Jōtoku
Jōtoku (承徳) was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō, "year name") after Eichō and before Kōwa. This period spanned the years from November 1097 through August 1099.[1] The reigning emperor was Emperor Horikawa-tennō (堀河天皇).[2]
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Change of Era
- January 16, 1097 Jōtoku gannen (承徳元年): The new era name was created to mark an event or series of events. The previous era ended and the new one commenced in Eichō 2, on the 21st day of the 11th month of 1097.[3]
Events of the Jōtoku Era
- 1097 (Jōtoku 1, 1st month): The dainagon Minamoto no Tsunenobu died at age 82.[4]
- 1097 (Jōtoku 1, 4th month): The emperor visited the temple at Gion.[4]
- 1097 (Jōtoku 1, 10th month): The emperor visited the home of Kampaku, Fujiwara no Moromichi.[4]
Notes
- Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Jōtoku" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 434, p. 434, at Google Books; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, see Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File.
- Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du Japon, pp. 172–176; Brown, Delmer et al. (1979). Gukanshō, pp. 317–319; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki, p. 202.
- Brown, p. 319.
- Titsingh, p. 176.
gollark: I think the biggest issue is that any system doing it is either going to have a central authority or some sort of web-of-trust-y federated model, and it might be possible for some groups to just completely discard votes from people they don't like.
gollark: Decentralized vote counting is... nontrivial, but probably possible.
gollark: You *can* do direct democracy.
gollark: Distributed systems design is hard even when you can trust all the things involved.
gollark: Approximately. I think you need some sort of central resolution for *some* things.
References
- Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). Gukanshō: The Future and the Past. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-03460-0; OCLC 251325323
- Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 58053128
- Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Nihon Ōdai Ichiran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691
- Varley, H. Paul. (1980). A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki of Kitabatake Chikafusa. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231049405; OCLC 6042764
External links
- National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection
| Preceded by Eichō |
Era or nengō Jōtoku 1097–1099 |
Succeeded by Kōwa |
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