by August Brey
Government offices
Preceded by Sir William Allardyce	Governor of Tasmania 1924–1930	Succeeded by Sir Ernest Clark
Preceded by Sir Arnold Weinholt Hodson	Governor of the Falkland Islands 1931–1934	Succeeded by Sir Herbert Henniker-Heaton